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C. Chen

C. Chen contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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hep-ex nucl-ex hep-ph physics.ins-det cond-mat.str-el nucl-th Computer Vision eess.AS eess.SY hep-lat Machine Learning math.DS math.FA math.OC Sound Systems and Control

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preprint2026arXiv

A search for feebly-interacting particles in $B$ decays with missing energy at Belle

We present a search for an invisible hidden-sector particle $ X_{\rm{inv}}$, produced in $B^0 \to \bar{D}^0 X_{\rm{inv}}$ and $B^\pm\to h X_{\rm{inv}}$ decays, where $h = π^\pm$, $K^\pm$, $D_{s}^\pm$, $p^\pm$. The search is performed using $e^+ e^-$ collision data recorded with the Belle detector, corresponding to 711~fb$^{-1}$. No significant signal is observed. We set 90\% confidence level upper limits ranging between $10^{-4}$ and $10^{-6}$ on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B \to h X_{\rm{inv}})$ as a function of $m_{ X_{\rm{inv}}}$. Corresponding limits are set on $\mathcal{B}(B \to hX)\times\mathcal{B}(X\toγγ)$ for lifetimes $cτ_X$ between $10~μ$m and 10 m. Many of these limits are the first direct constraints on their respective decays. Our results provide the most stringent exclusion limits to date on the branching fractions for all search channels, and exclude previously unexplored regions of parameter space relevant to several new physics models.

preprint2026arXiv

Enhancing Train-Free Infinite-Frame Generation for Consistent Long Videos

Without incurring significant computational overhead, train-free long video generation aims to enable foundation video generation models to produce longer videos. Frame-level autoregressive frameworks, e.g., FIFO-diffusion, offer the advantage of generating infinitely long videos with constant memory consumption. However, the mismatch between training and inference, coupled with the challenge of maintaining long-term consistency, limits the effective utilization of foundation models. To mitigate these concerns, we propose \textbf{MIGA}, a novel infinite-frame long video generation method. Firstly, we propose an effective two-stage alignment mechanism that mitigates the training-inference gap by reducing the excessive noise span fed to the model. We then introduce an innovative dual consistency enhancement mechanism, where the self-reflection approach corrects early high-noise frames and the long-range frame guidance approach leverages later low-noise frames with broad coverage to steer generation, jointly improving temporal consistency. Extensive experiments on VBench and NarrLV demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of MIGA. Our project page is available at https://xiaokunfeng.github.io/miga_homepage/.

preprint2026arXiv

Evidence for the rare decay $B^{+} \to \bar Λp μ^{+} μ^{-}$

A search for the rare decay $B^{+} \to \bar Λp μ^{+} μ^{-}$ is performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}= 13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb$^-1$. An excess of events is found with respect to the background-only expectation, with a signal significance of 3.5 standard deviations, in the low invariant-mass region of $m(\bar Λp)<2.8$ GeV/$c^2$. The branching fraction is measured to be ${\cal B}_{\rm low}({B^{+}}\to {\bar Λp μ^{+} μ^{-}})=\left(1.70 ^{+0.65}_{-0.56}(\rm stat) \pm 0.17(\rm syst) \pm 0.14(\rm ext)\right) \times 10^{-8}$, where the last uncertainty is due to external inputs on ${\cal B}(B^+\to{J/ψ\bar Λp})\times {\cal B}({J/ψ}\to{μ^+μ^-})$. With no significant signal observed in the high $m(\bar Λp)$ region above 2.8 GeV/$c^2$, an upper limit is set to be ${\cal B}_{\rm high}(B^{+}\to {\bar Λp μ^{+} μ^{-}})<2.8\,(3.7) \times 10^{-9}$ at the $90\%$ ($95\%$) confidence level.

preprint2026arXiv

Measurement of transverse $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperon polarization in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV

The transverse polarization of $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons is measured in $p$Pb collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $5.02$ TeV. The polarization is averaged over hyperon transverse momentum in the ranges $0.15 < p_{T} < 6.00 $ GeV/$c$, and Feynman-$x$ in the ranges $0.005 < x_{F} < 0.040$ (forward region) and $-0.10 < x_{F} < -0.01$ (backward region) defined relative to the proton beam direction. The transverse polarization is found to be compatible with zero for both $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperons. The results are also measured as a function of $p_{T}$ and $x_{F}$ with no significant dependence on these variables observed. The results are compared with previous experimental measurements at different center-of-mass energies and collision environments.

preprint2026arXiv

Search for lepton-number-violating $B^-\to D^{(*)+}μ^-μ^-$ decays

A search is performed for lepton-number-violating $B^-\to D^{(*)+}μ^-μ^-$ decays, using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb$^{-1}$. No significant signal is observed, and upper limits are set on the branching fractions, ${\cal B}(B^-\to D^{+}μ^-μ^-) < 4.6 \times 10^{-8}$ and ${\cal B}(B^-\to D^{*+}μ^-μ^-) < 5.9 \times 10^{-8}$, at the 95% confidence level.

preprint2026arXiv

Study of charm mixing and CP violation with $D^0\to K^\pmπ^\mpπ^\pmπ^\mp$ decays

A study of charm mixing and CP violation in $D^0\to K^\pmπ^\mpπ^\pmπ^\mp$ decays is performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions from 2015 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6$\text{fb}^{-1}$. The ratio of promptly produced $D^0\to K^+π^- π^+π^-$ to $D^0\to K^-π^+ π^-π^+$ decay rates is measured as a function of $D^0$ decay time, both inclusive over phase space and in bins of phase space. Taking external inputs for the $D^0 -\overline{D}^0$ mixing parameters $x$ and $y$ allows constraints to be obtained on the hadronic parameters of the charm decay. When combined with previous measurements from charm-threshold experiments and at LHCb, improved knowledge is obtained for these parameters, which is valuable for studies of the angle $γ$ of the Unitarity Triangle. An alternative analysis is also performed, in which external inputs are taken for the hadronic parameters, and the mixing parameters are determined, including $Δx$ and $Δy$, which are nonzero in the presence of CP violation. It is found that $x=\left(0.85^{+0.15}_{-0.24}\right)\%$, $y=\left( 0.21^{+0.29}{-0.27} \right)\%$, $Δx=\left( -0.02\pm {0.04} \right)\% $ and $Δy=\left( 0.02^{+0.04}_{-0.03} \right)\%$. These results are consistent with previous measurements and the hypothesis of CP conservation.

preprint2025arXiv

Coherent photoproduction of $ρ^0, ω$ and excited vector mesons in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions

The invariant-mass distribution for the coherent photoproduction of dipions in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions is measured using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $224.6 \pm 9.6 μ$b$^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in 2018 at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV. In the mass range from 400 to 1200 MeV, the results are consistent with previous experiments, with the spectrum dominated by the $ρ^0$ meson, which interferes with a nonresonant component, together with a smaller $ω$ meson contribution. In an extended mass range up to 2300 MeV, models previously used do not fit the data and a consistent description requires the introduction of two resonances at masses of $1350\pm20$ MeV and $1790\pm20$ MeV with widths of about 300 MeV. The cross-section for each meson is measured differentially in twelve bins of rapidity from 2.05 to 4.90. The $ρ^0$ cross-section increases with rapidity from about 400 to 600 mb and is measured with a typical precision of 8\%, while the cross-section times branching fraction for the $ω,ρ^\prime$ and $ρ^{\prime\prime}$, with the statistical precision of the data, do not have a pronounced rapidity dependence and are between 0.5 and 1.5 mb, with uncertainties up to 30\%. A large nuclear suppression is observed for the $ρ^0$ meson compared to expectations based on photoproduction on the proton that use the impulse approximation. Significant suppression is also observed compared to that predicted by elastic scattering described in the Glauber approach, or with the addition of inelastic scattering in a Gribov--Glauber model.

preprint2025arXiv

Measurement of branching fractions of $Λ_{c}^{+}$ decays to $Σ^{+} η$ and $Σ^{+} η'$

By analyzing $e^+e^-$ collision data taken at center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $\rm 4.5~fb^{-1}$, we study the hadronic decays $Λ_{c}^{+} \rightarrow Σ^{+} η$ and $Λ_{c}^{+} \rightarrow Σ^{+} η^{\prime}$ using the single-tag method. The branching fraction ratio of $Λ_{c}^+ \rightarrow Σ^+ η$ relative to $Λ_{c}^+ \rightarrow Σ^+ π^0$ is determined to be $0.305 \pm 0.046_{\rm stat.} \pm 0.007_{\rm syst.}$, and that of $Λ_{c}^+ \rightarrow Σ^+ η'$ relative to $Λ_{c}^+ \rightarrow Σ^+ ω$ is $0.336 \pm 0.094_{\rm stat.} \pm 0.037_{\rm syst.}$. The ratio of $\frac{\mathcal{B}\left(Λ_{c}^{+} \rightarrow Σ^{+} η'\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left(Λ_{c}^{+} \rightarrow Σ^{+} η\right)} $ is determined to be $1.73 \pm 0.22_{\rm stat.} \pm 0.16_{\rm syst.}$. These results enrich our knowledge of charmed baryon decays.

preprint2024arXiv

Investigation of the $ΔI = 1/2$ rule and test of CP violation through the measurement of decay asymmetry parameters in $Ξ^-$ decays

Using $(10087\pm44)\times 10^{6}$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector, numerous $Ξ^-$ and $Λ$ decay asymmetry parameters are simultaneously determined from the process $J/ψ\to Ξ^- \barΞ^+ \to Λ(pπ^-) π^- \barΛ(\bar{n} π^0) π^+$ and its charge-conjugate channel. The precisions of $α_0$ for $Λ\to nπ^0$ and $\barα_0$ for $\barΛ \to \bar{n}π^0$ compared to world averages are improved by factors of 4 and 1.7, respectively. The ratio of decay asymmetry parameters of $Λ\to nπ^0$ to that of $Λ\to pπ^-$, $\langle α_0 \rangle/ \langle α_{Λ-} \rangle $, is determined to be $ 0.873 \pm 0.012^{+0.011}_{-0.010}$, where the first and the second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The ratio is smaller than unity more than $5σ$, which signifies the existence of the $ΔI = 3/2$ transition in $Λ$ for the first time. Beside, we test for CP violation in $Ξ^- \to Λπ^-$ and in $Λ\to n π^{0}$ with the best precision to date.

preprint2024arXiv

Measurement of branching fractions and direct $CP$ asymmetries for $B \to Kπ$ and $B\toππ$ decays at Belle II

We report measurements of the branching fractions and direct $\it{CP}$ asymmetries of the decays $B^0 \to K^+ π^-$, $B^+ \to K^+ π^0$, $B^+ \to K^0 π^+$, and $B^0 \to K^0 π^0$, and use these for testing the standard model through an isospin-based sum rule. In addition, we measure the branching fraction and direct $\it{CP}$ asymmetry of the decay $B^+ \to π^+π^0$ and the branching fraction of the decay $B^0 \to π^+π^-$. The data are collected with the Belle II detector from $e^+e^-$ collisions at the $Υ(4S)$ resonance produced by the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy collider and contain $387\times 10^6$ bottom-antibottom meson pairs. Signal yields are determined in two-dimensional fits to background-discriminating variables, and range from 500 to 3900 decays, depending on the channel. We obtain $-0.03 \pm 0.13 \pm 0.04$ for the sum rule, in agreement with the standard model expectation of zero and with a precision comparable to the best existing determinations.

preprint2023arXiv

Measurement of the $B^{0} \rightarrow D^{*-} \ell^{+} ν_{\ell}$ branching ratio and $|V_{cb}|$ with a fully reconstructed accompanying $B$ meson in 2019-2021 Belle II data

We present a measurement of the $B^{0} \rightarrow D^{*-} \ell^{+} ν_{\ell}$ ($\ell=e,μ$) branching ratio and of the CKM parameter $|V_{cb}|$ using signal decays accompanied by a fully reconstructed $B$ meson. The Belle II data set of electron-positron collisions at the $Υ(4S)$ resonance, corresponding to 189.3$\,$fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, is analyzed. With the Caprini-Lellouch-Neubert form factor parameterization, the parameters $η_{\rm EW} F(1) |V_{cb}|$ and $ρ^{2}$ are extracted, where $η_{\rm EW}$ is an electroweak correction, $F(1)$ is a normalization factor and $ρ^{2}$ is a form factor shape parameter. We reconstruct 516 signal decays and thereby obtain $\mathcal{B} (B^{0} \rightarrow D^{*-} \ell^{+} ν_{\ell} ) = \left(5.27 \pm 0.22~\rm{\left(stat\right)} \pm 0.38~\rm{\left(syst\right)}\right) \%$, $η_{EW} F(1) |V_{cb}| \times 10^{3} = 34.6 \pm 1.8~\rm{\left(stat\right)} \pm 1.7~\rm{\left(syst\right)}$, and $ρ^{2} = 0.94 \pm 0.18~\rm{\left(stat\right)} \pm 0.11~\rm{\left(syst\right)}$.

preprint2023arXiv

Model-based cross-correlation search for gravitational waves from the low-mass X-ray binary Scorpius X-1 in LIGO O3 data

We present the results of a model-based search for continuous gravitational waves from the low-mass X-ray binary Scorpius X-1 using LIGO detector data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA. This is a semicoherent search which uses details of the signal model to coherently combine data separated by less than a specified coherence time, which can be adjusted to balance sensitivity with computing cost. The search covered a range of gravitational-wave frequencies from 25Hz to 1600Hz, as well as ranges in orbital speed, frequency and phase determined from observational constraints. No significant detection candidates were found, and upper limits were set as a function of frequency. The most stringent limits, between 100Hz and 200Hz, correspond to an amplitude h0 of about 1e-25 when marginalized isotropically over the unknown inclination angle of the neutron star's rotation axis, or less than 4e-26 assuming the optimal orientation. The sensitivity of this search is now probing amplitudes predicted by models of torque balance equilibrium. For the usual conservative model assuming accretion at the surface of the neutron star, our isotropically-marginalized upper limits are close to the predicted amplitude from about 70Hz to 100Hz; the limits assuming the neutron star spin is aligned with the most likely orbital angular momentum are below the conservative torque balance predictions from 40Hz to 200Hz. Assuming a broader range of accretion models, our direct limits on gravitational-wave amplitude delve into the relevant parameter space over a wide range of frequencies, to 500Hz or more.

preprint2023arXiv

Search for hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness in $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow K^+ D_{s}^{-} D^{0}+c.c.$

We report a search for a heavier partner of the recently observed $Z_{cs}(3985)^{-}$ state, denoted as $Z_{cs}^{\prime -}$, in the process $e^{+} e^{-}\rightarrow K^{+}D_{s}^{*-}D^{* 0}+c.c.$, based on $e^+e^-$ collision data collected at the center-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=4.661$, 4.682 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector. The $Z_{cs}^{\prime -}$ is of interest as it is expected to be a candidate for a hidden-charm and open-strange tetraquark. A partial-reconstruction technique is used to isolate $K^+$ recoil-mass spectra, which are probed for a potential contribution from $Z_{cs}^{\prime -}\to D_{s}^{*-}D^{* 0}$ ($c.c.$). We find an excess of $Z_{cs}^{\prime -}\rightarrow D_{s}^{*-}D^{*0}$ ($c.c.$) candidates with a significance of $2.1σ$, after considering systematic uncertainties, at a mass of $(4123.5\pm0.7_\mathrm{stat.}\pm4.7_\mathrm{syst.})\ \mathrm{MeV}/c^{2}$. As the data set is limited in size, the upper limits are evaluated at the 90\% confidence level on the product of the Born cross sections ($σ^{\mathrm{Born}}$) and the branching fraction ($\mathcal{B}$) of $Z_{cs}^{\prime-}\rightarrow D_{s}^{*-}D^{* 0}$, under different assumptions of the $Z_{cs}^{\prime -}$ mass from 4.120 to 4.140 MeV and of the width from 10 to 50 MeV at the three center-of-mass energies. The upper limits of $σ^{\rm Born}\cdot\mathcal{B}$ are found to be at the level of $\mathcal{O}(1)$ pb at each energy. Larger data samples are needed to confirm the $Z_{cs}^{\prime -}$ state and clarify its nature in the coming years.

preprint2022arXiv

$B$-flavor tagging at Belle II

We report on new flavor tagging algorithms developed to determine the quark-flavor content of bottom ($B$) mesons at Belle II. The algorithms provide essential inputs for measurements of quark-flavor mixing and charge-parity violation. We validate and evaluate the performance of the algorithms using hadronic $B$ decays with flavor-specific final states reconstructed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $62.8$ fb$^{-1}$, collected at the $Υ$(4$S$) resonance with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. We measure the total effective tagging efficiency to be $\varepsilon_{\rm eff} = \big(30.0 \pm 1.2(\text{stat}) \pm 0.4(\text{syst})\big)\%$ for a category-based algorithm and $\varepsilon_{\rm eff} = \big(28.8 \pm 1.2(\text{stat}) \pm 0.4(\text{syst})\big)\%$ for a deep-learning-based algorithm.

preprint2022arXiv

$J/ψ$ photo-production in Pb-Pb peripheral collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5 TeV

The photo-production of $J/ψ$ mesons at low transverse momentum is studied in peripheral lead-lead collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 210 $\rm{μb}^{-1}$. The $J/ψ$ candidates are reconstructed through the prompt decay into two muons of opposite charge in the rapidity region of $2.0<y<4.5$. The results significantly improve previous measurements and are compared to the latest theoretical prediction.

preprint2022arXiv

All-sky search for gravitational wave emission from scalar boson clouds around spinning black holes in LIGO O3 data

This paper describes the first all-sky search for long-duration, quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals emitted by ultralight scalar boson clouds around spinning black holes using data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO. We analyze the frequency range from 20~Hz to 610~Hz, over a small frequency derivative range around zero, and use multiple frequency resolutions to be robust towards possible signal frequency wanderings. Outliers from this search are followed up using two different methods, one more suitable for nearly monochromatic signals, and the other more robust towards frequency fluctuations. We do not find any evidence for such signals and set upper limits on the signal strain amplitude, the most stringent being $\approx10^{-25}$ at around 130~Hz. We interpret these upper limits as both an "exclusion region" in the boson mass/black hole mass plane and the maximum detectable distance for a given boson mass, based on an assumption of the age of the black hole/boson cloud system.

preprint2022arXiv

Amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of the decay $D_{s}^{+} \to K^+π^+π^-$

Using $6.32$ fb$^{-1}$ of $e^{+}e^{-}$ collision data collected at the center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, we perform an amplitude analysis of the decay $D^+_s \to K^+π^+π^-$ and determine the amplitudes of the various intermediate states. The absolute branching fraction of $D^+_s\to K^+π^+π^-$ is measured to be ($6.11\pm0.18_{\rm stat.}\pm0.11_{\rm syst.})\times 10^{-3}$. The branching fractions of the dominant intermediate processes $D_{s}^{+} \to K^+ρ^0, ρ^0 \to π^+π^-$ and $D_{s}^{+} \to K^*(892)^0π^+, K^*(892)^0 \to K^+π^-$ are determined to be $(1.96\pm0.19_{\rm stat.}\pm0.23_{\rm syst.})\times 10^{-3}$ and $(1.85\pm0.12_{\rm stat.}\pm0.13_{\rm syst.})\times 10^{-3}$, respectively. The intermediate resonances $f_0(500)$, $f_0(980)$, and $f_0(1370)$ are observed for the first time in this channel.

preprint2022arXiv

Amplitude analysis and branching-fraction measurement of $D_{s}^{+} \to π^{+}π^{0}η^{\prime}$

Using data collected with the BESIII detector in $e^+e^-$ collisions at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV and corresponding to 6.32~fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, we report the amplitude analysis and branching-fraction measurement of the $D^+_s \to π^+ π^0 η^{\prime}$ decay. We find that the dominant intermediate process is $D^+_s \toρ^+ η^{\prime}$ and the significances of other resonant and nonresonant processes are all less than $3σ$. The upper limits on the branching fractions of $S$-wave and $P$-wave nonresonant components are set to $0.10\%$ and $0.74\%$ at the $90\%$ confidence level, respectively. In addition, the branching fraction of the $D^+_s \to π^+ π^0 η^{\prime}$ decay is measured to be $(6.15\pm0.25(\rm stat.)\pm0.18(\rm syst.))\%$, which receives significant contribution only from $D_s^+\to ρ^+η^{\prime}$ according to the amplitude analysis.

preprint2022arXiv

Analysis of neutral $B$-meson decays into two muons

Branching fraction and effective lifetime measurements of the rare decay $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-$ and searches for the decays $B^0\toμ^+μ^-$ and $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-γ$ are reported using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of $7$ TeV, $8$ TeV and $13$ TeV, corresponding to a luminosity of $9$ fb$^{-1}$. The branching fraction ${\mathcal{B}}(B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-)=\left(3.09^{+0.46+0.15}_{-0.43-0.11}\right)\times 10^{-9}$ and the effective lifetime $τ(B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-)=(2.07\pm 0.29\pm 0.03)$ are measured, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. No significant signal for $B^0\toμ^+μ^-$ and $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-γ$ decays is found and upper limits $\mathcal{B}(B^0\toμ^+μ^-)<2.6\times 10^{-10}$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-γ)<2.0\times 10^{-9}$ at the 95% CL are determined, where the latter is limited to the range $m_{μμ} > 4.9$ GeV$/c^2$. The results are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations.

preprint2022arXiv

Angular analysis of $D^0 \to π^+π^-μ^+μ^-$ and $D^0 \to K^+K^-μ^+μ^-$ decays and search for $CP$ violation

The first full angular analysis and an updated measurement of the decay-rate $CP$ asymmetry of the $D^0 \to π^+π^-μ^+μ^-$ and $D^0 \to K^+K^-μ^+μ^-$ decays are reported. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$. The full set of $CP$-averaged angular observables and their $CP$ asymmetries are measured as a function of the dimuon invariant mass. The results are consistent with expectations from the standard model and with $CP$ symmetry.

preprint2022arXiv

Belle II Executive Summary

Belle II is a Super $B$ Factory experiment, expected to record 50 ab$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collisions at the SuperKEKB accelerator until 2035. The large samples of $B$ mesons, charm hadrons, and tau leptons produced in the clean experimental environment of $e^+e^-$ collisions will provide the basis of a broad and unique flavor-physics program. Belle II will pursue physics beyond the Standard Model in many ways, for example: improving the precision of weak interaction parameters, particularly Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements and phases, and thus more rigorously test the CKM paradigm, measuring lepton-flavor-violating parameters, and performing unique searches for missing-mass dark matter events. Many key measurements will be made with world-leading precision.

preprint2022arXiv

Constraints from LIGO O3 data on gravitational-wave emission due to r-modes in the glitching pulsar PSR J0537-6910

We present a search for continuous gravitational-wave emission due to r-modes in the pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration observing run O3. PSR J0537-6910 is a young energetic X-ray pulsar and is the most frequent glitcher known. The inter-glitch braking index of the pulsar suggests that gravitational-wave emission due to r-mode oscillations may play an important role in the spin evolution of this pulsar. Theoretical models confirm this possibility and predict emission at a level that can be probed by ground-based detectors. In order to explore this scenario, we search for r-mode emission in the epochs between glitches by using a contemporaneous timing ephemeris obtained from NICER data. We do not detect any signals in the theoretically expected band of 86-97 Hz, and report upper limits on the amplitude of the gravitational waves. Our results improve on previous amplitude upper limits from r-modes in J0537-6910 by a factor of up to 3 and place stringent constraints on theoretical models for r-mode driven spin-down in PSR J0537-6910, especially for higher frequencies at which our results reach below the spin-down limit defined by energy conservation.

preprint2022arXiv

Constraints on the CKM angle $γ$ from $B^\pm\to Dh^\pm$ decays using $D\rightarrow h^\pm h^{\prime\mp}π^0$ final states

A data sample collected with the LHCb detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$ is used to measure eleven $CP$ violation observables in $B^\pm\to Dh^\pm$ decays, where $h$ is either a kaon or a pion. The neutral $D$ meson decay is reconstructed in the three-body final states: $K^\pmπ^\mpπ^0$}; $π^+π^-π^0$; $K^+K^-π^0$ and the suppressed $π^\pm K^\mpπ^0$ combination. The mode where a large $CP$ asymmetry is expected, $B^\pm\to [π^\pm K^\mpπ^0]_DK^\pm$, is observed with a significance greater than seven standard deviations. The ratio of the partial width of this mode relative to that of the favoured mode, $B^\pm\to [K^\pmπ^\mpπ^0]_D K^\pm$, is $R_{{\rm ADS}(K)} = (1.27\pm0.16\pm0.02)\times 10^{-2}$. Evidence for a large $CP$ asymmetry is also seen: $A_{{\rm ADS}(K)} = -0.38\pm0.12\pm0.02$. Constraints on the CKM angle $γ$ are calculated from the eleven reported observables.

preprint2022arXiv

Cross section measurements of the processes $e^+e^- \rightarrow ωπ^{0}$ and $ωη$ at center-of-mass energies between 3.773 and 4.701 GeV

The Born cross sections of the processes $e^+e^- \rightarrow ωπ^{0}$ and $e^+e^- \rightarrow ωη$ are measured at center-of-mass energies between 3.773 and 4.701 GeV using a total integrated luminosity of 22.7 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. A simple $s^{-n}$ dependence for the continuum process can describe the measured Born cross sections. No significant contributions from the $ψ(4160)$, $Y(4230)$, $Y(4360)$, $ψ(4415)$, $Y(4660)$ resonances are found, which indicates relative small branching fractions for these resonances into the $ωπ^{0}$ and $ωη$ final states.

preprint2022arXiv

Data efficient reinforcement learning and adaptive optimal perimeter control of network traffic dynamics

Existing data-driven and feedback traffic control strategies do not consider the heterogeneity of real-time data measurements. Besides, traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods for traffic control usually converge slowly for lacking data efficiency. Moreover, conventional optimal perimeter control schemes require exact knowledge of the system dynamics and thus would be fragile to endogenous uncertainties. To handle these challenges, this work proposes an integral reinforcement learning (IRL) based approach to learning the macroscopic traffic dynamics for adaptive optimal perimeter control. This work makes the following primary contributions to the transportation literature: (a) A continuous-time control is developed with discrete gain updates to adapt to the discrete-time sensor data. (b) To reduce the sampling complexity and use the available data more efficiently, the experience replay (ER) technique is introduced to the IRL algorithm. (c) The proposed method relaxes the requirement on model calibration in a "model-free" manner that enables robustness against modeling uncertainty and enhances the real-time performance via a data-driven RL algorithm. (d) The convergence of the IRL-based algorithms and the stability of the controlled traffic dynamics are proven via the Lyapunov theory. The optimal control law is parameterized and then approximated by neural networks (NN), which moderates the computational complexity. Both state and input constraints are considered while no model linearization is required. Numerical examples and simulation experiments are presented to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

preprint2022arXiv

Deeply virtual Compton scattering cross section at high Bjorken $x_B$

We report high-precision measurements of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable $x_B$. DVCS is sensitive to the Generalized Parton Distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton Form Factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of $x_B$, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. In particular, the high accuracy of the present data demonstrates sensitivity to some very poorly known CFFs.

preprint2022arXiv

Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop

We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral distances between 200 m and 1000 m. From these lateral distributions, we derive the muon densities as functions of energy at reference distances of 600 m and 800 m for primary energies between 2.5 PeV and 40 PeV and between 9 PeV and 120 PeV, respectively. The muon densities are determined using, as a baseline, the hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.1 together with various composition models. The measurements are consistent with the predicted muon densities within these baseline interaction and composition models. The measured muon densities have also been compared to simulations using the post-LHC models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The result of this comparison is that the post-LHC models together with any given composition model yield higher muon densities than observed. This is in contrast to the observations above 1 EeV where all model simulations yield for any mass composition lower muon densities than the measured ones. The post-LHC models in general feature higher muon densities so that the agreement with experimental data at the highest energies is improved but the muon densities are not correct in the energy range between 2.5 PeV and about 100 PeV.

preprint2022arXiv

DENT-DDSP: Data-efficient noisy speech generator using differentiable digital signal processors for explicit distortion modelling and noise-robust speech recognition

The performances of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems degrade drastically under noisy conditions. Explicit distortion modelling (EDM), as a feature compensation step, is able to enhance ASR systems under such conditions by simulating the in-domain noisy speeches from the clean counterparts. Yet, existing distortion models are either non-trainable or unexplainable and often lack controllability and generalization ability. In this paper, we propose a fully explainable and controllable model: DENT-DDSP to achieve EDM. DENT-DDSP utilizes novel differentiable digital signal processing (DDSP) components and requires only 10 seconds of training data to achieve high fidelity. The experiment shows that the simulated noisy data from DENT-DDSP achieves the highest simulation fidelity compared to other baseline models in terms of multi-scale spectral loss (MSSL). Moreover, to validate whether the data simulated by DENT-DDSP are able to replace the scarce in-domain noisy data in the noise-robust ASR tasks, several downstream ASR models with the same architecture are trained using the simulated data and the real data. The experiment shows that the model trained with the simulated noisy data from DENT-DDSP achieves similar performances to the benchmark with a 2.7\% difference in terms of word error rate (WER). The code of the model is released online.

preprint2022arXiv

Evidence for a new structure in the $J/ψp$ and $J/ψ\bar{p}$ systems in $B_s^0 \to J/ψp \bar{p}$ decays

An amplitude analysis of flavour-untagged $B_s^0 \to J/ψp \bar{p}$ decays is performed using a sample of $797\pm31$ decays reconstructed with the LHCb detector. The data, collected in proton-proton collisions between 2011 and 2018, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9 $\text{fb}^{-1}$. Evidence for a new structure in the $J/ψp$ and $J/ψ\bar{p}$ systems with a mass of $4337 \ ^{+7}_{-4} \ ^{+2}_{-2}~\text{MeV}$ and a width of $29 \ ^{+26}_{-12} \ ^{+14}_{-14}~\text{MeV}$ is found, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, with a significance in the range of 3.1 to 3.7 $σ$, depending on the assigned $J^P$ hypothesis.

preprint2022arXiv

Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events

The balloon-borne ANITA experiment is designed to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos via radio emissions produced by an in-ice shower. Although initially purposed for interactions within the Antarctic ice sheet, ANITA also demonstrated the ability to self-trigger on radio emissions from ultra-high energy charged cosmic rays interacting in the Earth's atmosphere. For showers produced above the Antarctic ice sheet, reflection of the down-coming radio signals at the Antarctic surface should result in a polarity inversion prior to subsequent observation at the $\sim$35-40 km altitude ANITA gondola. ANITA has published two anomalous instances of upcoming cosmic-rays with measured polarity opposite the remaining sample of $\sim$50 UHECR signals. The steep observed upwards incidence angles (25--30 degrees relative to the horizontal) require non-Standard Model physics if these events are due to in-ice neutrino interactions, as the Standard Model cross-section would otherwise prohibit neutrinos from penetrating the long required chord of Earth. Shoemaker et al. posit that glaciological effects may explain the steep observed anomalous events. We herein consider the scenarios offered by Shoemaker et al. and find them to be disfavored by extant ANITA and HiCal experimental data. We note that the recent report of four additional near-horizon anomalous ANITA-4 events, at $>3σ$ significance, are incompatible with their model, which requires significant signal transmission into the ice.

preprint2022arXiv

First all-flavor search for transient neutrino emission using 3-years of IceCube DeepCore data

Since the discovery of a flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, searches for their origins have focused primarily at TeV-PeV energies. Compared to sub-TeV searches, high-energy searches benefit from an increase in the neutrino cross section, improved angular resolution on the neutrino direction, and a reduced background from atmospheric neutrinos and muons. However, the focus on high energy does not preclude the existence of sub-TeV neutrino emission where IceCube retains sensitivity. Here we present the first all-flavor search from IceCube for transient emission of low-energy neutrinos, focusing on the energy region of 5.6-100 GeV using three years of data obtained with the IceCube-DeepCore detector. We find no evidence of transient neutrino emission in the data, thus leading to a constraint on the volumetric rate of astrophysical transient sources in the range of $\sim 705-2301\, \text{Gpc}^{-3}\, \text{yr}^{-1}$ for sources following a subphotospheric energy spectrum with a mean energy of 100 GeV and a bolometric energy of $10^{52}$ erg.

preprint2022arXiv

First decay-time-dependent analysis of $B^{0} \to K_{S}^{0} π^{0}$ at Belle II

We report measurements of the branching fraction ($\mathcal{B}$) and direct $CP$-violating asymmetry ($A_{CP}$) of the charmless decay $B^{0} \to K^0 π^0$ at Belle II. A sample of $e^{+} e^{-}$ collisions, corresponding to $189.8 fb^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, recorded at the $Υ(4S)$ resonance is used for the first decay-time-dependent analysis of these decays within the experiment. We reconstruct about 135 signal candidates, and measure $\mathcal{B}(B^{0} \to K^{0} π^{0})= [11.0 \pm 1.2 (stat) \pm 1.0 (syst)] \times 10^{-6}$ and $A_{CP} (B^{0} \to K^{0} π^{0})= -0.41_{-0.32}^{+0.30} (stat) \pm 0.09 (syst)$.

preprint2022arXiv

First joint observation by the underground gravitational-wave detector, KAGRA, with GEO600

We report the results of the first joint observation of the KAGRA detector with GEO600. KAGRA is a cryogenic and underground gravitational-wave detector consisting of a laser interferometer with three-kilometer arms, and located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. GEO600 is a British--German laser interferometer with 600 m arms, and located near Hannover, Germany. GEO600 and KAGRA performed a joint observing run from April 7 to 20, 2020. We present the results of the joint analysis of the GEO--KAGRA data for transient gravitational-wave signals, including the coalescence of neutron-star binaries and generic unmodeled transients. We also perform dedicated searches for binary coalescence signals and generic transients associated with gamma-ray burst events observed during the joint run. No gravitational-wave events were identified. We evaluate the minimum detectable amplitude for various types of transient signals and the spacetime volume for which the network is sensitive to binary neutron-star coalescences. We also place lower limits on the distances to the gamma-ray bursts analysed based on the non-detection of an associated gravitational-wave signal for several signal models, including binary coalescences. These analyses demonstrate the feasibility and utility of KAGRA as a member of the global gravitational-wave detector network.

preprint2022arXiv

First measurement of the $Z\rightarrow μ^+ μ^-$ angular coefficients in the forward region of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

The first study of the angular distribution of $μ^+ μ^-$ pairs produced in the forward rapidity region via the Drell-Yan reaction $pp \rightarrow γ^{*}/Z +X \rightarrow l^+ l^- + X$ is presented, using data collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 $\rm{fb}^{-1}$. The coefficients of the five leading terms in the angular distribution are determined as a function of the dimuon transverse momentum and rapidity. The results are compared to various theoretical predictions of the $Z$-boson production mechanism and can also be used to probe transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions within the proton.

preprint2022arXiv

First Observation of the Semileptonic Decay $Λ_c^+\rightarrow pK^- e^+ν_e$

Using $4.5~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ annihilation data samples collected at the center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.600~GeV to 4.699~GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, a first study of the semileptonic decays $Λ_c^+\rightarrow pK^-e^+ν_e$, $Λ_c^+\rightarrow Λ(1520) e^+ν_e$ and $Λ_c^+\rightarrow Λ(1405) e^+ν_e$ is performed. The $Λ_c^+\rightarrow pK^-e^+ν_e$ decay is observed with a significance of $8.2σ$ and the branching fraction is measured to be $\mathcal{B}(Λ_c^+\rightarrow pK^- e^+ν_e)=(0.88\pm0.17_{\rm stat.}\pm0.07_{\rm syst.})\times 10^{-3}$. We also report evidence of $Λ_c^+\rightarrow Λ(1520)e^+ν_e$ and $Λ_c^+\rightarrow Λ(1405)e^+ν_e$ with significances of $3.3σ$ and $3.2σ$, respectively, and measure $\mathcal B(Λ^+_c\rightarrow Λ(1520)e^+ν_e)=(1.02\pm0.52_{\rm stat.}\pm0.11_{\rm syst.})\times10^{-3}$ and $\mathcal B(Λ^+_c\rightarrow Λ(1405)[\rightarrow pK^-]e^+ν_e)=(0.42\pm0.19_{\rm stat.}\pm0.04_{\rm syst.})\times10^{-3}$. Combining these with the inclusive semileptonic $Λ_c^+$ branching fraction measured by BESIII, the relative fraction is determined to be $[\mathcal{B}(Λ_c^+\rightarrow pK^-e^+ν_e)/\mathcal{B}(Λ_c^+\rightarrow X e^+ν_e)]=(2.1\pm0.4_{\rm stat.}\pm0.2_{\rm syst.})\%$, which provides a clear confirmation that semileptonic $Λ_c^+$ decays are not saturated by the $Λ\ell^+ν_{\ell}$ final state.

preprint2022arXiv

Hybridization and Correlation between f- and d-orbital electrons in a valence fluctuating compound EuNi2P2

The interaction between localized f and itinerant conduction electrons is crucial in the electronic properties of heavy fermion and valence fluctuating compounds. Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we systematically investigate the electronic structure of the archetypical valence fluctuating compound EuNi2P2 that hosts multiple f electrons. At low temperatures, we reveal the hybridization between Eu 4f and Ni 3d states, which contributes to the electron mass enhancement, consistent with the periodic Anderson model. With increasing temperature, interestingly, we observe opposite temperature evolution of electron spectral function above and below the Kondo coherence temperature near 110 K, which is in contrast to the monotonic valence change and beyond the expectation of the periodic Anderson model. We argue that both f-d hybridization and correlation are imperative in the electronic properties of EuNi2P2. Our results shed light on the understanding of novel properties, such as heavy fermion behaviors and valence fluctuation, of rare-earth transition-metal intermetallic compounds with multiple f electrons.

preprint2022arXiv

Identification of charm jets at LHCb

The identification of charm jets is achieved at LHCb for data collected in 2015-2018 using a method based on the properties of displaced vertices reconstructed and matched with jets. The performance of this method is determined using a dijet calibration dataset recorded by the LHCb detector and selected such that the jets are unbiased in quantities used in the tagging algorithm. The charm-tagging efficiency is reported as a function of the transverse momentum of the jet. The measured efficiencies are compared to those obtained from simulation and found to be in good agreement.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of $e^{+}e^{-} \to K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}$ cross section and observation of a resonant structure

Based on $e^{+}e^{-}$ collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV, a partial-wave analysis is performed for the process $e^{+}e^{-} \to K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}$. The Born cross section of the process $e^{+}e^{-} \to K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}$ and its subprocesses $e^{+}e^{-} \to ϕπ^{0}$, $K^{*}(892)K$ and $K^{*}_{2}(1430)K$ are measured. The results for $e^{+}e^{-} \to K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}$ and $ϕπ^{0}$ are consistent with the BaBar measurements and with improved precision. By analyzing the cross section, of the subprocesses $e^{+}e^{-} \to$ $K^{*}(892)K$ and $K^{*}_{2}(1430)K$, a structure with mass $M_R$ = (2208 $\pm$ 19 $\pm$ 24) MeV/$c^{2}$ and width $Γ_R$ = (168 $\pm$ 24 $\pm$ 39) MeV is observed with a combined statistical significance of 7.6$σ$. The measured resonance parameters suggest it can be identified as the $ϕ(2170)$, thus the results provide valuable input to understand the internal nature of this state.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of $χ_{c1}(3872)$ production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ and $13$ TeV

The production cross-section of the $χ_{c1}(3872)$ state relative to the $ψ(2S)$ meson is measured using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=8$ and 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 2.0 and 5.4 fb$^{-1}$, respectively. The two mesons are reconstructed in the $J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}$ final state. The ratios of the prompt and nonprompt $χ_{c1}(3872)$ to $ψ(2S)$ production cross-sections are measured as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}$, and rapidity, $y$, in the kinematic range $4 < p_{\rm T} < 20$ GeV/$c$ and $2.0 < y < 4.5$. The prompt ratio is found to increase with $p_{\rm T}$ independently of $y$. The double-differential cross-section ratio of $χ_{c1}(3872)$ relative to $ψ(2S)$ mesons between 13 and 8 TeV is also measured for the prompt component and observed to be consistent with unity, independent of $p_{\rm T}$ and centre-of-mass energy.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of Branching Fraction and Longitudinal Polarization in $B^0 \to ρ^+ ρ^-$ Decays at Belle II

We present a measurement of the branching fraction and longitudinal polarization of $B^0 \to ρ^+ ρ^-$ decays. SuperKEKB electron-positron collision data corresponding to 189~fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity and containing $198 \times 10^6 B\bar{B}$ pairs collected with the Belle II detector are used. We obtain \begin{eqnarray*} \mathcal{B}(B^0\toρ^+ρ^-) &=& [2.67\pm0.28\,(\mathrm{stat})\,\pm0.28\,(\mathrm{syst})] \times 10^{-5}, \end{eqnarray*} \begin{eqnarray*} f_L &=& 0.956\pm0.035\,(\mathrm{stat})\,\pm 0.033\,(\mathrm{syst}), \end{eqnarray*} These results are consistent with previous measurements and can be used to constrain penguin pollution and to extract the quark-mixing angle $ϕ_2$.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of prompt charged-particle production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV

The differential cross-section of prompt inclusive production of long-lived charged particles in proton-proton collisions is measured using a data sample recorded by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of ${\sqrt{s} = 13\,\mathrm{TeV}}$. The data sample, collected with an unbiased trigger, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of ${5.4\,\mathrm{nb}^{-1}}$. The differential cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity in the ranges ${p_\mathrm{T} \in [0.08, 10)\,\mathrm{GeV}\,c^{-1}}$ and ${η\in [2.0, 4.8)}$ and is determined separately for positively and negatively charged particles. The results are compared with predictions from various hadronic-interaction models.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-$ decay properties and search for the $B^0\toμ^+μ^-$ and $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-γ$ decays

An improved measurement of the decay $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-$ and searches for the decays $B^0\toμ^+μ^-$ and $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-γ$ are performed at the LHCb experiment using data collected in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7,~8$ and $13$ TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1, 2 and 6 fb$^{-1}$, respectively. The $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-$ branching fraction and effective lifetime are measured to be ${\mathcal{B}}(B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-)=\left(3.09^{+0.46+0.15}_{-0.43-0.11}\right)\times 10^{-9}$ and $τ(B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-)=(2.07\pm 0.29\pm 0.03)$ ps, respectively, where the uncertainties include both statistical and systematic contributions. No significant signal for $B^0\toμ^+μ^-$ and $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-γ$ decays is found and the upper limits $\mathcal{B}(B^0\toμ^+μ^-)<2.6\times 10^{-10}$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-γ)<2.0\times 10^{-9}$ at 95% confidence level are determined, where the latter is limited to the range $m_{μμ} > 4.9$ GeV$/c^2$. Additionally, the ratio between the $B^0\toμ^+μ^-$ and $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-$ branching fractions is measured to be $\mathcal{R}_{μ^+μ^-}<0.095$ at 95% confidence level. The results are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the branching fraction and decay asymmetry of $Λ\to nγ$

The radiative hyperon decay $Λ\to nγ$ is studied using $(10087\pm44)\times 10^6$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at BEPCII. The absolute branching fraction of the decay $Λ\to nγ$ is determined with a significance of 5.6$σ$ to be $[0.832\pm0.038(\rm stat.)\pm0.054(\rm syst.)]\times10^{-3}$, which lies significantly below the current PDG value. By analyzing the joint angular distribution of the decay products, the first determination of the decay asymmetry $α_γ$ is reported with a value of $-0.16\pm0.10(\rm stat.)\pm0.05(\rm syst.)$.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the branching fraction for $ψ(3686)\to ωK^0_SK^0_S$

Analyzing $(448.1\pm2.9)\times10^6$ $ψ(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the $ψ(3686)\to ωK_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}$ decay is observed for the first time. The branching fraction for this decay is determined to be $\mathcal{B}_{ψ(3686)\to ωK_{S}^{0}K^{0}_{S}}$=$(7.04\pm0.39\pm0.36)$$\times10^{-5}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the branching fraction of the $B^0 \to K_S^0 π^0 γ$ decay using 190 fb$^{-1}$ of Belle II data

We report the measurement of the branching fraction of the $B^0 \to K_S^0 π^0 γ$ decay in $e^+ e^- \to Υ(4S) \to B \overline{B}$ data recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy collider and corresponding to 190 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The signal yield is measured to be $121\pm 29\,\hbox{(stat.)}$, leading to the branching fraction ${\cal B}\left(B^0 \to K_S^0 π^0 γ\right) = \left(7.3 \pm 1.8\,\hbox{(stat.)} \pm 1.0\,\hbox{(syst.)} \right)\times 10^{-6}$, which agrees with the known value.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the branching fraction of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay $D^0\to K^+π^-π^0$ and search for $D^0\to K^+π^-π^0π^0$

Using $2.93\,\rm fb^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773\,GeV with the BESIII detector, we present a measurement of the branching fraction of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed (DCS) decay $D^0\to K^+π^-π^0$ and a search for the DCS decay $D^0\to K^+π^-π^0π^0$. The branching fraction of $D^0\to K^+π^-π^0$ is determined to be $[3.13^{+0.60}_{-0.56}({\rm stat}) \pm 0.09({\rm syst})] \times 10^{-4}$. No signal is observed for $D^0\to K^+π^-π^0π^0$ and an upper limit of $3.6 \times 10^{-4}$ is set on the branching fraction at the 90\% C.L. We combine these results with the world-average branching fractions of their counterpart Cabibbo-favored decays to determine the ratios of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed over the Cabibbo-favored branching fractions, ${\mathcal B}(D^0\to K^+π^-π^0)/{\mathcal B}(D^0\to K^-π^+π^0)=(0.22\pm 0.04)\%$~and ${\mathcal B}(D^0\to K^+π^-π^0π^0)/{\mathcal B}(D^0\to K^-π^+π^0π^0)<0.40\%$ at the 90\% C.L., which correspond to $(0.75\pm 0.14)\tan^{4} θ_C$~and $1.37\times \tan^{4} θ_C$, respectively, where $θ_C$ is the Cabibbo angle.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the charm mixing parameter $y_{CP} - y_{CP}^{Kπ}$ using two-body $D^0$ meson decays

A measurement of the ratios of the effective decay widths of $D^0 \to π^-π^+$ and $D^0 \to K^-K^+$ decays over that of $D^0 \to K^-π^+$ decays is performed with the LHCb experiment using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $13 \, \mathrm{TeV}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6 \, \mathrm{fb^{-1}}$. These observables give access to the charm mixing parameters $y_{CP}^{ππ} - y_{CP}^{Kπ}$ and $y_{CP}^{KK} - y_{CP}^{Kπ}$, and are measured as $y_{CP}^{ππ} - y_{CP}^{Kπ} = (6.57 \pm 0.53 \pm 0.16) \times 10^{-3}$, $y_{CP}^{KK} - y_{CP}^{Kπ} = (7.08 \pm 0.30 \pm 0.14) \times 10^{-3}$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The combination of the two measurements is $y_{CP} - y_{CP}^{Kπ} = (6.96 \pm 0.26 \pm 0.13) \times 10^{-3}$, which is four times more precise than the previous world average.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the Cross Section for $e^{+}e^{-}\to$ hadrons at Energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV

Based on electron-positron collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider II storage rings, the value of $R\equivσ(e^{+}e^{-}\to$hadrons)/$σ(e^{+}e^{-}\toμ^{+}μ^{-})$ is measured at 14 center-of-mass energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV. The resulting uncertainties are less than $3.0\%$, and are dominated by systematic uncertainties.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the cross section of $e^{+}e^{-}\toηπ^{+}π^{-}$ at center-of-mass energies from 3.872 GeV to 4.700 GeV

Using data samples with an integrated luminosity of 19 fb$^{-1}$ at twenty-eight center-of-mass energies from 3.872 GeV to 4.700 GeV collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII electron--positron collider, the process $e^{+}e^{-}\toηπ^{+}π^{-}$ and the intermediate process $e^{+}e^{-}\toηρ^{0}$ are studied for the first time. The Born cross sections are measured. No significant resonance structure is observed in the cross section lineshape.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the lifetimes of promptly produced $Ω^{0}_{c}$ and $Ξ^{0}_{c}$ baryons

A measurement of the lifetimes of the $Ω^{0}_{c}$ and $Ξ^{0}_{c}$ baryons is reported using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of $13\text{ TeV}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.4\text{ fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. The $Ω^{0}_{c}$ and $Ξ^{0}_{c}$ baryons are produced directly from proton interactions and reconstructed in the $pK^{-}K^{-}π^{+}$ final state. The $Ω^{0}_{c}$ lifetime is measured to be $276.5\pm13.4\pm4.4\pm0.7\text{ fs}$, and the $Ξ^{0}_{c}$ lifetime is measured to be $148.0\pm2.3\pm2.2\pm0.2\text{ fs}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third due to the uncertainty on the $D^{0}$ lifetime. These results confirm previous LHCb measurements based on semileptonic beauty-hadron decays, which disagree with earlier results of a four times shorter $Ω^{0}_{c}$ lifetime, and provide the single most precise measurement of the $Ω^{0}_{c}$ lifetime.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the nuclear modification factor and prompt charged particle production in $p\mathrm{Pb}$ and $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm{NN}}}=5\,\mathrm{TeV}$

The production of prompt charged particles in proton-lead collisions and in proton-proton collisions at the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy ${\sqrt{s_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm{NN}}}=5\,\mathrm{TeV}}$ is studied at LHCb as a function of pseudorapidity ($η$) and transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) with respect to the proton beam direction. The nuclear modification factor for charged particles is determined as a function of $η$ between ${-4.8<η<-2.5}$ (backward region) and ${2.0<η<4.8}$ (forward region), and $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ between ${0.2<p_{\mathrm{T}}<8.0\,\mathrm{GeV}/c}$. The results show a suppression of charged particle production in proton-lead collisions relative to proton-proton collisions in the forward region and an enhancement in the backward region for $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ larger than $1.5\,\mathrm{GeV}/c$. This measurement constrains nuclear PDFs and saturation models at previously unexplored values of the parton momentum fraction down to $10^{-6}$.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the photon polarization in $Λ_b \to Λγ$ decays

The photon polarization in $b \to s γ$ transitions is measured for the first time in radiative b-baryon decays exploiting the unique spin structure of $Λ_b \to Λγ$ decays. A data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6\;fb^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $13\;TeV$ is used. The photon polarization is measured to be $α_γ= 0.82^{\,+\,0.17\,+\,0.04}_{\,-\,0.26\,-\,0.13}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This result is in agreement with the Standard Model prediction and previous measurements in b-meson decays. Charge-parity breaking effects are studied for the first time in this observable and found to be consistent with $CP$ symmetry.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the total and leptonic decay widths of the $J/ψ$ resonance with an energy scan method at BESIII

Using $e^+e^-$ annihilation data sets collected with the BESIII detector, we measure the cross sections of the processes $e^+e^- \to e^+e^-$ and $e^+e^- \to μ^+μ^-$ at fifteen center-of-mass energy points in the vicinity of the $J/ψ$ resonance. By a simultaneous fit to the measured, center-of-mass energy dependent cross sections of the two processes, the combined quantities $Γ_{ee} Γ_{ee} / Γ_{\rm tot}$ and $Γ_{ee} Γ_{μμ} / Γ_{\rm tot}$ are determined to be ($0.346 \pm 0.009$) and ($0.335 \pm 0.006$) keV, respectively, where $Γ_{ee}$, $Γ_{μμ}$, and $Γ_{\rm tot}$ are the electronic, muonic, and total decay widths of the $J/ψ$ resonance, respectively. Using the resultant $Γ_{ee} Γ_{μμ} / Γ_{\rm tot}$ and $Γ_{ee} Γ_{ee} / Γ_{\rm tot}$, the ratio $Γ_{ee} / Γ_{μμ}$ is calculated to be $1.031 \pm 0.015$, which is consistent with the expectation of lepton universality within about two standard deviations. Assuming lepton universality and using the branching fraction of the $J/ψ$ leptonic decay measured by BESIII in 2013, $Γ_{\rm tot}$ and $Γ_{ll}$ are determined to be ($93.0 \pm 2.1$) and ($5.56 \pm 0.11$) keV, respectively, where $Γ_{ll}$ is the average leptonic decay width of the $J/ψ$ resonance.

preprint2022arXiv

Measurement of the W boson mass

The $W$ boson mass is measured using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 fb$^{-1}$ recorded during 2016 by the LHCb experiment. With a simultaneous fit of the muon $q/p_T$ distribution of a sample of $W \to μν$ decays and the $ϕ^*$ distribution of a sample of $Z\toμμ$ decays the $W$ boson mass is determined to be \begin{equation*} m_{W} = 80354 \pm 23_{\rm stat} \pm 10_{\rm exp} \pm 17_{\rm theory} \pm 9_{\rm PDF}~\mathrm{MeV}, \end{equation*} where uncertainties correspond to contributions from statistical, experimental systematic, theoretical and parton distribution function sources. This is an average of results based on three recent global parton distribution function sets. The measurement agrees well with the prediction of the global electroweak fit and with previous measurements.

preprint2022arXiv

Narrowband searches for continuous and long-duration transient gravitational waves from known pulsars in the LIGO-Virgo third observing run

Isolated neutron stars that are asymmetric with respect to their spin axis are possible sources of detectable continuous gravitational waves. This paper presents a fully-coherent search for such signals from eighteen pulsars in data from LIGO and Virgo's third observing run (O3). For known pulsars, efficient and sensitive matched-filter searches can be carried out if one assumes the gravitational radiation is phase-locked to the electromagnetic emission. In the search presented here, we relax this assumption and allow the frequency and frequency time-derivative of the gravitational waves to vary in a small range around those inferred from electromagnetic observations. We find no evidence for continuous gravitational waves, and set upper limits on the strain amplitude for each target. These limits are more constraining for seven of the targets than the spin-down limit defined by ascribing all rotational energy loss to gravitational radiation. In an additional search we look in O3 data for long-duration (hours-months) transient gravitational waves in the aftermath of pulsar glitches for six targets with a total of nine glitches. We report two marginal outliers from this search, but find no clear evidence for such emission either. The resulting duration-dependent strain upper limits do not surpass indirect energy constraints for any of these targets.

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of $a_0(1710)^+ \to K_S^0K^+$ in study of the $D_s^+\to K_S^0K^+π^0$ decay

Using $e^+e^-$ annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32 fb$^{-1}$ collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 GeV and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, we perform the first amplitude analysis of the decay $D_s^+\to K_S^0K^+π^0$ and determine the relative branching fractions and phases for intermediate processes. We observe the $a_0(1710)^+$, the isovector partner of the $f_0(1710)$ and $f_0(1770)$ mesons, in its decay to $K_S^0K^+$ for the first time. In addition, we measure the ratio $\frac{\mathcal{B}(D_{s}^{+} \to \bar{K}^{*}(892)^{0}K^{+})}{\mathcal{B}(D_{s}^{+} \to \bar{K}^{0}K^{*}(892)^{+})}$ to be $2.35^{+0.42}_{-0.23\text{stat.}}\pm 0.10_{\rm syst.}$. Finally, we provide a precision measurement of the absolute branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(D_s^+\to K_S^0K^+π^0) = (1.46\pm 0.06_{\text{stat.}}\pm 0.05_{\text{syst.}})\%$.

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of $η_c(2S) \to 3(π^+π^-)$ and measurements of $χ_{cJ} \to 3(π^+π^-)$ in $ψ(3686)$ radiative transitions

The hadronic decay $η_c(2S) \to 3(π^+π^-)$ is observed with a statistical significance of 9.3 standard deviations using $(448.1\pm2.9)\times10^6$ $ψ(3686)$ events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The measured mass and width of $η_c(2S)$ are $(3643.4 \pm 2.3 (\rm stat.) \pm 4.4 (\rm syst.))$ MeV/$c^2$ and $(19.8 \pm 3.9 (\rm stat.) \pm 3.1 (\rm syst.))$ MeV, respectively, which are consistent with the world average values within two standard deviations. The product branching fraction $\mathcal{B}[ψ(3686)\to γη_c(2S)]\times\mathcal{B}[η_c(2S)\to3(π^+π^-)]$ is measured to be $(9.2 \pm 1.0 (\rm stat.) \pm 0.9 (\rm syst.))\times10^{-6}$. Using $\mathcal{B}[ψ(3686)\to γη_c(2S)]=(7.0^{+3.4}_{-2.5})\times10^{-4}$, we obtain $\mathcal{B}[η_c(2S) \to 3(π^+π^-)] = (1.31 \pm 0.15 (\rm stat.) \pm 0.13 (\rm syst.)(^{+0.64}_{-0.47}) (\rm extr))\times10^{-2}$, where the third uncertainty is from $\mathcal{B}[ψ(3686) \to γη_c(2S)]$. We also measure the $χ_{cJ} \to 3(π^+π^-)$ ($J=0, 1, 2$) decays via $ψ(3686) \to γχ_{cJ}$ transitions. The branching fractions are $\mathcal{B}[χ_{c0} \to 3(π^+π^-)] = (2.080\pm0.006 (\rm stat.)\pm0.068 (\rm syst.))\times10^{-2}$, $\mathcal{B}[χ_{c1} \to 3(π^+π^-)] = (1.092\pm0.004 (\rm stat.)\pm0.035 (\rm syst.))\times10^{-2}$, and $\mathcal{B}[χ_{c2} \to 3(π^+π^-)] = (1.565\pm0.005 (\rm stat.)\pm0.048 (\rm syst.))\times10^{-2}$.

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of $Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^+ p π^-π^-$ and $Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^{*+} p π^-π^-$ decays

The multihadron decays $Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^+ p π^-π^-$ and $Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^{*+} p π^-π^-$ are observed in data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb$^{-1}$, collected in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8TeV by the LHCb detector. Using the~decay $Λ_b^0\rightarrow Λ_c^+ π^+ π^-π^-$ as a normalisation channel, the ratio of branching fractions is measured to be $$ \frac { {\mathcal{B}} ( Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^+ p π^-π^- ) } { {\mathcal{B}} ( Λ_b^0\rightarrow Λ_c^+ π^+ π^-π^- ) } \times \frac { {\mathcal{B}} ( D^+ \rightarrow K^-π^+π^+) } { {\mathcal{B}} ( Λ_c^+ \rightarrow p K^-π^+ ) } = ( 5.35 \pm 0.21 \pm 0.16 ) \% \,, $$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The ratio of branching fractions for $Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^{*+} p π^-π^-$ and $Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^+ p π^-π^-$ decays is found to be $$ \frac{ {\mathcal{B}} ( Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^{*+} p π^-π^- )} { {\mathcal{B}} ( Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^{+} p π^-π^- )} \times ( {\mathcal{B}}( D^{*+} \rightarrow π^0 ) + {\mathcal{B}}( D^{*+} \rightarrow γ)) = ( 61.3 \pm 4.3 \pm 4.0 ) \% \,. $$

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of an exotic narrow doubly charmed tetraquark

Conventional hadronic matter consists of baryons and mesons made of three quarks and quark-antiquark pairs, respectively. The observation of a new type of hadronic state, a doubly charmed tetraquark containing two charm quarks, an anti-$u$ and an anti-$d$ quark, is reported using data collected by the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. This exotic state with a mass of about 3875 MeV$/c^2$ manifests itself as a narrow peak in the mass spectrum of $D^0D^0π^+$ mesons just below the $D^{*+}D^0$ mass threshold. The near threshold mass together with a strikingly narrow width reveals the resonance nature of the state.

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of non-trivial topological electronic structure of orthorhombic SnSe

Topological electronic structures are key to the topological classification of quantum materials and play an important role in their physical properties and applications. Recently, SnSe has attracted great research interests due to its superior thermoelectric performance. However, it's topological nature has long been ignored. In this work, by combining synchrotron-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ab-initio calculations, we systematically investigated the topological electronic structure of orthorhombic SnSe. By identifying the continuous gap in the valence bands due to the band inversion and the topological surface states on its (001) surface, we establish SnSe as a strong topological insulator. Furthermore, we studied the evolution of the topological electronic structure and propose the topological phase diagram in SnSe1-xTex. Our work reveals the topological non-trivial nature of SnSe and provides new understandings of its intriguing transport properties.

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of resonance structures in $e^+e^-\to π^+π^-ψ_2(3823)$ and mass measurement of $ψ_2(3823)$

Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11.3 $\rm fb^{-1}$ collected at center-of-mass energies from $4.23$ to $4.70$ GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the product of the $e^+e^-\to π^+π^-ψ_2(3823)$ cross section and the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}[ψ_2(3823)\to γχ_{c1}]$. For the first time, resonance structure is observed in the cross section line shape of $e^+e^-\to π^+π^-ψ_2(3823)$ with significances exceeding $5σ$. A fit to data with two coherent Breit-Wigner resonances modeling the $\sqrt{s}$-dependent cross section yields $M(R_1)=4406.9\pm 17.2\pm 4.5$ MeV/$c^2$, $Γ(R_1)=128.1\pm 37.2\pm 2.3$ MeV, and $M(R_2)=4647.9\pm 8.6\pm 0.8$ MeV/$c^2$, $Γ(R_2)=33.1\pm 18.6\pm 4.1$ MeV. Though weakly disfavored by the data, a single resonance with $M(R)=4417.5\pm26.2\pm3.5$ MeV/$c^2$, $Γ(R)=245\pm48\pm13$ MeV is also possible to interpret data. This observation deepens our understanding of the nature of the vector charmoniumlike states. The mass of the $ψ_2(3823)$ state is measured as $(3823.12\pm 0.43\pm 0.13)$ MeV/$c^2$, which is the most precise measurement to date.

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of the $B^0\rightarrow\overline{D}^{0}K^{+}π^{-}$ and $B_s^0\rightarrow\overline{D}^{0}K^{-}π^{+}$ decays

The first observations of $B^0\rightarrow\overline{D}^{*}(2007)^{0}K^{+}π^{-}$ and $B_s^0\rightarrow\overline{D}^{*}(2007)^{0}K^{-}π^{+}$ decays are presented, and their branching fractions relative to that of the $B^0\rightarrow\overline{D}^{*}(2007)^{0}π^{+}π^{-}$ decay are reported. These modes can potentially be used to investigate the spectroscopy of charm and charm-strange resonances and to determine the angle $γ$ of the CKM unitarity triangle. It is also important to understand them as a source of potential background in determinations of $γ$ from $B^{+}\rightarrow DK^{+}$ and $B^{0}\rightarrow DK^{+}π^{-}$ decays. The analysis is based on a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.4 ~\rm{fb}^{-1}$ of proton--proton collision data at $13 ~\rm{TeV}$ centre-of-mass energy recorded with the LHCb detector. The $\overline{D}^{*}(2007)^{0}$ mesons are fully reconstructed in the $\overline{D}^{0}π^{0}$ and $\overline{D}^{0}γ$ channels, with the $\overline{D}^{0} \rightarrow K^{+}π^{-}$ decay. A novel weighting method is used to subtract background while simultaneously applying an event-by-event efficiency correction to account for resonant structures in the decays.

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of the double Dalitz decay $η'\to e^+e^-e^+e^-$

Based on $(10087 \pm 44)\times10^6$ $J/ψ$ events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the double Dalitz decay $η'\to e^+e^-e^+e^-$ is observed for the first time via the $J/ψ\toγη'$ decay process. The significance is found to be 5.7$σ$ with systematic uncertainties taken into consideration. Its branching fraction is determined to be $\mathcal{B}(η'\to e^+ e^- e^+ e^-) =(4.5\pm1.0(\mathrm{stat.})\pm0.5(\mathrm{sys.})) \times 10^{-6}$.

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of the doubly charmed baryon decay $\it{Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_{c}^{'+}π^{+}}$

The $\it{Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_{c}^{'+}π^{+}}$ decay is observed using proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $13\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.4\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. The $\it{Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_{c}^{'+}π^{+}}$ decay is reconstructed partially, where the photon from the $\it{Ξ_{c}^{'+} \to Ξ_{c}^{+}γ}$ decay is not reconstructed and the $pK^-π^+$ final state of the $\it{Ξ_{c}^{+}}$ baryon is employed. The $\it{Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_{c}^{'+}π^{+}}$ branching fraction relative to that of the $\it{Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_{c}^{+}π^{+}}$ decay is measured to be $1.41 \pm 0.17 \pm 0.10$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of the suppressed $Λ_b^0\to D p K^-$ decay with $D\to K^+ π^-$ and measurement of its $C\!P$ asymmetry

A study of $Λ_b^0$ baryon decays to the $DpK^-$ final state is presented based on a proton-proton collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the LHCb detector. Two $Λ_b^0$ decays are considered, $Λ_b^0\to DpK^-$ with $D\to K^-π^+$ and $D\to K^+π^-$, where $D$ represents a superposition of $D^0$ and $\overline{D}^0$ states. The latter process is expected to be suppressed relative to the former, and is observed for the first time. The ratio of branching fractions of the two decays is measured, and the $C\!P$ asymmetry of the suppressed mode, which is sensitive to the CKM angle $γ$, is also reported.

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of the toroidal rotation in a new designed compact torus system for EAST

Compact torus injection is considered as a high promising approach to realize central fueling in the future tokamak device. Recently, a compact torus injection system has been developed for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak, and the preliminary results have been carried out. In the typical discharges of the early stage, the velocity, electron density and particles number of the CT can reach 56.0 km/s, 8.73*10^20 m^(-3) and 2.4*10^18 (for helium), respectively. A continuous increase in CT density during acceleration was observed in the experiment, which may be due to the plasma ionized in the formation region may carry part of the neutral gas into the acceleration region, and these neutral gases will be ionized again. In addition, a significant plasma rotation is observed during the formation process which is introduced by the E*B drift. In this paper, we present the detailed system setup and the preliminary platform test results, hoping to provide some basis for the exploration of the CT technique medium-sized superconducting tokamak device in the future

preprint2022arXiv

Observation of two new excited ${\itΞ}_b^0$ states decaying to ${\itΛ}_b^0 K^-π^+$

Two narrow resonant states are observed in the ${\itΛ}_b^0 K^-π^+$ mass spectrum using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13$~\rm TeV$, collected by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6~{\rm fb}^{-1}$. The minimal quark content of the ${\itΛ}_b^0 K^-π^+$ system indicates that these are excited ${\itΞ}_b^0$ baryons. The masses of the ${\itΞ}_b(6327)^0$ and ${\itΞ}_b(6333)^0$ states are $m({\itΞ}_b(6327)^0) = 6327.28 ^{\,+\,0.23}_{\,-\,0.21} \pm 0.12 \pm 0.24~{\rm MeV}$ and $m({\itΞ}_b(6333)^0) = 6332.69 ^{\,+\,0.17}_{\,-\,0.18} \pm 0.03 \pm 0.22~{\rm MeV}$, respectively, with a mass splitting of $Δm = 5.41 ^{\,+\,0.26}_{\,-\,0.27} \pm 0.12 ~{\rm MeV}$, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and due to the ${\itΛ}_b^0$ mass measurement. The measured natural widths of these states are consistent with zero, with upper limits of $Γ({\itΞ}_b(6327)^0)<2.20~(2.56) ~{\rm MeV}$ and $Γ({\itΞ}_b(6333)^0)<1.60~(1.92) ~{\rm MeV}$ at a $90\%~(95\%)$ credibility level. The significance of the two-peak hypothesis is larger than nine (five) Gaussian standard deviations compared to the no-peak (one-peak) hypothesis. The masses, widths and resonant structure of the new states are in good agreement with the expectations for a doublet of 1$D$ ${\itΞ}_b^0$ resonances.

preprint2022arXiv

Precise determination of the B0s-B0sbar oscillation frequency

Mesons comprising a beauty quark and a strange quark can oscillate between particle (B0s) and antiparticle (B0s) flavour eigenstates, with a frequency given by the mass difference between heavy and light mass eigenstates, deltams. Here we present ameasurement of deltams using B0s2DsPi decays produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The oscillation frequency is found to be deltams = 17.7683 +- 0.0051 +- 0.0032 ps-1, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This measurement improves upon the current deltams precision by a factor of two. We combine this result with previous LHCb measurements to determine deltams = 17.7656 +- 0.0057 ps-1, which is the legacy measurement of the original LHCb detector.

preprint2022arXiv

Precision measurement of forward $Z$ boson production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

A precision measurement of the $Z$ boson production cross-section at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV in the forward region is presented, using $pp$ collision data collected by the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 fb$^{-1}$. The production cross-section is measured using $Z\rightarrowμ^+μ^-$ events within the fiducial region defined as pseudorapidity $2.0<η<4.5$ and transverse momentum $p_{T}>20$ GeV/$c$ for both muons and dimuon invariant mass $60<M_{μμ}<120$ GeV/$c^2$. The integrated cross-section is determined to be \begin{equation*} σ(Z\rightarrowμ^+μ^-) = 196.4 \pm 0.2 \pm 1.6 \pm 3.9~pb, \end{equation*} where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the luminosity determination. The measured results are in agreement with theoretical predictions within uncertainties.

preprint2022arXiv

Probing for high momentum protons in $^4$He via the $^4He(e,e'p)X$ reaction

Experimental cross sections for the $^4He(e,e'p)X$ reaction up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/$c$ at $x_B=1.24$ and $Q^2$=2(GeV/$c$)$^2$ are reported. The data are compared to Relativistic Distorted Wave Impulse Approximation(RDWIA) calculations for $^4He(e,e'p)^3H$ channel. Significantly more events in the triton mass region are measured for $p_{m}$$>$0.45 GeV/$c$ than are predicted by the theoretical model, suggesting that the effects of initial-state multi-nucleon correlations are stronger than expected by the RDWIA model.

preprint2022arXiv

Robust Kagome Electronic Structure in Topological Quantum Magnets XMn6Sn6 (X = Dy, Tb, Gd, Y)

Crystal geometry can greatly influence the emergent properties of quantum materials. As an example, the kagome lattice is an ideal platform to study the rich interplay between topology, magnetism, and electronic correlation. In this work, combining high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and ab-initio calculation, we systematically investigate the electronic structure of XMn6Sn6 (X = Dy, Tb, Gd, Y) family compounds. We observe the Dirac fermion and the flat band arising from the magnetic kagome lattice of Mn atoms. Interestingly, the flat band locates in the same energy region in all compounds studied, regardless of their different magnetic ground states and 4f electronic configurations. These observations suggest a robust Mn magnetic kagome lattice across the XMn6Sn6 family, thus providing an ideal platform for the search and investigation on new emergent phenomena in magnetic topological materials.

preprint2022arXiv

Search for $X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{c0}$ and $X(3872)\toππχ_{c0}$ at BESIII

Using 9.9 fb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ collision data collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.15 and 4.30 GeV, we search for the processes $e^+e^-\toγX(3872)$ with $X(3872)\rightarrowπ^0χ_{c0}$ and $X(3872)\rightarrowππχ_{c0}$. Depending on the fitting model, the statistical significance for $X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{c0}$ ranges from 1.3$σ$ to 2.8$σ$. We set upper limits (at 90\% C.L.) of $\frac{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\rightarrowπ^0χ_{c0})}{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\toπ^+π^-J/ψ)}<3.6$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\rightarrowπ^+π^-χ_{c0})}{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\toπ^+π^-J/ψ)}<0.68$, and $\frac{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\rightarrowπ^0π^0χ_{c0})}{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\toπ^+π^-J/ψ)}<1.7$. Combined with the BESIII measurement of $X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{c1}$, we also set an upper limit of $\frac{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\rightarrowπ^0χ_{c0})}{\mathcal{B}(X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{c1})}<4.4$.

preprint2022arXiv

Search for anisotropic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs

We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called {\tt PyStoch} on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of gravitational-wave signals. Hence we derive 95\% confidence-level upper limit sky maps on the gravitational-wave energy flux from broadband point sources, ranging from $F_{α, Θ} < {\rm (0.013 - 7.6)} \times 10^{-8} {\rm erg \, cm^{-2} \, s^{-1} \, Hz^{-1}},$ and on the (normalized) gravitational-wave energy density spectrum from extended sources, ranging from $Ω_{α, Θ} < {\rm (0.57 - 9.3)} \times 10^{-9} \, {\rm sr^{-1}}$, depending on direction ($Θ$) and spectral index ($α$). These limits improve upon previous limits by factors of $2.9 - 3.5$. We also set 95\% confidence level upper limits on the frequency-dependent strain amplitudes of quasimonochromatic gravitational waves coming from three interesting targets, Scorpius X-1, SN 1987A and the Galactic Center, with best upper limits range from $h_0 < {\rm (1.7-2.1)} \times 10^{-25},$ a factor of $\geq 2.0$ improvement compared to previous stochastic radiometer searches.

preprint2022arXiv

Search for baryon and lepton number violation decay $D^{\pm}\to n(\bar{n})e^{\pm}$

Using a data set of electron-positron collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of ${\rm 2.93~fb^{-1}}$ taken with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, a search for the baryon ($B$) and lepton ($L$) number violating decays $D^{\pm}\to n(\bar{n})e^{\pm}$ is performed. No signal is observed and the upper limits on the branching fractions at the $90\%$ confidence level are set to be $1.43\times10^{-5}$ for the decays $D^{+(-)}\to \bar{n}(n)e^{+(-)}$ with $Δ|B-L|=0$, and $2.91\times10^{-5}$ for the decays $D^{+(-)}\to n(\bar{n})e^{+(-)}$ with $Δ|B-L|=2$ , where $Δ|B-L|$ denotes the change in the difference between baryon and lepton numbers.

preprint2022arXiv

Search for continuous gravitational wave emission from the Milky Way center in O3 LIGO--Virgo data

We present a directed search for continuous gravitational wave (CW) signals emitted by spinning neutron stars located in the inner parsecs of the Galactic Center (GC). Compelling evidence for the presence of a numerous population of neutron stars has been reported in the literature, turning this region into a very interesting place to look for CWs. In this search, data from the full O3 LIGO--Virgo run in the detector frequency band $[10,2000]\rm~Hz$ have been used. No significant detection was found and 95$\%$ confidence level upper limits on the signal strain amplitude were computed, over the full search band, with the deepest limit of about $7.6\times 10^{-26}$ at $\simeq 142\rm~Hz$. These results are significantly more constraining than those reported in previous searches. We use these limits to put constraints on the fiducial neutron star ellipticity and r-mode amplitude. These limits can be also translated into constraints in the black hole mass -- boson mass plane for a hypothetical population of boson clouds around spinning black holes located in the GC.

preprint2022arXiv

Search for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars in O3 LIGO data

Results are presented of searches for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars with accurately measured spin frequencies and orbital parameters, using data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The search algorithm uses a hidden Markov model, where the transition probabilities allow the frequency to wander according to an unbiased random walk, while the $\mathcal{J}$-statistic maximum-likelihood matched filter tracks the binary orbital phase. Three narrow sub-bands are searched for each target, centered on harmonics of the measured spin frequency. The search yields 16 candidates, consistent with a false alarm probability of 30% per sub-band and target searched. These candidates, along with one candidate from an additional target-of-opportunity search done for SAX J1808.4$-$3658, which was in outburst during one month of the observing run, cannot be confidently associated with a known noise source. Additional follow-up does not provide convincing evidence that any are a true astrophysical signal. When all candidates are assumed non-astrophysical, upper limits are set on the maximum wave strain detectable at 95% confidence, $h_0^{95\%}$. The strictest constraint is $h_0^{95\%} = 4.7\times 10^{-26}$ from IGR J17062$-$6143. Constraints on the detectable wave strain from each target lead to constraints on neutron star ellipticity and $r$-mode amplitude, the strictest of which are $ε^{95\%} = 3.1\times 10^{-7}$ and $α^{95\%} = 1.8\times 10^{-5}$ respectively. This analysis is the most comprehensive and sensitive search of continuous gravitational waves from accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars to date.

preprint2022arXiv

Search for massive long-lived particles decaying semileptonically at sqrt(s)=13 TeV

A search is performed for massive long-lived particles (LLP) decaying semileptonically into a muon and two quarks. Two kinds of LLP production processes were considered. In the first, a Higgs-like boson with mass from 30 to 200 GeV is produced by gluon fusion and decays into two LLPs. The analysis covers LLP mass values from 10 GeV up to about one half the Higgs-like boson mass. The second LLP production mode is directly from quark interactions, with LLP masses from 10 to 90 GeV. The LLP lifetimes considered range from 5 to 200 ps. This study uses LHCb data collected from proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 1/fb. No evidence of these long-lived states has been observed, and upper limits on the production cross-section times branching ratio have been set for each model considered.

preprint2022arXiv

Search for Relativistic Magnetic Monopoles with Eight Years of IceCube Data

We present an all-sky 90\% confidence level upper limit on the cosmic flux of relativistic magnetic monopoles using 2886 days of IceCube data. The analysis was optimized for monopole speeds between 0.750$c$ and 0.995$c$, without any explicit restriction on the monopole mass. We constrain the flux of relativistic cosmic magnetic monopoles to a level below $2.0\times 10^{-19} {\textrm{cm}}^{-2} {\textrm{s}}^{-1} {\textrm{sr}}^{-1}$ over the majority of the targeted speed range. This result constitutes the most strict upper limit to date for magnetic monopoles above the Cherenkov threshold and up to $β\sim 0.995$ and fills the gap between existing limits on the cosmic flux of non-relativistic and ultrarelativistic magnetic monopoles

preprint2022arXiv

Search for Spatial Correlations of Neutrinos with Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays

For several decades, the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been an unsolved question of high-energy astrophysics. One approach for solving this puzzle is to correlate UHECRs with high-energy neutrinos, since neutrinos are a direct probe of hadronic interactions of cosmic rays and are not deflected by magnetic fields. In this paper, we present three different approaches for correlating the arrival directions of neutrinos with the arrival directions of UHECRs. The neutrino data is provided by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and ANTARES, while the UHECR data with energies above $\sim$50 EeV is provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. All experiments provide increased statistics and improved reconstructions with respect to our previous results reported in 2015. The first analysis uses a high-statistics neutrino sample optimized for point-source searches to search for excesses of neutrinos clustering in the vicinity of UHECR directions. The second analysis searches for an excess of UHECRs in the direction of the highest-energy neutrinos. The third analysis searches for an excess of pairs of UHECRs and highest-energy neutrinos on different angular scales. None of the analyses has found a significant excess, and previously reported over-fluctuations are reduced in significance. Based on these results, we further constrain the neutrino flux spatially correlated with UHECRs.

preprint2022arXiv

Search for the decay $B^0\toϕμ^+μ^-$

A search for the decay $B^0\toϕμ^+μ^-$ is performed using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$. No evidence for the $B^0\to ϕμ^+ μ^-$ decay is found and an upper limit on the branching fraction, excluding the $ϕ$ and charmonium regions in the dimuon spectrum, of $4.4 \times 10^{-3}$ at a 90$\%$ credibility level, relative to that of the $B^0_s \to ϕμ^+ μ^-$ decay, is established. Using the measured $B^0_s\toϕμ^+μ^-$ branching fraction and assuming a phase-space model, the absolute branching fraction of the decay $B^0\to ϕμ^+ μ^-$ in the full $q^2$ range is determined to be less than $3.2 \times 10^{-9}$ at a 90$\%$ credibility level.

preprint2022arXiv

Search for the radiative $Ξ_b^-\toΞ^-γ$ decay

The first search for the rare radiative decay $Ξ_b^- \to Ξ^- γ$ is performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb$^{-1}$. The $Ξ_b- \to Ξ^- J/ψ$ channel is used as normalization. No $Ξ_b^- \to Ξ^- γ$ signal is found and an upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(Ξ_b^- \to Ξ^- γ) < 1.3 \times 10^{-4}$ at 95% confidence level is obtained.

preprint2022arXiv

Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in the Second and Third LIGO-Virgo Observing Runs

We present a targeted search for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from 236 pulsars using data from the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo (O3) combined with data from the second observing run (O2). Searches were for emission from the $l=m=2$ mass quadrupole mode with a frequency at only twice the pulsar rotation frequency (single harmonic) and the $l=2, m=1,2$ modes with a frequency of both once and twice the rotation frequency (dual harmonic). No evidence of GWs was found so we present 95\% credible upper limits on the strain amplitudes $h_0$ for the single harmonic search along with limits on the pulsars' mass quadrupole moments $Q_{22}$ and ellipticities $\varepsilon$. Of the pulsars studied, 23 have strain amplitudes that are lower than the limits calculated from their electromagnetically measured spin-down rates. These pulsars include the millisecond pulsars J0437\textminus4715 and J0711\textminus6830 which have spin-down ratios of 0.87 and 0.57 respectively. For nine pulsars, their spin-down limits have been surpassed for the first time. For the Crab and Vela pulsars our limits are factors of $\sim 100$ and $\sim 20$ more constraining than their spin-down limits, respectively. For the dual harmonic searches, new limits are placed on the strain amplitudes $C_{21}$ and $C_{22}$. For 23 pulsars we also present limits on the emission amplitude assuming dipole radiation as predicted by Brans-Dicke theory.

preprint2022arXiv

Searches for rare $B_s^0$ and $B^0$ decays into four muons

Searches for rare $B_s^0$ and $B^0$ decays into four muons are performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 $\text{fb}^{-1}$. Direct decays and decays via light scalar and $J/ψ$ resonances are considered. No evidence for the six decays searched for is found and upper limits at the 95% confidence level on their branching fractions ranging between $1.8\times10^{-10}$ and $2.6\times10^{-9}$ are set.

preprint2022arXiv

Simultaneous determination of CKM angle $γ$ and charm mixing parameters

A combination of measurements sensitive to the $CP$ violation angle $γ$ of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity triangle and to the charm mixing parameters that describe oscillations between $D^0$ and $\bar{D}^0$ mesons is performed. Results from the charm and beauty sectors, based on data collected with the LHCb detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, are combined for the first time. This method provides an improvement on the precision of the charm mixing parameter $y$ by a factor of two with respect to the current world average. The charm mixing parameters are determined to be $x = (0.400^{\,+0.052}_{\,-0.053})\%$ and $y = (0.630^{\,+0.033}_{\,-0.030})\%$. The angle $γ$ is found to be $γ= (65.4^{\,+3.8}_{\,-4.2})^\circ$ and is the most precise determination from a single experiment.

preprint2022arXiv

Snowmass 2021 White Paper on Upgrading SuperKEKB with a Polarized Electron Beam: Discovery Potential and Proposed Implementation

Upgrading the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider with polarized electron beams opens a new program of precision physics at a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. This white paper describes the physics potential of this `Chiral Belle' program. It includes projections for precision measurements of $\sin^2θ_W$ that can be obtained from independent left-right asymmetry measurements of $e^+e^-$ transitions to pairs of electrons, muons, taus, charm and b-quarks. The $\sin^2θ_W$ precision obtainable at SuperKEKB will match that of the LEP/SLC world average, but at the centre-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV. Measurements of the couplings for muons, charm, and $b$-quarks will be substantially improved and the existing $3σ$ discrepancy between the SLC $A_{LR}$ and LEP $A_{FB}^b$ measurements will be addressed. Precision measurements of neutral current universality will be more than an order of magnitude more precise than currently available. As the energy scale is well away from the $Z^0$-pole, the precision measurements will have sensitivity to the presence of a parity-violating dark sector gauge boson, $Z_{\rm dark}$. The program also enables the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment $g-2$ form factor of the $τ$ to be made at an unprecedented level of precision. A precision of $10^{-5}$ level is accessible with 40~ab$^{-1}$ and with more data it would start to approach the $10^{-6}$ level. This technique would provide the most precise information from the third generation about potential new physics explanations of the muon $g-2$ $4σ$ anomaly. Additional $τ$ and QCD physics programs enabled or enhanced with having polarized electron beams are also discussed in this White Paper. This paper includes a summary of the path forward in R&D and next steps required to implement this upgrade and access its exciting discovery potential.

preprint2022arXiv

Study of $Z$ bosons produced in association with charm in the forward region

Events containing a $Z$ boson and a charm jet are studied for the first time in the forward region of proton-proton collisions. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $6 \, {\rm fb}^{-1}$ collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. In events with a $Z$ boson and a jet, the fraction of charm jets is determined in intervals of $Z$-boson rapidity in the range $2.0 < y(Z) < 4.5$. A sizable enhancement is observed in the forward-most $y(Z)$ interval, which could be indicative of a valence-like intrinsic-charm component in the proton wave function.

preprint2022arXiv

Study of charmonium and charmonium-like contributions in $B^+ \rightarrow J/ψηK^+$ decays

A study of $B^+ \rightarrow J/ψηK^+$ decays, followed by $J/ψ\rightarrow μ^+ μ^-$ and $η\rightarrow γγ$, is performed using a dataset collected with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$. The $J/ψη$ mass spectrum is investigated for contributions from charmonia and charmonium-like states. Evidence is found for the $B^+\rightarrow \left( ψ_2(3823) \rightarrow J/ψη\right) K^+$ and $B^+\rightarrow \left( ψ(4040) \rightarrow J/ψη\right) K^+$ decays with significance of 3.4 and 4.7~standard deviations, respectively. This constitutes the~first~evidence for the $ψ_2(3823) \rightarrow J/ψη$ decay.

preprint2022arXiv

Study of the doubly charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}^+$

An exotic narrow state in the $D^0D^0π^+$ mass spectrum just below the $D^{*+}D^0$ mass threshold is studied using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$ acquired with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The state is consistent with the ground isoscalar $T^+_{cc}$ tetraquark with a quark content of $cc\bar{u}\bar{d}$ and spin-parity quantum numbers $\mathrm{J}^{\mathrm{P}}=1^+$. Study of the $DD$ mass spectra disfavours interpretation of the resonance as the isovector state. The decay structure via intermediate off-shell $D^{*+}$ mesons is confirmed by the $D^0π^+$ mass distribution. The mass of the resonance and its coupling to the $D^{*}D$ system are analysed. Resonance parameters including the pole position, scattering length, effective range and compositeness are measured to reveal important information about the nature of the $T^+_{cc}$ state. In addition, an unexpected dependence of the production rate on track multiplicity is observed.

preprint2022arXiv

Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays

The Standard Model of particle physics currently provides our best description of fundamental particles and their interactions. The theory predicts that the different charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau, have identical electroweak interaction strengths. Previous measurements have shown a wide range of particle decays are consistent with this principle of lepton universality. This article presents evidence for the breaking of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations, based on proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are of processes in which a beauty meson transforms into a strange meson with the emission of either an electron and a positron, or a muon and an antimuon. If confirmed by future measurements, this violation of lepton universality would imply physics beyond the Standard Model, such as a new fundamental interaction between quarks and leptons.

preprint2022arXiv

Tests of lepton universality using $B^0\to K^0_S \ell^+ \ell^-$ and $B^+\to K^{*+} \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays

Tests of lepton universality in $B^0\to K^0_S \ell^+ \ell^-$ and $B^+\to K^{*+} \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays where $\ell$ is either an electron or a muon are presented. The differential branching fractions of $B^0\to K^0_S e^+ e^-$ and $B^+\to K^{*+} e^+ e^-$ decays are measured in intervals of the dilepton invariant mass squared. The measurements are performed using proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\, \mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. The results are consistent with the Standard Model and previous tests of lepton universality in related decay modes. The first observation of $B^0 \to K^0_S e^+ e^-$ and $B^+ \to K^{*+} e^+ e^-$ decays is reported.

preprint2022arXiv

The Proton Spin Structure Function $g_2$ and Generalized Polarizabilities in the Strong QCD Regime

The strong interaction is not well understood at low energy, or for interactions with low momentum transfer $Q^2$, but one of the clearest insights we have comes from Chiral Perturbation Theory ($χ$PT). This effective treatment gives testable predictions for the nucleonic generalized polarizabilities -- fundamental quantities describing the nucleon's response to an external field. We have measured the proton's generalized spin polarizabilities in the region where $χ$PT is expected to be valid. Our results include the first ever data for the transverse-longitudinal spin polarizability $δ_{LT}$, and also extend the coverage of the polarizability $\bar{d_2}$ to very low $Q^2$ for the first time. These results were extracted from moments of the structure function $g_2$, a quantity which characterizes the internal spin structure of the proton. Our experiment ran at Jefferson Lab using a polarized electron beam and a polarized solid ammonia (NH$_3$) target. The $δ_{LT}$ polarizability has remained a challenging quantity for $χ$PT to reproduce, despite its reduced sensitivity to higher resonance contributions; recent competing calculations still disagree with each other and also diverge from the measured neutron data at very low $Q^2$. Our proton results provide discriminating power between existing calculations, and will help provide a better understanding of this strong QCD regime.

preprint2021arXiv

A search for neutrino emission from cores of Active Galactic Nuclei

The sources of the majority of the high-energy astrophysical neutrinos observed with the IceCube neutrino telescope at the South Pole are unknown. So far, only a gamma-ray blazar was compellingly associated with the emission of high-energy neutrinos. In addition, several studies suggest that the neutrino emission from the gamma-ray blazar population only accounts for a small fraction of the total astrophysical neutrino flux. In this work we probe the production of high-energy neutrinos in the cores of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), induced by accelerated cosmic rays in the accretion disk region. We present a likelihood analysis based on eight years of IceCube data, searching for a cumulative neutrino signal from three AGN samples created for this work. The neutrino emission is assumed to be proportional to the accretion disk luminosity estimated from the soft X-ray flux. Next to the observed soft X-ray flux, the objects for the three samples have been selected based on their radio emission and infrared color properties. For the largest sample in this search, an excess of high-energy neutrino events with respect to an isotropic background of atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos is found, corresponding to a post-trial significance of 2.60$σ$. Assuming a power-law spectrum, the best-fit spectral index is $2.03^{+0.14}_{-0.11}$, consistent with expectations from particle acceleration in astrophysical sources. If interpreted as a genuine signal with the assumptions of a proportionality of X-ray and neutrino fluxes and a model for the sub-threshold flux distribution, this observation implies that at 100 TeV, 27$\%$ - 100$\%$ of the observed neutrinos arise from particle acceleration in the core of AGN.

preprint2021arXiv

All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

After the detection of gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, the search for transient gravitational-wave signals with less well-defined waveforms for which matched filtering is not well-suited is one of the frontiers for gravitational-wave astronomy. Broadly classified into "short" $ \lesssim 1~$\,s and "long" $ \gtrsim 1~$\,s duration signals, these signals are expected from a variety of astrophysical processes, including non-axisymmetric deformations in magnetars or eccentric binary black hole coalescences. In this work, we present a search for long-duration gravitational-wave transients from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's third observing run from April 2019 to March 2020. For this search, we use minimal assumptions for the sky location, event time, waveform morphology, and duration of the source. The search covers the range of $2~\text{--}~ 500$~s in duration and a frequency band of $24 - 2048$ Hz. We find no significant triggers within this parameter space; we report sensitivity limits on the signal strength of gravitational waves characterized by the root-sum-square amplitude $h_{\mathrm{rss}}$ as a function of waveform morphology. These $h_{\mathrm{rss}}$ limits improve upon the results from the second observing run by an average factor of 1.8.

preprint2021arXiv

All-sky search for short gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

This paper presents the results of a search for generic short-duration gravitational-wave transients in data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. Transients with durations of milliseconds to a few seconds in the 24--4096 Hz frequency band are targeted by the search, with no assumptions made regarding the incoming signal direction, polarization or morphology. Gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences that have been identified by other targeted analyses are detected, but no statistically significant evidence for other gravitational wave bursts is found. Sensitivities to a variety of signals are presented. These include updated upper limits on the source rate-density as a function of the characteristic frequency of the signal, which are roughly an order of magnitude better than previous upper limits. This search is sensitive to sources radiating as little as $\sim$10$^{-10} M_{\odot} c^2$ in gravitational waves at $\sim$70 Hz from a distance of 10~kpc, with 50\% detection efficiency at a false alarm rate of one per century. The sensitivity of this search to two plausible astrophysical sources is estimated: neutron star f-modes, which may be excited by pulsar glitches, as well as selected core-collapse supernova models.

preprint2021arXiv

All-sky, all-frequency directional search for persistent gravitational-waves from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs

We present the first results from an all-sky all-frequency (ASAF) search for an anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background using the data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Upper limit maps on broadband anisotropies of a persistent stochastic background were published for all observing runs of the LIGO-Virgo detectors. However, a broadband analysis is likely to miss narrowband signals as the signal-to-noise ratio of a narrowband signal can be significantly reduced when combined with detector output from other frequencies. Data folding and the computationally efficient analysis pipeline, {\tt PyStoch}, enable us to perform the radiometer map-making at every frequency bin. We perform the search at 3072 {\tt{HEALPix}} equal area pixels uniformly tiling the sky and in every frequency bin of width $1/32$~Hz in the range $20-1726$~Hz, except for bins that are likely to contain instrumental artefacts and hence are notched. We do not find any statistically significant evidence for the existence of narrowband gravitational-wave signals in the analyzed frequency bins. Therefore, we place $95\%$ confidence upper limits on the gravitational-wave strain for each pixel-frequency pair, the limits are in the range $(0.030 - 9.6) \times10^{-24}$. In addition, we outline a method to identify candidate pixel-frequency pairs that could be followed up by a more sensitive (and potentially computationally expensive) search, e.g., a matched-filtering-based analysis, to look for fainter nearly monochromatic coherent signals. The ASAF analysis is inherently independent of models describing any spectral or spatial distribution of power. We demonstrate that the ASAF results can be appropriately combined over frequencies and sky directions to successfully recover the broadband directional and isotropic results.

preprint2021arXiv

Constraints on the $K^0_{\mathrm{S}}\rightarrowμ^{+}μ^{-}$ branching fraction

A search for the decay $K^0_{\mathrm{S}}\rightarrowμ^{+}μ^{-}$ is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.6\,\text{fb}^{-1}$ and collected with the LHCb experiment during 2016, 2017 and 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of $13\,\mathrm{TeV}$. The observed signal yield is consistent with zero, yielding an upper limit of ${\cal B}(K^0_{\mathrm{S}}\rightarrowμ^{+}μ^{-}) < 2.2 \times 10^{-10}$ at 90% CL. The limit reduces to ${\cal B}(K^0_{\mathrm{S}}\rightarrowμ^{+}μ^{-}) < 2.1 \times 10^{-10}$ at 90% CL once combined with the result from data taken in 2011 and 2012.

preprint2021arXiv

Cross section measurements of the $e^+e^-\to D^{+}D^{-}$ and $e^+e^-\to D^{*+}D^{-}$ processes at center-of-mass energies from 4.085 to 4.600 GeV

The Born cross sections of the $e^+e^-\to D^{*+}D^{*-}$ and $e^+e^-\to D^{*+}D^{-}$ processes are measured using $e^+e^-$ collision data collected with the BESIII experiment at center-of-mass energies from 4.085 to 4.600 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $15.7~{\rm fb}^{-1}$. The results are consistent with and more precise than the previous measurements by the Belle, Babar and CLEO collaborations. The measurements are essential for understanding the nature of vector charmonium and charmonium-like states.

preprint2021arXiv

Detection of a particle shower at the Glashow resonance with IceCube

The Glashow resonance describes the resonant formation of a $W^-$ boson during the interaction of a high-energy electron antineutrino with an electron, peaking at an antineutrino energy of 6.3 petaelectronvolts (PeV) in the rest frame of the electron. Whereas this energy scale is out of reach for currently operating and future planned particle accelerators, natural astrophysical phenomena are expected to produce antineutrinos with energies beyond the PeV scale. Here we report the detection by the IceCube neutrino observatory of a cascade of high-energy particles (a particle shower) consistent with being created at the Glashow resonance. A shower with an energy of $6.05 \pm 0.72$ PeV (determined from Cherenkov radiation in the Antarctic Ice Sheet) was measured. Features consistent with the production of secondary muons in the particle shower indicate the hadronic decay of a resonant $W^-$ boson, confirm that the source is astrophysical and provide improved directional localization. The evidence of the Glashow resonance suggests the presence of electron antineutrinos in the astrophysical flux, while also providing further validation of the standard model of particle physics. Its unique signature indicates a method of distinguishing neutrinos from antineutrinos, thus providing a way to identify astronomical accelerators that produce neutrinos via hadronuclear or photohadronic interactions, with or without strong magnetic fields. As such, knowledge of both the flavour (that is, electron, muon or tau neutrinos) and charge (neutrino or antineutrino) will facilitate the advancement of neutrino astronomy.

preprint2021arXiv

First observation of the decay $B_s^0 \to K^-μ^+ν_μ$ and a measurement of $|V_{ub}|/|V_{cb}|$

The first observation of the suppressed semileptonic $B_s^0 \to K^-μ^+ν_μ$ decay is reported. Using a data sample recorded in {\it pp} collisions in 2012 with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$, the branching fraction \mbox{$\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \to K^-μ^+ν_μ)$} is measured to be $(1.06\pm0.05~(\mathrm{stat})\pm0.08~(\mathrm{syst}))\times 10^{-4}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one represents the combined systematic uncertainties. The decay $B_s^0 \to D_s^-μ^+ν_μ$, where $D_s^-$ is reconstructed in the final state $K^+K^-π^-$, is used as a normalization channel to minimize the experimental systematic uncertainty. Theoretical calculations on the form factors of the $B_s^0 \to K^-$ and $B_s^0 \to D_s^-$ transitions are employed to determine the ratio of the CKM matrix elements ${|V_{ub}|}/{|V_{cb}|}$ at low and high $B_s^0 \to K^-$ momentum transfer.

preprint2021arXiv

GECAM detection of a bright type-I X-ray burst from 4U 0614+09: confirmation its spin frequency at 413 Hz

One month after launching Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM), a bright thermonuclear X-ray burst from 4U~0614+09, was observed on January 24, 2021. We report the time-resolved spectroscopy of the burst and a burst oscillation detection at 413 Hz with a fractional amplitude 3.4\% (rms). This coincides with the burst oscillation previously discovered with \textit{Swift}/BAT \citep{Strohmayer2008}, and therefore confirms the spin frequency of this source. This burst is the brightest one in the normal bursts (except the superburst) ever detected from 4U~0614+09, which leads to an upper limit of distance estimation as 3.1 kpc. The folded light curve during the burst oscillation shows a multi-peak structure, which is the first case observed during a single burst oscillation in nonpulsating sources. The multi-peak profile could be due to additional harmonics of the burst oscillation, which is corresponding to several brighter/fainter spots at the stellar surface.

preprint2021arXiv

IceCube Data for Neutrino Point-Source Searches Years 2008-2018

IceCube has performed several all-sky searches for point-like neutrino sources using track-like events, including a recent time-integrated analysis using 10 years of IceCube data. This paper accompanies the public data release of these neutrino candidates detected by IceCube between April 6, 2008 and July 8, 2018. The selection includes through-going tracks, primarily due to muon neutrino candidates, that reach the detector from all directions, as well as neutrino track events that start within the instrumented volume. An updated selection and reconstruction for data taken after April 2012 slightly improves the sensitivity of the sample. While more than 80% of the sample overlaps between the old and new versions, differing events can lead to changes relative to the previous 7 year event selection. An a posteriori estimate of the significance of the 2014-2015 TXS flare is reported with an explanation of observed discrepancies with previous results. This public data release, which includes 10 years of data and binned detector response functions for muon neutrino signal events, shows improved sensitivity in generic time-integrated point source analyses and should be preferred over previous releases.

preprint2021arXiv

Improved Characterization of the Astrophysical Muon-Neutrino Flux with 9.5 Years of IceCube Data

We present a measurement of the high-energy astrophysical muon-neutrino flux with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The measurement uses a high-purity selection of ~650k neutrino-induced muon tracks from the Northern celestial hemisphere, corresponding to 9.5 years of experimental data. With respect to previous publications, the measurement is improved by the increased size of the event sample and the extended model testing beyond simple power-law hypotheses. An updated treatment of systematic uncertainties and atmospheric background fluxes has been implemented based on recent models. The best-fit single power-law parameterization for the astrophysical energy spectrum results in a normalization of $ϕ_{\mathrm{@100TeV}}^{ν_μ+\barν_μ} = 1.44_{-0.26}^{+0.25} \times 10^{-18}\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}\mathrm{sr}^{-1}$ and a spectral index $γ_{\mathrm{SPL}} = 2.37_{-0.09}^{+0.09}$, constrained in the energy range from $15\,\mathrm{TeV}$ to $5\,\mathrm{PeV}$. The model tests include a single power law with a spectral cutoff at high energies, a log-parabola model, several source-class specific flux predictions from the literature and a model-independent spectral unfolding. The data is well consistent with a single power law hypothesis, however, spectra with softening above one PeV are statistically more favorable at a two sigma level.

preprint2021arXiv

Measurement of branching fraction ratios for $B^+\to D^{+}D^-K^+$, $B^+\to D^{-}D^+K^+$, and $B^0\to D^{*-}D^0K^+$ decays

A measurement of four branching-fraction ratios for three-body decays of $B$ mesons involving two open-charm hadrons in the final state is presented. Run 1 and Run 2 $pp$ collision data are used, recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies $7$, $8$, and $13$ TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9$ fb$^{-1}$. The measured branching-fraction ratios are \[ \begin{eqnarray} \frac{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to D^{*+}D^-K^+)}{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to \kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em D}{}^0 D^0 K^+)} &=& 0.517 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.013 \pm 0.011 , \\ \frac{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to D^{*-}D^+K^+)}{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to \kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em D}{}^0 D^0 K^+)} &=& 0.577 \pm 0.016 \pm 0.013 \pm 0.013 , \\ \frac{\mathcal{B} (B^0\to D^{*-}D^0K^+)}{\mathcal{B} (B^0\to D^- D^0 K^+)} &=& 1.754 \pm 0.028 \pm 0.016 \pm 0.035 , \\ \frac{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to D^{*+}D^-K^+)}{\mathcal{B} (B^+\to D^{*-}D^+K^+)} &=& 0.907 \pm 0.033 \pm 0.014 ,\end{eqnarray} \] where the first of the uncertainties is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainties on the $D$-meson branching fractions. These are the most accurate measurements of these ratios to date.

preprint2021arXiv

Measurement of CP violation in the decay $B^{+} \rightarrow K^{+} π^{0}$

A measurement of direct CP violation in the decay $B^{+} \rightarrow K^{+} π^{0}$ is reported using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 $\textrm{fb}^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The CP asymmetry is measured to be $0.025 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.006 \pm 0.003$, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to an external input, respectively. This is the most precise measurement of the CP asymmetry in the decay $B^{+} \rightarrow K^{+} π^{0}$ and exceeds the precision on the current world average. This direct CP asymmetry is a key input to studies of a long-standing anomaly in $B$ meson decays, known as the $Kπ$-puzzle. The asymmetry is consistent with the previous measurements of this quantity, confirming and significantly enhancing the observed anomalous difference between the direct CP asymmetries of the $B^{0} \rightarrow K^{+} π^{-}$ and $B^{+} \rightarrow K^{+} π^{0}$ decays.

preprint2021arXiv

Measurement of differential $b\bar{b}$- and $c\bar{c}$-dijet cross-sections in the forward region of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13 ~ \mathrm{TeV}$

The inclusive $b \bar{b}$- and $c \bar{c}$-dijet production cross-sections in the forward region of $pp$ collisions are measured using a data sample collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.6 fb$^{-1}$. Differential cross-sections are measured as a function of the transverse momentum and of the pseudorapidity of the leading jet, of the rapidity difference between the jets, and of the dijet invariant mass. A fiducial region for the measurement is defined by requiring that the two jets originating from the two $b$ or $c$ quarks are emitted with transverse momentum greater than 20 GeV$/c$, pseudorapidity in the range $2.2 < η< 4.2$, and with a difference in the azimuthal angle between the two jets greater than 1.5. The integrated $b \bar{b}$-dijet cross-section is measured to be $53.0 \pm 9.7$ nb, and the total $c \bar{c}$-dijet cross-section is measured to be $73 \pm 16$ nb. The ratio between $c \bar{c}$- and $b \bar{b}$-dijet cross-sections is also measured and found to be $1.37 \pm 0.27$. The results are in agreement with theoretical predictions at next-to-leading order.

preprint2021arXiv

Measurement of the CKM angle $γ$ in $B^\pm\to D K^\pm$ and $B^\pm \to D π^\pm$ decays with $D \to K_\mathrm S^0 h^+ h^-$

A measurement of $CP$-violating observables is performed using the decays $B^\pm\to D K^\pm$ and $B^\pm\to D π^\pm$, where the $D$ meson is reconstructed in one of the self-conjugate three-body final states $K_{\mathrm S}π^+π^-$ and $K_{\mathrm S}K^+K^-$ (commonly denoted $K_{\mathrm S} h^+h^-$). The decays are analysed in bins of the $D$-decay phase space, leading to a measurement that is independent of the modelling of the $D$-decay amplitude. The observables are interpreted in terms of the CKM angle $γ$. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\,\text{fb}^{-1}$ collected in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of $7$, $8$, and $13\,\text{TeV}$ with the LHCb experiment, $γ$ is measured to be $\left(68.7^{+5.2}_{-5.1}\right)^\circ$. The hadronic parameters $r_B^{DK}$, $r_B^{Dπ}$, $δ_B^{DK}$, and $δ_B^{Dπ}$, which are the ratios and strong-phase differences of the suppressed and favoured $B^\pm$ decays, are also reported.

preprint2021arXiv

Measurement of the shape of the $B_s^0\rightarrow D_s^{*-}μ^{+}ν_μ$ differential decay rate

The shape of the $B_s^0\rightarrow D_s^{*-}μ^+ν_μ$ differential decay rate is obtained as a function of the hadron recoil using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb detector. The $B_s^0\rightarrow D_s^{*-}μ^+ν_μ$ decay is reconstructed through the decays $D_s^{*-}\rightarrow D_s^{-}γ$ and $D_s^{-}\rightarrow K^-K^+π^-$. The differential decay rate is fitted with the Caprini-Lellouch-Neubert (CLN) and Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed (BGL) parametrisations of the form factors, and the relevant quantities for both are extracted.

preprint2021arXiv

Observation of a new $Ξ_b^0$ state

Using a proton-proton collision data sample collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb$^{-1}$, the observation of a new excited $Ξ_b^0$ resonance decaying to the $Ξ_b^-π^+$ final state is presented. The state, referred to as $Ξ_b(6227)^0$, has a measured mass and natural width of $m(Ξ_b(6227)^0) = 6227.1^{\,+1.4}_{\,-1.5}\pm0.5$ MeV, $Γ(Ξ_b(6227)^0) = 18.6^{\,+5.0}_{\,-4.1}\pm1.4$ MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic. The production rate of the $Ξ_b(6227)^0$ state relative to that of the $Ξ_b^-$ baryon in the kinematic region $2<η<5$ and $p_{\rm T}<30$ GeV is measured to be $\frac{f_{Ξ_b(6227)^0}}{f_{Ξ_b^-}}{\mathcal{B}}(Ξ_b(6227)^0\toΞ_b^-π^+) = 0.045\pm0.008\pm0.004$, where ${\mathcal{B}}(Ξ_b(6227)^0\toΞ_b^-π^+)$ is the branching fraction of the decay, and $f_{Ξ_b(6227)^0}$ and $f_{Ξ_b^-}$ represent fragmentation fractions. Improved measurements of the mass and natural width of the previously observed $Ξ_b(6227)^-$ state, along with the mass of the $Ξ_b^-$ baryon, are also reported. Both measurements are significantly more precise than, and consistent with, previously reported values.

preprint2021arXiv

Observation of the $\varLambda^0_b \to \varLambda^+_c K^+ K^- π^-$ decay

The $\varLambda^0_b \to \varLambda^+_c K^+ K^- π^-$ decay is observed for the first time using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 8 $\rm{TeV}$ collected by the $\mbox{LHCb}$ detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3{\rm{fb}^{-1}}$. The ratio of branching fractions between the $\varLambda^0_b \to \varLambda^+_c K^+ K^- π^-$ and the $\varLambda^{0}_{b}\to\varLambda^{+}_{c}D^{-}_{s}$ decays is measured to be \begin{equation*} \frac{\mathcal{B} ( \varLambda^0_b \to \varLambda^+_c K^+ K^- π^-) } {\mathcal{B} ( \varLambda^0_b \to \varLambda^+_c D^-_s)} = (9.26 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.46 \pm 0.26)\times10^{-2}, \end{equation*} where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is due to the knowledge of the $D^-_s \to K^+ K^- π^-$ branching fraction. No structure on the invariant mass distribution of the $\varLambda^+_c K^+$ system is found, consistent with no open-charm pentaquark signature.

preprint2021arXiv

On quasi-similarity of multiplication operator on the weighted Bergman space in the unit ball

For $α>-1$, let $A_α^2(\mathbb{B}_N)$ be the weighted Bergman space on the unit ball $\mathbb{B}_N$ in $\mathbb{C}^N$. In this paper, we prove that the multiplication operator $M_{z^n}$ is quasi-similar to $\oplus_1^{\prod_{i=1}^N n_i}M_z$ on $A_α^2(\mathbb{B}_N)$ for the multi-index $n=(n_1,n_2,\cdots,n_N)$.

preprint2021arXiv

Overview of KAGRA: Calibration, detector characterization, physical environmental monitors, and the geophysics interferometer

KAGRA is a newly built gravitational wave observatory, a laser interferometer with a 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. In this series of articles, we present an overview of the baseline KAGRA, for which we finished installing the designed configuration in 2019. This article describes the method of calibration (CAL) used for reconstructing gravitational wave signals from the detector outputs, as well as the characterization of the detector (DET). We also review the physical environmental monitors (PEM) system and the geophysics interferometer (GIF). Both are used for characterizing and evaluating the data quality of the gravitational wave channel. They play important roles in utilizing the detector output for gravitational wave searches. These characterization investigations will be even more important in the near future, once gravitational wave detection has been achieved, and in using KAGRA in the gravitational wave astronomy era.

preprint2021arXiv

Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by Fermi and Swift During the LIGO-Virgo Run O3b

We search for gravitational-wave signals associated with gamma-ray bursts detected by the Fermi and Swift satellites during the second half of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (1 November 2019 15:00 UTC-27 March 2020 17:00 UTC).We conduct two independent searches: a generic gravitational-wave transients search to analyze 86 gamma-ray bursts and an analysis to target binary mergers with at least one neutron star as short gamma-ray burst progenitors for 17 events. We find no significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with any of these gamma-ray bursts. A weighted binomial test of the combined results finds no evidence for sub-threshold gravitational wave signals associated with this GRB ensemble either. We use several source types and signal morphologies during the searches, resulting in lower bounds on the estimated distance to each gamma-ray burst. Finally, we constrain the population of low luminosity short gamma-ray bursts using results from the first to the third observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. The resulting population is in accordance with the local binary neutron star merger rate.

preprint2021arXiv

Search for High-Energy Neutrinos from Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies with IceCube

Ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) have infrared luminosities $L_{\mathrm{IR}} \geq 10^{12} L_{\odot}$, making them the most luminous objects in the infrared sky. These dusty objects are generally powered by starbursts with star-formation rates that exceed $100~ M_{\odot}~ \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, possibly combined with a contribution from an active galactic nucleus. Such environments make ULIRGs plausible sources of astrophysical high-energy neutrinos, which can be observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole. We present a stacking search for high-energy neutrinos from a representative sample of 75 ULIRGs with redshift $z \leq 0.13$ using 7.5 years of IceCube data. The results are consistent with a background-only observation, yielding upper limits on the neutrino flux from these 75 ULIRGs. For an unbroken $E^{-2.5}$ power-law spectrum, we report an upper limit on the stacked flux $Φ_{ν_μ+ \barν_μ}^{90\%} = 3.24 \times 10^{-14}~ \mathrm{TeV^{-1}~ cm^{-2}~ s^{-1}}~ (E/10~ \mathrm{TeV})^{-2.5}$ at 90% confidence level. In addition, we constrain the contribution of the ULIRG source population to the observed diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux as well as model predictions.

preprint2021arXiv

Search for subsolar-mass binaries in the first half of Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run

We report on a search for compact binary coalescences where at least one binary component has a mass between 0.2 $M_\odot$ and 1.0 $M_\odot$ in Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo data collected between 1 April 2019 1500 UTC and 1 October 2019 1500 UTC. We extend previous analyses in two main ways: we include data from the Virgo detector and we allow for more unequal mass systems, with mass ratio $q \geq 0.1$. We do not report any gravitational-wave candidates. The most significant trigger has a false alarm rate of 0.14 $\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. This implies an upper limit on the merger rate of subsolar binaries in the range $[220-24200] \mathrm{Gpc}^{-3} \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, depending on the chirp mass of the binary. We use this upper limit to derive astrophysical constraints on two phenomenological models that could produce subsolar-mass compact objects. One is an isotropic distribution of equal-mass primordial black holes. Using this model, we find that the fraction of dark matter in primordial black holes is $f_\mathrm{PBH} \equiv Ω_\mathrm{PBH} / Ω_\mathrm{DM} \lesssim 6\%$. The other is a dissipative dark matter model, in which fermionic dark matter can collapse and form black holes. The upper limit on the fraction of dark matter black holes depends on the minimum mass of the black holes that can be formed: the most constraining result is obtained at $M_\mathrm{min}=1 M_\odot$, where $f_\mathrm{DBH} \equiv Ω_\mathrm{PBH} / Ω_\mathrm{DM} \lesssim 0.003\%$. These are the tightest limits on spinning subsolar-mass binaries to date.

preprint2021arXiv

Search for the doubly charmed baryon $\itΞ_{cc}^{+}$ in the $\itΞ_{c}^{+} π^{-} π^{+}$ final state

A search for the doubly charmed baryon $\itΞ_{cc}^{+}$ is performed in the $\itΞ_{c}^{+} π^{-} π^{+}$ invariant-mass spectrum, where the $\itΞ_{c}^{+}$ baryon is reconstructed in the $p K^{-} π^{+}$ final state. The study uses proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 13$\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 5.4$\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. No significant signal is observed in the invariant-mass range of 3.4$-$3.8$\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V}/c^2$. Upper limits are set on the ratio of branching fractions multiplied by the production cross-section with respect to the $\itΞ_{cc}^{++} \rightarrow (\itΞ_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} π^{+}) π^{+}$ decay for different $\itΞ_{cc}^{+}$ mass and lifetime hypotheses in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and the transverse momentum range from 2.5 to 25$\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V}/c$. The results from this search are combined with a previously published search for the $\itΞ_{cc}^{+} \rightarrow \itΛ_{c}^{+} K^{-} π^{+}$ decay mode, yielding a maximum local significance of 4.0 standard deviations around the mass of 3620$\mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V}/c^2$, including systematic uncertainties. Taking into account the look-elsewhere effect in the 3.5$-$3.7$\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V}/c^2$ mass window, the combined global significance is 2.9 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties.

preprint2021arXiv

Searches for neutrinos from cosmic-ray interactions in the Sun using seven years of IceCube data

Cosmic-ray interactions with the solar atmosphere are expected to produce particle showers which in turn produce neutrinos from weak decays of mesons. These solar atmospheric neutrinos (SA$ν$s) have never been observed experimentally. A detection would be an important step in understanding cosmic-ray propagation in the inner solar system and the dynamics of solar magnetic fields. SA$ν$s also represent an irreducible background to solar dark matter searches and a detection would allow precise characterization of this background. Here, we present the first experimental search based on seven years of data collected from May 2010 to May 2017 in the austral winter with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. An unbinned likelihood analysis is performed for events reconstructed within 5 degrees of the center of the Sun. No evidence for a SA$ν$ flux is observed. After inclusion of systematic uncertainties, we set a 90\% upper limit of $1.02^{+0.20}_{-0.18}\cdot10^{-13}$~$\mathrm{GeV^{-1}cm^{-2}s^{-1}}$ at 1 TeV.

preprint2021arXiv

Study of $B^0_s \rightarrow J/ψπ^+π^-K^+K^-$ decays

The decays $B^0_s \rightarrow J/ψπ^+π^- K^+ K^-$ are studied using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9fb$^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13TeV. The decays $B^0_s \rightarrow J/ψK^{\ast0} \bar{K}^{\ast0}$ and $B^0_s \rightarrow χ_{c1}(3872)K^+K^-$, where the $K^+K^-$ pair does not originate from a $ϕ$ meson, are observed for the first time. Precise measurements of the ratios of branching fractions between intermediate $χ_{c1}(3872)ϕ$, $J/ψK^{\ast0}\bar{K}^{\ast0}$, $ψ(2S)ϕ$ and $χ_{c1}(3872)K^+K^-$ states are reported. A structure, denoted as $X(4740)$, is observed in the $J/ψϕ$ mass spectrum and, assuming a Breit-Wigner parameterisation, its mass and width are determined to be \begin{eqnarray*} m_{X(4740)} & = & 4741 \pm 6 \pm 6\,{\mathrm{MeV}}/c^2 \,, \\ Γ_{X(4740)} & = & 53 \pm 15 \pm 11\,{\mathrm{MeV}} \,, \end{eqnarray*} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. In addition, the most precise single measurement of the mass of the $B^0_s$ meson is performed and gives a value of $$ m_{B^0_s} = 5366.98 \pm 0.07 \pm 0.13\,{\mathrm{MeV}}/c^2\,. $$

preprint2021arXiv

Study of the $B_c^+$ decays into charmonia and three light hadrons

Using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9fb^{-1}$ collected with the LHCb detector, seven decay modes of the $B_c^+$ meson into a $J/ψ$ or $ψ(2S)$ meson and three charged hadrons, kaons or pions, are studied. The decays $B_c^+\rightarrow ( ψ(2S) \rightarrow J/ψπ^+ π^-)π^+ $, $B_c^+\rightarrow ψ(2S)π^+π^+π^-$, $B_c^+\rightarrow J/ψK^+π^+π^-$ and $B_c^+\rightarrow K^+K^+K^-$ are observed for the first time, and evidence for the $B_c^+\rightarrow ψ(2S)K^+K^-π^+$ decay is found, where $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$ mesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay modes. The ratios of branching fractions between the different $B_c^+$ decays are reported as well as the fractions of the decays proceeding via intermediate resonances. The results largely support the factorisation approach used for a theoretical description of the studied decays.

preprint2020arXiv

A 4-Channel 10-Gbps/ch CMOS VCSEL Array Driver with on-chip Charge-pumps

We present the design and test results of a 4-channel 10-Gbps/ch Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser array driver, the cpVLAD. With on-chip charge-pumps to extend the biasing headroom for the VCSELs needed for low temperature operation and mitigation of the radiation effects. The cpVLAD was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology. The test results show that the cpVLAD is capable of driving VCSELs with forward bias voltages as high as 2.8 V from a 2.5 V power supply. The power consumption of the cpVLAD is 94 mW/ch.

preprint2020arXiv

A calibration of the Belle II hadronic tag-side reconstruction algorithm with $B \rightarrow X\ell ν$ decays

Tag-side reconstruction is an important method for reconstructing $B$ meson decays with missing energy. The Belle II tag-side reconstruction algorithm, Full Event Interpretation, relies on a hierarchical reconstruction of $B$ meson decays with multivariate classification employed at each stage of reconstruction. Given the large numbers of classifiers employed and decay chains reconstructed, the performance of the algorithm on data and simulation differs significantly. Here, calibration factors are derived for hadronic tag-side $B$ decays by measuring a signal side decay, $B \rightarrow X\ell ν$, in $34.6$ fb$^{-1}$ of Belle II data. For a very loose selection on the tag-side $B$ multivariate classifier, the calibration factors are $0.65 \pm 0.02$ and $0.83 \pm 0.03$ for tag-side $B^{+}$ and $B^{0}$ mesons, respectively.

preprint2020arXiv

A gigabit transceiver for the ATLAS inner tracker pixel detector readout upgrade

This paper presents the design and simulation results of a gigabit transceiver Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) called GBCR for the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) Pixel detector readout upgrade. GBCR has four upstream receiver channels and a downstream transmitter channel. Each upstream channel operates at 5.12 Gbps, while the downstream channel operates at 2.56 Gbps. In each upstream channel, GBCR equalizes a signal received through a 5-meter 34-American Wire Gauge (AWG) twin-axial cable, retimes the data with a recovered clock, and drives an optical transmitter. In the downstream channel, GBCR receives the data from an optical receiver and drives the same type of cable as the upstream channels. The output jitter of an upstream channel is 26.5 ps and the jitter of the downstream channel after the cable is 33.5 ps. Each upstream channel consumes 78 mW and each downstream channel consumes 27 mW. Simulation results of the upstream test channel suggest that a significant jitter reduction could be achieved with minimally increased power consumption by using a Feed Forward Equalizer (FFE) + Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) in addition to the linear equalization of the baseline channel. GBCR is designed in a 65-nm CMOS technology.

preprint2020arXiv

A search for IceCube events in the direction of ANITA neutrino candidates

During the first three flights of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment, the collaboration detected several neutrino candidates. Two of these candidate events were consistent with an ultra-high-energy up-going air shower and compatible with a tau neutrino interpretation. A third neutrino candidate event was detected in a search for Askaryan radiation in the Antarctic ice, although it is also consistent with the background expectation. The inferred emergence angle of the first two events is in tension with IceCube and ANITA limits on isotropic cosmogenic neutrino fluxes. Here, we test the hypothesis that these events are astrophysical in origin, possibly caused by a point source in the reconstructed direction. Given that any ultra-high-energy tau neutrino flux traversing the Earth should be accompanied by a secondary flux in the TeV-PeV range, we search for these secondary counterparts in seven years of IceCube data using three complementary approaches. In the absence of any significant detection, we set upper limits on the neutrino flux from potential point sources. We compare these limits to ANITA's sensitivity in the same direction and show that an astrophysical explanation of these anomalous events under standard model assumptions is severely constrained regardless of source spectrum.

preprint2020arXiv

A Search for MeV to TeV Neutrinos from Fast Radio Bursts with IceCube

We present two searches for IceCube neutrino events coincident with 28 fast radio bursts (FRBs) and one repeating FRB. The first improves upon a previous IceCube analysis -- searching for spatial and temporal correlation of events with FRBs at energies greater than roughly 50 GeV -- by increasing the effective area by an order of magnitude. The second is a search for temporal correlation of MeV neutrino events with FRBs. No significant correlation is found in either search, therefore, we set upper limits on the time-integrated neutrino flux emitted by FRBs for a range of emission timescales less than one day. These are the first limits on FRB neutrino emission at the MeV scale, and the limits set at higher energies are an order-of-magnitude improvement over those set by any neutrino telescope.

preprint2020arXiv

A TOSA/ROSA-Based Optical Transmitter (MTx+)/Transceiver (MTRx+) for High-Energy Physics Experiments

We present a dual-channel optical transmitter (MTx+)/transceiver (MTRx+) for the front-end readout electronics of high-energy physics experiments. MTx+ utilizes two Transmitter Optical Sub-Assemblies (TOSAs) and MTRx+ utilizes a TOSA and a Receiver Optical Sub-Assemblies (ROSA). Both MTx+ and MTRx+ receive multimode fibers with standard Lucent Connectors (LCs) as the optical interface and can be panel or board mounted to a motherboard with a standard Enhanced Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP+) connector as the electrical interface. MTx+ and MTRx+ employ a dual-channel Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) driver ASIC called LOCld65, which brings the transmitting data rate up to 14 Gbps per channel. MTx+ and MTRx+ have been tested to survive 4.9 kGy(SiO2).

preprint2020arXiv

Amplitude analysis of the $B^+ \rightarrow π^+π^+π^-$ decay

The results of an amplitude analysis of the charmless three-body decay $B^+ \rightarrow π^+π^+π^-$, in which $C\!P$-violation effects are taken into account, are reported. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3 \text{fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. The most challenging aspect of the analysis is the description of the behaviour of the $π^+ π^-$ S-wave contribution, which is achieved by using three complementary approaches based on the isobar model, the K-matrix formalism, and a quasi-model-independent procedure. Additional resonant contributions for all three methods are described using a common isobar model, and include the $ρ(770)^0$, $ω(782)$ and $ρ(1450)^0$ resonances in the $π^+π^-$ P-wave, the $f_2(1270)$ resonance in the $π^+π^-$ D-wave, and the $ρ_3(1690)^0$ resonance in the $π^+π^-$ F-wave. Significant $C\!P$-violation effects are observed in both S- and D-waves, as well as in the interference between the S- and P-waves. The results from all three approaches agree and provide new insight into the dynamics and the origin of $C\!P$-violation effects in $B^+ \rightarrow π^+π^+π^-$ decays.

preprint2020arXiv

ANTARES and IceCube Combined Search for Neutrino Point-like and Extended Sources in the Southern Sky

A search for point-like and extended sources of cosmic neutrinos using data collected by the ANTARES and IceCube neutrino telescopes is presented. The data set consists of all the track-like and shower-like events pointing in the direction of the Southern Sky included in the nine-year ANTARES point-source analysis, combined with the through-going track-like events used in the seven-year IceCube point-source search. The advantageous field of view of ANTARES and the large size of IceCube are exploited to improve the sensitivity in the Southern Sky by a factor $\sim$2 compared to both individual analyses. In this work, the Southern Sky is scanned for possible excesses of spatial clustering, and the positions of preselected candidate sources are investigated. In addition, special focus is given to the region around the Galactic Centre, whereby a dedicated search at the location of SgrA* is performed, and to the location of the supernova remnant RXJ 1713.7-3946. No significant evidence for cosmic neutrino sources is found and upper limits on the flux from the various searches are presented.

preprint2020arXiv

Application of the independent component analysis to the iKAGRA data

We apply the independent component analysis (ICA) to the real data from a gravitational wave detector for the first time. Specifically we use the iKAGRA data taken in April 2016, and calculate the correlations between the gravitational wave strain channel and 35 physical environmental channels. Using a couple of seismic channels which are found to be strongly correlated with the strain, we perform ICA. Injecting a sinusoidal continuous signal in the strain channel, we find that ICA recovers correct parameters with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, which demonstrates usefulness of this method. Among the two implementations of ICA used here, we find the correlation method yields the optimal result for the case environmental noises act on the strain channel linearly.

preprint2020arXiv

Characteristics of the diffuse astrophysical electron and tau neutrino flux with six years of IceCube high energy cascade data

We report on the first measurement of the astrophysical neutrino flux using particle showers (cascades) in IceCube data from 2010 -- 2015. Assuming standard oscillations, the astrophysical neutrinos in this dedicated cascade sample are dominated ($\sim 90 \%$) by electron and tau flavors. The flux, observed in the sensitive energy range from $16\,\mathrm{TeV}$ to $2.6\,\mathrm{PeV}$, is consistent with a single power-law model as expected from Fermi-type acceleration of high energy particles at astrophysical sources. We find the flux spectral index to be $γ=2.53\pm0.07$ and a flux normalization for each neutrino flavor of $ϕ_{astro} = 1.66^{+0.25}_{-0.27}$ at $E_{0} = 100\, \mathrm{TeV}$, in agreement with IceCube's complementary muon neutrino results and with all-neutrino flavor fit results. In the measured energy range we reject spectral indices $γ\leq2.28$ at $\ge3σ$ significance level. Due to high neutrino energy resolution and low atmospheric neutrino backgrounds, this analysis provides the most detailed characterization of the neutrino flux at energies below $\sim100\,{\rm{TeV}}$ compared to previous IceCube results. Results from fits assuming more complex neutrino flux models suggest a flux softening at high energies and a flux hardening at low energies (p-value $\ge 0.06$). The sizable and smooth flux measured below $\sim 100\,{\rm{TeV}}$ remains a puzzle. In order to not violate the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray background as measured by the Fermi-LAT, it suggests the existence of astrophysical neutrino sources characterized by dense environments which are opaque to gamma-rays.

preprint2020arXiv

Characterization of a gigabit transceiver for the ATLAS inner tracker pixel detector readout upgrade

We present a gigabit transceiver prototype Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), GBCR, for the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) Pixel detector readout upgrade. GBCR is designed in a 65-nm CMOS technology and consists of four upstream receiver channels, a downstream transmitter channel, and an Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) slave. The upstream channels receive the data at 5.12 Gbps passing through 5-meter 34-American Wire Gauge (AWG) Twin-axial (Twinax) cables, equalize them, retime them with a recovered clock, and then drive an optical transmitter. The downstream channel receives the data at 2.56 Gbps from an optical receiver and drives the cable as same as the upstream channels. The jitter of the upstream channel output is measured to be 35 ps (peak-peak) when the Clock-Data Recovery (CDR) module is turned on and the jitter of the downstream channel output after the cable is 138 ps (peak-peak). The power consumption of each upstream channel is 72 mW when the CDR module is turned on and the downstream channel consumes 27 mW. GBCR survives the total ionizing dose of 200 kGy.

preprint2020arXiv

Constraints on Neutrino Emission from Nearby Galaxies Using the 2MASS Redshift Survey and IceCube

The distribution of galaxies within the local universe is characterized by anisotropic features. Observatories searching for the production sites of astrophysical neutrinos can take advantage of these features to establish directional correlations between a neutrino dataset and overdensities in the galaxy distribution in the sky. The results of two correlation searches between a seven-year time-integrated neutrino dataset from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, and the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS) catalog are presented here. The first analysis searches for neutrinos produced via interactions between diffuse intergalactic Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) and the matter contained within galaxies. The second analysis searches for low-luminosity sources within the local universe, which would produce subthreshold multiplets in the IceCube dataset that directionally correlate with galaxy distribution. No significant correlations were observed in either analyses. Constraints are presented on the flux of neutrinos originating within the local universe through diffuse intergalactic UHECR interactions, as well as on the density of standard candle sources of neutrinos at low luminosities.

preprint2020arXiv

Determination of quantum numbers for several excited charmed mesons observed in $B^- \to D^{*+} π^- π^-$ decays

A four-body amplitude analysis of the $B^- \to D^{*+} π^- π^-$ decay is performed, where fractions and relative phases of the various resonances contributing to the decay are measured. Several quasi-model-independent analyses are performed aimed at searching for the presence of new states and establishing the quantum numbers of previously observed charmed meson resonances. In particular the resonance parameters and quantum numbers are determined for the $D_1(2420)$, $D_1(2430)$, $D_0(2550)$, $D^*_1(2600)$, $D_2(2740)$ and $D^*_3(2750)$ states. The mixing between the $D_1(2420)$ and $D_1(2430)$ resonances is studied and the mixing parameters are measured. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 $fb^{-1}$, collected in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV with the LHCb detector.

preprint2020arXiv

Development of an analysis to probe the neutrino mass ordering with atmospheric neutrinos using three years of IceCube DeepCore data

The Neutrino Mass Ordering (NMO) remains one of the outstanding questions in the field of neutrino physics. One strategy to measure the NMO is to observe matter effects in the oscillation pattern of atmospheric neutrinos above $\sim 1\,\mathrm{GeV}$, as proposed for several next-generation neutrino experiments. Moreover, the existing IceCube DeepCore detector can already explore this type of measurement. We present rthe development and application of two independent analyses to search for the signature of the NMO with three years of DeepCore data. These analyses include a full treatment of systematic uncertainties and a statistically-rigorous method to determine the significance for the NMO from a fit to the data. Both analyses show that the dataset is fully compatible with both mass orderings. For the more sensitive analysis, we observe a preference for Normal Ordering with a $p$-value of $p_\mathrm{IO} = 15.3\%$ and $\mathrm{CL}_\mathrm{s}=53.3\%$ for the Inverted Ordering hypothesis, while the experimental results from both analyses are consistent within their uncertainties. Since the result is independent of the value of $δ_\mathrm{CP}$ and obtained from energies $E_ν\gtrsim 5\,\mathrm{GeV}$, it is complementary to recent results from long-baseline experiments. These analyses set the groundwork for the future of this measurement with more capable detectors, such as the IceCube Upgrade and the proposed PINGU detector.

preprint2020arXiv

First flavor tagging calibration using 2019 Belle II data

We report on the first calibration of the standard Belle II $B$-flavor tagger using the full data set collected at the $Υ(4{\rm S})$ resonance in 2019 with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider, corresponding to 8.7 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The calibration is performed by reconstructing various hadronic charmed $B$-meson decays with flavor-specific final states. We use simulation to optimize our event selection criteria and to train the flavor tagging algorithm. We determine the tagging efficiency and the fraction of wrongly identified tag-side $B$~candidates from a measurement of the time-integrated $B^0-\overline{B}^0$ mixing probability. The total effective efficiency is measured to be $\varepsilon_{\rm eff} = \big(33.8 \pm 3.6(\text{stat}) \pm 1.6(\text{sys})\big)\%$, which is in good agreement with the predictions from simulation and comparable with the best one obtained by the Belle experiment. The results show a good understanding of the detector performance and offer a basis for future calibrations.

preprint2020arXiv

First observation of excited $Ω_b^-$ states

We report four narrow peaks in the $Ξ_b^0K^-$ mass spectrum obtained using $pp$ collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment. Referring to these states by their mass, the mass values are \begin{align*} m(Ω_b(6316)^-) &= 6315.64\pm0.31\pm0.07\pm0.50 {\rm MeV}, \\ m(Ω_b(6330)^-) &= 6330.30\pm0.28\pm0.07\pm0.50 {\rm MeV}, \\ m(Ω_b(6340)^-) &= 6339.71\pm0.26\pm0.05\pm0.50 {\rm MeV}, \\ m(Ω_b(6350)^-) &= 6349.88\pm0.35\pm0.05\pm0.50 {\rm MeV}, \end{align*}where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and the last is due to the knowledge of the $Ξ_b^0$ mass. The natural widths of the three lower mass states are consistent with zero, and the 90% confidence-level upper limits are determined to be ${Γ(Ω_b(6316)^-)<2.8}$ MeV, ${Γ(Ω_b(6330)^-)<3.1}$ MeV and ${Γ(Ω_b(6340)^-)<1.5}$ MeV. The natural width of the $Ω_b(6350)^-$ peak is $1.4^{+1.0}_{-0.8}\pm0.1$ MeV, which is 2.5$σ$ from zero and corresponds to an upper limit of 2.8 MeV. The peaks have local significances ranging from 3.6$σ$ to 7.2$σ$. After accounting for the look-elsewhere effect, the significances of the $Ω_b(6316)^-$ and $Ω_b(6330)^-$ peaks are reduced to 2.1$σ$ and 2.6$σ$ respectively, while the two higher mass peaks exceed 5$σ$. The observed peaks are consistent with expectations for excited $Ω_b^-$ resonances.

preprint2020arXiv

First observation of the decay $Λ_b^0 \to η_c(1S) p K^-$

The decay $Λ_b^0 \to η_c(1S) p K^-$ is observed for the first time using a data sample of proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.5 $fb^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The branching fraction of the decay is measured, using the $Λ_b^0 \to J/ψp K^-$ decay as a normalization mode, to be $\mathcal{B}(Λ_b^0 \to η_c(1S) p K^-)=(1.06\pm0.16\pm0.06^{+0.22}_{-0.19})\times10^{-4}$, where the quoted uncertainties are statistical, systematic and due to external inputs, respectively. A study of the $η_c(1S) p$ mass spectrum is performed to search for the $P_c(4312)^+$ pentaquark state. No evidence is observed and an upper limit of \begin{equation*} \frac{\mathcal{B}(Λ_b^0 \to P_c(4312)^+ K^-)\times \mathcal{B}(P_c(4312)^+ \to η_c(1S) p)}{\mathcal{B}(Λ_b^0 \to η_c(1S) p K^-)} < 0.24 \end{equation*} is obtained at the 95% confidence level.

preprint2020arXiv

HiCal 2: An instrument designed for calibration of the ANITA experiment and for Antarctic surface reflectivity measurements

The NASA supported High-Altitude Calibration (HiCal)-2 instrument flew as a companion balloon to the ANITA-4 experiment in December 2016. Based on a HV discharge pulser producing radio-frequency (RF) calibration pulses, HiCal-2 comprised two payloads, which flew for a combined 18 days, covering 1.5 revolutions of the Antarctic continent. ANITA-4 captured over 10,000 pulses from HiCal, both direct and reflected from the surface, at distances varying from 100-800 km, providing a large dataset for surface reflectivity measurements. Herein we present details on the design, construction and performance of HiCal-2.

preprint2020arXiv

IceCube Search for High-Energy Neutrino Emission from TeV Pulsar Wind Nebulae

Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are the main gamma-ray emitters in the Galactic plane. They are diffuse nebulae that emit nonthermal radiation. Pulsar winds, relativistic magnetized outflows from the central star, shocked in the ambient medium produce a multiwavelength emission from the radio through gamma rays. Although the leptonic scenario is able to explain most PWNe emission, a hadronic contribution cannot be excluded. A possible hadronic contribution to the high-energy gamma-ray emission inevitably leads to the production of neutrinos. Using 9.5 yr of all-sky IceCube data, we report results from a stacking analysis to search for neutrino emission from 35 PWNe that are high-energy gamma-ray emitters. In the absence of any significant correlation, we set upper limits on the total neutrino emission from those PWNe and constraints on hadronic spectral components.

preprint2020arXiv

IceCube Search for Neutrinos Coincident with Compact Binary Mergers from LIGO-Virgo's First Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog

Using the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, we search for high-energy neutrino emission coincident with compact binary mergers observed by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave (GW) detectors during their first and second observing runs. We present results from two searches targeting emission coincident with the sky localization of each gravitational wave event within a 1000 second time window centered around the reported merger time. One search uses a model-independent unbinned maximum likelihood analysis, which uses neutrino data from IceCube to search for point-like neutrino sources consistent with the sky localization of GW events. The other uses the Low-Latency Algorithm for Multi-messenger Astrophysics, which incorporates astrophysical priors through a Bayesian framework and includes LIGO-Virgo detector characteristics to determine the association between the GW source and the neutrinos. No significant neutrino coincidence is seen by either search during the first two observing runs of the LIGO-Virgo detectors. We set upper limits on the time-integrated neutrino emission within the 1000 second window for each of the 11 GW events. These limits range from 0.02-0.7 $\mathrm{GeV~cm^{-2}}$. We also set limits on the total isotropic equivalent energy, $E_{\mathrm{iso}}$, emitted in high-energy neutrinos by each GW event. These limits range from 1.7 $\times$ 10$^{51}$ - 1.8 $\times$ 10$^{55}$ erg. We conclude with an outlook for LIGO-Virgo observing run O3, during which both analyses are running in real time.

preprint2020arXiv

Isospin amplitudes in $Λ_b^0\to J/ψΛ(Σ^0)$ and $Ξ_b^0\to J/ψΞ^0(Λ)$ decays

Ratios of isospin amplitudes in hadron decays are a useful probe of the interplay between weak and strong interactions, and allow searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We present the first results on isospin amplitudes in $b$-baryon decays, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb$^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector in $pp$ collisions at center of mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The isospin amplitude ratio $|A_1(Λ_b^0\to J/ψΣ^0)/A_0(Λ_b^0\to J/ψΛ)|$, where the subscript on $A$ indicates the final-state isospin, is measured to be less than 1/21.8 at 95\% confidence level. The Cabibbo suppressed $Ξ_b^0\to J/ψΛ$ decay is observed for the first time, allowing for the measurement $|A_0(Ξ_b^0\to J/ψΛ)/A_{1/2}(Ξ_b^0\to J/ψΞ^0)| =0.37 \pm 0.06\pm 0.02$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of $\mathitΞ_{cc}^{++}$ production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

The production of $\mathitΞ_{cc}^{++}$ baryons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV is measured in the transverse-momentum range $4<p_\mathrm{T}<15~\mathrm{GeV}$/$c$ and the rapidity range $2.0<y<4.5$. The data used in this measurement correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$, recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2016. The ratio of the $\mathitΞ_{cc}^{++}$ production cross-section times the branching fraction of the $\mathit{Ξ_{cc}^{++} \to Λ_{c}^{+} K^- π^+ π^+}$ decay relative to the prompt $\mathit{Λ_c^{+}}$ production cross-section is found to be $(2.22\pm 0.27 \pm 0.29)\times 10^{-4}$, assuming the central value of the measured $\mathit{Ξ_{cc}^{++}}$ lifetime, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of $|V_{cb}|$ with $B_s^0 \to D_s^{(*)-} μ^+ ν_μ$ decays

The element $|V_{cb}|$ of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix is measured using semileptonic $B_s^0$ decays produced in proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$. Rates of $B_s^0 \to D_s^{-} μ^+ ν_μ$ and $B_s^0 \to D_s^{*-} μ^+ ν_μ$ decays are analyzed using hadronic form-factor parametrizations derived either by Caprini, Lellouch and Neubert (CLN) or by Boyd, Grinstein and Lebed (BGL). The measured values of $|V_{cb}|$ are ${(41.4 \pm 0.6 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.2)\times 10^{-3}}$ and ${(42.3 \pm 0.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.2)\times 10^{-3}}$ in the CLN and BGL parametrization, respectively. The first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to the external inputs used in the measurement. These results are in agreement with those obtained from decays of $B^+$ and $B^0$ mesons. They are the first determinations of $|V_{cb}|$ at a hadron-collider experiment and the first using $B_s^0$ meson decays.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of $C\!P$-averaged observables in the $B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-}$ decay

An angular analysis of the $B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}(\to K^{+}π^{-})μ^{+}μ^{-}$ decay is presented using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data collected with the LHCb experiment. The full set of $C\!P$-averaged observables are determined in bins of the invariant mass squared of the dimuon system. Contamination from decays with the $K^{+}π^{-}$ system in an S-wave configuration is taken into account. The tension seen between the previous LHCb results and the Standard Model predictions persists with the new data. The precise value of the significance of this tension depends on the choice of theory nuisance parameters.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of $CP$ observables in $B^{\pm} \to D K^{\pm}$ and $B^{\pm} \to D π^{\pm}$ with $D \to K_{\rm{S}}^0 K^\pm π^\mp$ decays

Measurements of $CP$ observables in $B^\pm \to D K^\pm$ and $B^\pm \to D π^\pm$ decays are presented, where $D$ represents a superposition of $D^0$ and $\bar{D}^0$ states. The $D$ meson is reconstructed in the three-body final state $K_{\rm{S}}^0K^\pm π^\mp$. The analysis uses samples of $B$ mesons produced in proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0, 2.0, and 6.0 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s} = $ 7, 8, and 13 TeV, respectively. These measurements are the most precise to date, and provide important input for the determination of the CKM angle $γ$.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of $CP$ violation in $B^0\to D^{*\pm} D^{\mp}$ decays

The decay-time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B^0 \to D^{*\pm}D^{\mp}$ decays is measured using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9$fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The $CP$ parameters are measured as $ S_{D^*D} = -0.861 \pm 0.077\,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.019 \,\text{(syst)}\,, $ $ ΔS_{D^*D} = 0.019 \pm 0.075 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.012 \,\text{(syst)} \,, $ $ C_{D^*D} = -0.059 \pm 0.092 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.020 \,\text{(syst)} \,, $ $ ΔC_{D^*D} = -0.031 \pm 0.092 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.016 \,\text{(syst)} \,, $ $ {\cal A}_{D^*D} = 0.008 \pm 0.014 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.006 \,\text{(syst)}\,. $ The analysis provides the most precise single measurement of $CP$ violation in this decay channel to date. All parameters are consistent with their current world average values.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of $f_s / f_u$ variation with proton-proton collision energy and $B$-meson kinematics

The ratio of the $\mathrm{B}^0_\mathrm{s}$ and $\mathrm{B}^+$ fragmentation fractions $f_\mathrm{s}$ and $f_u$ is studied with $B^0_\mathrm{s}\to\mathrm{J}/ψϕ$ and $B^+\to\mathrm{J}/ψK^+$ decays using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at 7, 8 and 13$\text{ TeV}$ center-of-mass energies. The analysis is performed in bins of $\mathrm{B}$-meson momentum, longitudinal momentum, transverse momentum, pseudorapidity and rapidity. The fragmentation-fraction ratio $f_\mathrm{s} / f_u$ is observed to depend on the $\mathrm{B}$-meson transverse momentum with a significance of $6.0\,σ$. This dependency is driven by the 13$\text{ TeV}$ sample ($8.7\,σ$) while the results for the other collision energies are not significant when considered separately. Furthermore the results show a $4.8\,σ$ evidence for an increase of $f_\mathrm{s} / f_u$ as a function of collision energy.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of CP violation in the $B_s^0\rightarrowϕϕ$ decay and search for the $B^0\rightarrow ϕϕ$ decay

A measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetry in $B_s^0\rightarrowϕϕ$ decays is presented. Using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.0$fb$^{-1}$ collected by the $\mbox{LHCb}$ experiment at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV in 2011, 8 TeV in 2012 and 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016, a signal yield of around 9000 $B_s^0\rightarrowϕϕ$ decays is obtained. The CP-violating phase $ϕ_s^{s\bar{s}s}$ is measured to be $-0.073 \pm 0.115$(stat)$\pm 0.027$(syst) rad, under the assumption it is independent on the helicity of the $ϕϕ$ decay. In addition, the CP-violating phases of the transverse polarisations under the assumption of CP conservation of the longitudinal phase are measured. The helicity-independent direct CP-violation parameter is also measured, and is found to be $|λ|=0.99 \pm 0.05 $(stat)$ \pm 0.01 $(syst). In addition, $T$-odd triple-product asymmetries are measured. The results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis of CP conservation in $b\rightarrow\bar{s}s\bar{s}$ transitions. Finally, a limit on the branching fraction of the $B^0\rightarrow ϕϕ$ decay is determined to be $\mathcal{B}(B^0\rightarrow ϕϕ)<2.7\times 10^{-8}$ at 90% confidence level.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of Hadronic Mass Moments $\langle M_X^n \rangle $ in $B \rightarrow X_c \ell ν$ Decays at Belle II

We present measurements of the first six hadronic mass moments in semileptonic $B \rightarrow X_c \ell ν$ decays. The hadronic mass moments, together with other observables of inclusive $B$ decays, can be used to determine the CKM matrix element $|{V_{cb}}|$ and mass of the $b$-quark $m_b$ in the context of Heavy Quark Expansions of QCD. The Belle~II data recorded at the $Υ(4S)$ resonance in 2019 and 2020 (March-July), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $34.6\;\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$, is used for this measurement. The decay $Υ(4S) \rightarrow B \overline{B}$ is reconstructed by applying the hadronic tagging algorithm provided by the Full Event Interpretation to fully reconstruct one $B$ meson. The second $B$ meson is reconstructed inclusively by selecting a high-momentum lepton. The $X_c$ system is identified by the remaining reconstructed tracks and clusters in the electromagnetic calorimeter. We report preliminary results for the hadronic mass moments $\langle M_X^n \rangle $ with $n=1,\dots,6$, measured as a function of a lower cut on the lepton momentum in the signal $B$ rest frame.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of psi(2S) production cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at 7 and 13 TeV

The cross-sections of $ψ(2S)$ meson production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13~\mathrm{TeV}$ are measured with a data sample collected by the LHCb detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $275~p\mathrm{b}^{-1}$. The production cross-sections for prompt $ψ(2S)$ mesons and those for $ψ(2S)$ mesons from $b$-hadron decays ($ψ{(2S)}\mathrm{-from-}b$) are determined as functions of the transverse momentum, $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, and the rapidity, $y$, of the $ψ(2S)$ meson in the kinematic range $2<p_{\mathrm{T}}<20~\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and $2.0<y<4.5$. The production cross-sections integrated over this kinematic region are \begin{equation*} \begin{split} σ(\mbox{prompt }ψ(2S),13~\mathrm{TeV}) &= {1.430 \pm 0.005(\mathrm{stat}) \pm 0.099 (\mathrm{syst})μ\mathrm{b}},\\ σ(ψ(2S)\mathrm{-from-}b,13~\mathrm{TeV})&={0.426 \pm 0.002(\mathrm{stat}) \pm0.030 (\mathrm{syst})μ\mathrm{b}}. \end{split} \end{equation*} A new measurement of $ψ(2S)$ production cross-sections in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7~\mathrm{TeV}$ is also performed using data collected in 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $614~{p\mathrm{b}^{-1}}$.The integrated production cross-sections in the kinematic range $3.5<p_{\mathrm{T}}<14~\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and $2.0<y<4.5$ are \begin{equation*} \begin{split} σ(\mbox{prompt }ψ(2S),7~\mathrm{TeV}) &={0.471 \pm0.001 (\mathrm{stat}) \pm 0.025 (\mathrm{syst})μ\mathrm{b}},\\ σ(ψ(2S)\mathrm{-from-}b,7~\mathrm{TeV}) &={0.126\pm0.001 (\mathrm{stat}) \pm0.008 (\mathrm{syst})μ\mathrm{b}}. \end{split} \end{equation*} All results show reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of the $η_c(1S)$ production cross-section in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $2.0\,fb^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment, the production of the $η_c(1S)$ state in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13 \text{ TeV}$ is studied in the rapidity range ${2.0 < y < 4.5}$ and in the transverse momentum range ${6.5 < p_{T} < 14.0\text{ GeV}}$. The cross-section for prompt production of $η_c(1S)$ mesons relative to that of the $J/ψ$ meson is measured using the ${p\bar{p}}$ decay mode and is found to be ${σ_{η_c(1S)}/σ_{J/ψ} = 1.69 \pm 0.15 \pm 0.10 \pm 0.18}$. The quoted uncertainties are, in order, statistical, systematic and due to uncertainties on the branching fractions of the ${J/ψ\to p \bar{p}}$ and ${η_c\to p \bar{p}}$ decays. The prompt $η_c(1S)$ production cross-section is determined to be ${σ_{η_c(1S)} = 1.26 \pm 0.11\pm 0.08 \pm 0.14 \,μb}$, where the last uncertainty includes that on the ${J/ψ}$ meson cross-section. The ratio of the branching fractions of $b$-hadron decays to the $η_c(1S)$ and ${J/ψ}$ states is measured to be ${\mathcal{B}_{b\toη_c X}/\mathcal{B}_{b\to J/ψX} = 0.48 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.05}$, where the last uncertainty is due to those on the branching fractions of the ${J/ψ\to p \bar{p}}$ and ${η_c\to p \bar{p}}$ decays. The difference between the ${J/ψ}$ and $η_c(1S)$ masses is also determined to be ${113.0 \pm 0.7 \pm 0.1\text{ MeV}}$, which is the most precise single measurement of this quantity to date.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of the $Λ^0_b\rightarrow J/ψΛ$ angular distribution and the $Λ^0_b$ polarisation in $pp$ collisions

This paper presents an analysis of the $Λ^0_b\rightarrow J/ψΛ$ angular distribution and the transverse production polarisation of $Λ^0_b$ baryons in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The measurements are performed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb$^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb experiment. The polarisation is determined in a fiducial region of $Λ^0_b$ transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of $1 < p_{T} < 20$ GeV$/c$ and $2 < η< 5$, respectively. The data are consistent with $Λ^0_b$ baryons being produced unpolarised in this region. The parity-violating asymmetry parameter of the $Λ\rightarrow pπ^-$ decay is also determined from the data and its value is found to be consistent with a recent measurement by the BES\,III collaboration.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of the branching fraction of the decay $B_s^0\to K_S^0 K_S^0$

A measurement of the branching fraction of the decay $B_s^0 \to K_S^0 K_S^0$ is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $fb^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment between 2011 and 2016. The branching fraction is determined to be BR($B_s^0 \to K_S^0 K_S^0$) = [8.3 $\pm$ 1.6 (stat) $\pm$ 0.9 (syst) $\pm$ 0.8 (norm) $\pm$ 0.3 ($f_s/f_d$)] $\times 10^{-6}$ , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third and fourth are due to uncertainties on the branching fraction of the normalization mode $B^0 \to ϕK_S^0$ and the ratio of hadronization fractions $f_s/f_d$. This is the most precise measurement of this branching fraction to date. Furthermore, a measurement of the branching fraction of the decay $B^0 \to K_S^0 K_S^0$ is performed relative to that of the $B_s^0 \to K_S^0 K_S^0$ channel, and is found to be $\frac{BR(B^0 \to K_S^0 K_S^0)}{BR(B_s^0 \to K_S^0 K_S^0)}$ = [7.5 $\pm$ 3.1 (stat) $\pm$ 0.5 (syst) $\pm$ 0.3 ($f_s/f_d$)] $\times 10^{-2}$.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurement of the relative branching fractions of $B^+ \to h^+h^{\prime +}h^{\prime -}$ decays

The relative branching fractions of $B^+ \to h^+h^{\prime +}h^{\prime -}$ decays, where $h^{(\prime)}$ is a pion or kaon, are measured. The analysis is performed with a data sample, collected with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.0 {\rm fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions. The results obtained improve significantly on previous measurements of these quantities, and are important for the interpretation of Dalitz plot analyses of three-body charmless hadronic decays of $B^+$ mesons.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurements of branching fractions and CP-violating charge asymmetries in charmless $B$ decays reconstructed in 2019--2020 Belle~II data

We report on first measurements of branching fractions~($\mathcal{B}$) and CP-violating charge asymmetries~($\mathcal{A}$) in charmless $B$ decays at Belle~II. We use a sample of electron-positron collisions collected in 2019 and 2020 at the $Υ(4S)$ resonance and corresponding to $34.6$\,fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. We use simulation to determine optimized event selections. The $ΔE$ distributions of the resulting samples, restricted in $M_{\rm bc}$, are fit to determine signal yields. Signal yields are corrected for efficiencies determined from simulation and control data samples to obtain branching fractions and CP-violating asymmetries for flavour-specific channels. These are the first measurements in charmless decays reported by Belle~II. Results are compatible with known determinations and show detector performance comparable with the best Belle results offering a reliable basis to assess projections for future reach.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurements of the Absolute Branching Fractions of $B^\pm \to K^\pm X_{c\bar c}$

A study of the two body decays $B^\pm\rightarrow X_{c\bar c}K^\pm$, where X$_{c\bar c}$ refers to one charmonium state, is reported by BaBar collaboration using a data sample of 424 fb$^{-1}$. The absolute determination of branching fractions for these decays are significantly improved compared to previous BaBaR measurements. Evidence is found for the decay $B^+\rightarrow X(3872)K^+$ at the $3σ$ level. The absolute branching fraction ${\cal B}(B^+\rightarrow X(3872)K^+) = (2.1\pm0.6({\rm stat})\pm0.3({\rm syst}))\times 10^{-4}$ is measured for the first time. It follows that ${\cal B}(X(3872)\rightarrow J/ψπ^+π^-)=(4.1\pm1.3)\%$, supporting the hypothesis of a molecular component for this resonance.

preprint2020arXiv

Measurements of the Time-Dependent Cosmic-Ray Sun Shadow with Seven Years of IceCube Data -- Comparison with the Solar Cycle and Magnetic Field Models

Observations of the time-dependent cosmic-ray Sun shadow have been proven as a valuable diagnostic for the assessment of solar magnetic field models. In this paper, seven years of IceCube data are compared to solar activity and solar magnetic field models. A quantitative comparison of solar magnetic field models with IceCube data on the event rate level is performed for the first time. Additionally, a first energy-dependent analysis is presented and compared to recent predictions. We use seven years of IceCube data for the Moon and the Sun and compare them to simulations on data rate level. The simulations are performed for the geometrical shadow hypothesis for the Moon and the Sun and for a cosmic-ray propagation model governed by the solar magnetic field for the case of the Sun. We find that a linearly decreasing relationship between Sun shadow strength and solar activity is preferred over a constant relationship at the 6.4sigma level. We test two commonly used models of the coronal magnetic field, both combined with a Parker spiral, by modeling cosmic-ray propagation in the solar magnetic field. Both models predict a weakening of the shadow in times of high solar activity as it is also visible in the data. We find tensions with the data on the order of $3σ$ for both models, assuming only statistical uncertainties. The magnetic field model CSSS fits the data slightly better than the PFSS model. This is generally consistent with what is found previously by the Tibet AS-gamma Experiment, a deviation of the data from the two models is, however, not significant at this point. Regarding the energy dependence of the Sun shadow, we find indications that the shadowing effect increases with energy during times of high solar activity, in agreement with theoretical predictions.

preprint2020arXiv

Novel observation of isospin structure of short-range correlations in calcium isotopes

Short Range Correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross-section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from 48Ca to 40Ca in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs we provide a new way to study the isospin structure of SRCs.

preprint2020arXiv

Observation of a new baryon state in the $Λ_b^0π^+π^-$ mass spectrum

A new baryon state is observed in the $Λ_b^0π^+π^-$ mass spectrum with high significance using a data sample of $pp$ collisions, collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}=7, 8$ and 13TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9fb$^{-1}$. The mass and natural width of the new state are measured to be \begin{eqnarray*} m & = & 6072.3 \pm 2.9 \pm 0.6 \pm 0.2 MeV\,, Γ& = & 72 \pm 11 \pm 2 MeV\,, \end{eqnarray*} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The third uncertainty for the mass is due to imprecise knowledge of the $Λ_b^0$ baryon mass. The new state is consistent with the first radial excitation of the $Λ_b^0$ baryon, the $Λ_b(2S)^0$ resonance. Updated measurements of the masses and the upper limits on the natural widths of the previously observed $Λ_b(5912)^0$ and $Λ_b(5920)^0$ states are also reported.

preprint2020arXiv

Observation of new $Ξ_c^0$ baryons decaying to $Λ_c^+ K^-$

The $Λ_c^+K^-$ mass spectrum is studied with a data sample of $pp$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.6 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. Three $Ξ_c^0$ states are observed with a large significance and their masses and natural widths are measured to be \begin{eqnarray*} m(Ξ_c(2923)^0)&=& 2923.04 \pm 0.25 \pm 0.20 \pm 0.14 ~\mathrm{MeV}, Γ(Ξ_c(2923)^0) &=& 7.1 \pm 0.8 \pm 1.8 ~\mathrm{MeV}, \end{eqnarray*} \begin{eqnarray*} m(Ξ_c(2939)^0) &=& 2938.55 \pm 0.21 \pm 0.17 \pm 0.14 ~\mathrm{ MeV}, Γ(Ξ_c(2939)^0) &=& 10.2 \pm 0.8 \pm 1.1 ~\mathrm{ MeV}, \end{eqnarray*} \begin{eqnarray*} m(Ξ_c(2965)^0) &=& 2964.88 \pm 0.26 \pm 0.14 \pm 0.14~\mathrm{ MeV}, Γ(Ξ_c(2965)^0) &=& 14.1 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.3~\mathrm{ MeV}, \end{eqnarray*} where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the limited knowledge of the $Λ_c^+$ mass. The $Ξ_c(2923)^0$ and $Ξ_c(2939)^0$ baryons are new states. The $Ξ_c(2965)^0$ state is in the vicinity of the known $Ξ_c(2970)^0$ baryon; however, their masses and natural widths differ significantly.

preprint2020arXiv

Observation of new resonances in the $Λ_{b}^0π^+π^-$ system

We report the observation of a new structure in the $Λ_b^0 π^+π^-$ spectrum using the full LHCb data set of $pp$ collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$, collected at $\sqrt{s}=7$, 8 and $13\,\mathrm{TeV}$. A study of the structure suggests its interpretation as a superposition of two almost degenerate narrow states. The masses and widths of these states are measured to be \begin{eqnarray*} m_{Λ_{b}\mathrm{(6146)}^0} &=&6146.17 \pm 0.33 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.16\,\mathrm{MeV} \,, m_{Λ_{b}\mathrm{(6152)}^0} &=&6152.51 \pm 0.26 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.16\,\mathrm{MeV} \,, Γ_{Λ_{b}\mathrm{(6146)}^0}&=&\phantom{615}2.9\phantom{0}\pm 1.3\phantom{0} \pm 0.3\phantom{0}\,\mathrm{MeV}\,, Γ_{Λ_{b}\mathrm{(6152)}^0} &=&\phantom{615}2.1\phantom{0}\pm 0.8\phantom{0} \pm 0.3\phantom{0}\,\mathrm{MeV}\,, \end{eqnarray*} with a mass splitting of $Δm = 6.34 \pm 0.32 \pm 0.02\,\mathrm{MeV}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third derives from the knowledge of the mass of the $Λ_b^0$ baryon. The measured masses and widths of these new excited states suggest their possible interpretation as a doublet of $Λ_{b}\mathrm{(1D)}^0$ states.

preprint2020arXiv

Observation of several sources of $CP$ violation in $B^+ \to π^+ π^+ π^-$ decays

Observations are reported of different sources of $CP$ violation from an amplitude analysis of $B^+ \to π^+ π^+ π^-$ decays, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3 \; {\rm fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. A large $CP$ asymmetry is observed in the decay amplitude involving the tensor $f_2(1270)$ resonance, and in addition significant $CP$ violation is found in the $π^+ π^-$ S-wave at low invariant mass. The presence of $CP$ violation related to interference between the $π^+ π^-$ S-wave and the P-wave $B^+ \to ρ(770)^0 π^+$ amplitude is also established; this causes large local asymmetries but cancels when integrated over the phase space of the decay. The results provide both qualitative and quantitative new insights into $CP$-violation effects in hadronic $B$ decays.

preprint2020arXiv

Observation of the semileptonic decay $B^{+}\to p\overline{p}μ^{+}ν_μ$

The Cabibbo-suppressed semileptonic decay $B^{+}\to p\overline{p}μ^{+}ν_μ$ is observed for the first time using a sample of $pp$ collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0, 2.0 and 1.7fb$^{-1}$ at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13TeV, respectively. The differential branching fraction is measured as a function of the $p\overline{p}$ invariant mass using the decay mode $B^{+}\to J/ψK^{+}$ for normalisation. The total branching fraction is measured to be \begin{align*} \mathcal{B}(B^{+}\to p\overline{p}μ^{+}ν_μ) = (5.27 ^{+0.23}_{-0.24} \pm 0.21 \pm 0.15)\times 10^{-6}, \end{align*} where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is from the uncertainty on the branching fraction of the normalisation channel.

preprint2020arXiv

Overview of KAGRA : KAGRA science

KAGRA is a newly build gravitational-wave observatory, a laser interferometer with 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. In this paper in the series of KAGRA-featured articles, we discuss the science targets of KAGRA projects, considering not only the baseline KAGRA (current design) but also its future upgrade candidates (KAGRA+) for the near to middle term (~5 years).

preprint2020arXiv

Precision measurement of the ${\cal B}(Υ(3S)\toτ^+τ^-)/{\cal B}(Υ(3S)\toμ^+μ^-)$ ratio

We report on a precision measurement of the ratio ${\cal R}_{τμ}^{Υ(3S)} = {\cal B}(Υ(3S)\toτ^+τ^-)/{\cal B}(Υ(3S)\toμ^+μ^-)$ using data collected with the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II $e^+e^-$ collider. The measurement is based on a 28 fb$^{-1}$ data sample collected at a center-of-mass energy of 10.355 GeV corresponding to a sample of 122 million $Υ(3S)$ mesons. The ratio is measured to be ${\cal R}_{τμ}^{Υ(3S)} = 0.966 \pm 0.008_\mathrm{stat} \pm 0.014_\mathrm{syst}$ and is in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of 0.9948 within 2 standard deviations. The uncertainty in ${\cal R}_{τμ}^{Υ(3S)}$ is almost an order of magnitude smaller than the only previous measurement.

preprint2020arXiv

Precision measurement of the $B_{c}^{+}$ meson mass

A precision measurement of the $B_{c}^{+}$ meson mass is performed using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $7, 8$ and $13$ TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $9.0 \,{\rm fb}^{-1}$. The $B_{c}^{+}$ mesons are reconstructed via the decays $B_{c}^{+} \rightarrow J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2muψ\mskip 2mu π^+$, $B_{c}^{+} \rightarrow J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2muψ\mskip 2mu π^+ π^- π^+$, $B_{c}^{+} \rightarrow J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2muψ\mskip 2mu p \bar{p} π^+$, $B_{c}^{+} \rightarrow J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2muψ\mskip 2mu D_{s}^{+}$, $B_{c}^{+} \rightarrow J\mskip -3mu/\mskip -2muψ\mskip 2mu D^{0} K^{+}$ and $B_{c}^{+} \rightarrow B_{s}^{0} π^{+}$. Combining the results of the individual decay channels, the $B_{c}^{+}$ mass is measured to be $6274.47 \pm 0.27 \,({\rm stat}) \pm 0.17 \,({\rm syst}) \mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V}/c^{2}$. This is the most precise measurement of the $B_{c}^{+}$ mass to date. The difference between the $B_{c}^{+}$ and $B_{s}^{0}$ meson masses is measured to be $907.75 \pm 0.37 \,({\rm stat}) \pm 0.27 \,({\rm syst}) \mathrm{\,Me\kern -0.1em V}/c^{2}$.

preprint2020arXiv

Precision measurement of the $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ mass

A measurement of the $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ mass is performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment between 2016 and 2018 in $pp$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.6 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. The $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ candidates are reconstructed via the decay modes $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΛ_c^+K^-π^+π^+$ and $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΞ_c^+π^+$. The result, $3621.55 \pm 0.23{\rm\,(stat)\,} \pm 0.30 {\rm\,(syst)\,}{\rm MeV}/c^2$, is the most precise measurement of the $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ mass to date.

preprint2020arXiv

Search for $A'\!\to\!μ^+μ^-$ decays

Searches are performed for both prompt-like and long-lived dark photons, $A'$, produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. These searches look for $A'\!\to\!μ^+μ^-$ decays using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.5/fb collected with the LHCb detector. Neither search finds evidence for a signal, and 90% confidence-level exclusion limits are placed on the $γ$-$A'$ kinetic-mixing strength. The prompt-like $A'$ search explores the mass region from near the dimuon threshold up to 70 GeV, and places the most stringent constraints to date on dark photons with $214 < m(A') \lesssim 740$ MeV and $10.6 < m(A') \lesssim 30$ GeV. The search for long-lived $A'\!\to\!μ^+μ^-$ decays places world-leading constraints on low-mass dark photons with lifetimes $\mathcal{O}(1)$ ps.

preprint2020arXiv

Search for $C\!P$ violation and observation of $P$ violation in $Λ_b^0 \to p π^- π^+ π^-$ decays

A search for $C\!P$ violation in the $Λ_b^0 \to p π^- π^+ π^-$ decay is performed using LHCb data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.6$\,fb^{-1}$ collected in $pp$ collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13$\,Te\kern -0.1em V$. The analysis uses both triple product asymmetries and the unbinned energy test method. The highest significances of $C\!P$ asymmetry are 2.9 standard deviations from triple product asymmetries and 3.0 standard deviations for the energy test method. Once the global $p$-value is considered, all results are consistent with no $C\!P$ violation. Parity violation is observed at a significance of $5.5$ standard deviations for the triple product asymmetry method and $5.3$ standard deviations for the energy test method.

preprint2020arXiv

Search for lepton-flavor violating decays $D^{0}\rightarrow X^{0}e^{\pm}μ^{\mp}$

We present a search for seven lepton-flavor-violating neutral charm decays of the type $D^{0}\rightarrow X^{0} e^{\pm} μ^{\mp}$, where $X^{0}$ represents a $π^{0}$, $K^{0}_{\rm S}$, $\bar{K^{*0}}$, $ρ^{0}$, $ϕ$, $ω$, or $η$ meson. The analysis is based on $468$ fb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ annihilation data collected at or close to the $Υ(4S)$ resonance with the BaBar detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. No significant signals are observed, and we establish 90\% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions in the range $(5.0 - 22.5)\times 10^{-7}$. The limits are between one and two orders of magnitude more stringent than previous measurements.

preprint2020arXiv

Search for PeV Gamma-Ray Emission from the Southern Hemisphere with 5 Years of Data from the IceCube Observatory

The measurement of diffuse PeV gamma-ray emission from the Galactic plane would provide information about the energy spectrum and propagation of Galactic cosmic rays, and the detection of a point-like source of PeV gamma rays would be strong evidence for a Galactic source capable of accelerating cosmic rays up to at least a few PeV. This paper presents several un-binned maximum likelihood searches for PeV gamma rays in the Southern Hemisphere using 5 years of data from the IceTop air shower surface detector and the in-ice array of the IceCube Observatory. The combination of both detectors takes advantage of the low muon content and deep shower maximum of gamma-ray air showers, and provides excellent sensitivity to gamma rays between $\sim$0.6 PeV and 100 PeV. Our measurements of point-like and diffuse Galactic emission of PeV gamma rays are consistent with background, so we constrain the angle-integrated diffuse gamma-ray flux from the Galactic Plane at 2 PeV to $2.61 \times 10^{-19}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ TeV$^{-1}$ at 90% confidence, assuming an E$^{-3}$ spectrum, and we estimate 90% upper limits on point-like emission at 2 PeV between 10$^{-21}$ - 10$^{-20}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ TeV$^{-1}$ for an E$^{-2}$ spectrum, depending on declination. Furthermore, we exclude unbroken power-law emission up to 2 PeV for several TeV gamma-ray sources observed by H.E.S.S., and calculate upper limits on the energy cutoffs of these sources at 90% confidence. We also find no PeV gamma rays correlated with neutrinos from IceCube's high-energy starting event sample. These are currently the strongest constraints on PeV gamma-ray emission.

preprint2020arXiv

Search for rare or forbidden decays of the $D^{0}$ meson

We present a search for nine lepton-number-violating and three lepton-flavor-violating neutral charm decays of the type $D^0\rightarrow h^{\prime -} h^{-}\ell^{\prime +} \ell^{+}$ and $D^0\rightarrow h^{\prime -} h^{+}\ell^{\prime\pm} \ell^{\mp}$, where $h$ and $h^{\prime}$ represent a $K$ or $π$ meson and $\ell$ and $\ell^{\prime}$ an electron or muon. The analysis is based on $468$ fb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ annihilation data collected at or close to the $Y(4S)$ resonance with the BaBar detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. No significant signal is observed for any of the twelve modes and we establish 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions in the range $(1.0 - 30.6)\times 10^{-7}$. The limits are between one and three orders of magnitude times more stringent than previous measurements.

preprint2020arXiv

Search for the lepton flavour violating decay $B^+ \rightarrow K^+ μ^- τ^+$ using $B_{s2}^{*0}$ decays

A search is presented for the lepton flavour violating decay $B^+ \rightarrow K^+ μ^- τ^+$ using a sample of proton--proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, collected with the LHCb detector and corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb${}^{-1}$. The $τ$ leptons are selected inclusively, primarily via decays with a single charged particle. The four-momentum of the $τ$ lepton is determined by using $B^+$ mesons from $B_{s2}^{*0} \rightarrow B^+ K^-$ decays. No significant excess is observed, and an upper limit is set on the branching fraction $B(B^+ \rightarrow K^+ μ^- τ^+) < 3.9 \times 10^{-5}$ at 90% confidence level. The obtained limit is comparable to the world-best limit.

preprint2020arXiv

Search for the rare decays $B^0_s\to e^+e^-$ and $B^0\to e^+e^-$

A search for the decays $B^0_s\to e^+e^-$ and $B^0\to e^+e^-$ is performed using data collected with the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of $7$, $8$ and $13\,\text{TeV}$, corresponding to integrated luminosities of $1$, $2$ and $2\,\text{fb}^{-1}$, respectively. No signal is observed. Assuming no contribution from $B^0\to e^+e^-$ decays, an upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^0_s\to e^+e^-)<9.4\,(11.2)\times10^{-9}$ is obtained at $90\,(95)\,\%$ confidence level. If no $B^0_s\to e^+e^-$ contribution is assumed, a limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to e^+e^-)<2.5\,(3.0)\times10^{-9}$ is determined at $90\,(95)\,\%$ confidence level. These upper limits are more than one order of magnitude lower than the previous values.

preprint2020arXiv

Spectroscopic Signature for Local-moment Magnetism in van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$

The van der Waals ferromagnet Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ has recently attracted extensive research attention due to its intertwined magnetic, electronic and topological properties. Here, using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we systematically investigate the temperature evolution of the electronic structure of bulk Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$. We observe largely dispersive energy bands that are narrowed by a factor of 1.6 compared with ab-initio calculation. Upon heating towards the ferromagnetic transition near 225 K, we observe a massive reduction of quasiparticle coherence in a large energy range, which is attributed to the enhanced magnetic fluctuation in the system. Remarkably, the electron bands barely shift with increasing temperature, which deviates from the exchange splitting picture within the itinerant Stoner model. We argue that the local magnetic moments play a crucial role in the ferromagnetism of Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$, despite its strongly itinerant nature. Our results provide important insights into the electronic and magnetic properties of Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ and shed light on the generic understanding of itinerant magnetism in correlated materials.

preprint2020arXiv

Studies of the semileptonic $\bar B^0\to D^{*+}\ell^-\barν_\ell$ and $B^-\to D^{0}\ell^-\barν_\ell$ decay processes with 34.6 fb$^{-1}$ of Belle II data

We report measurements of the $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} \ell^{-} \barν_l$ and $B^- \to D^{0} \ell^{-} \barν_l$ processes using 34.6 fb$^{-1}$ of collision events recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. For the $B^-\to D^{0}\ell^-\barν_\ell$ channel, we present first studies that isolate this decay from other semileptonic processes and backgrounds. We report a measurement of the $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} \ell^{-} \barν_l$ branching fraction and obtain ${\cal B}(\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} \ell^{-} \barν_l) = \left(4.60 \pm 0.05_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm0.17_{\mathrm{syst}} \pm 0.45_{π_s}\right) \%$, in agreement with the world average. Here, the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and related to slow pion reconstruction, respectively. The systematic uncertainties are limited by the statistics of auxiliary measurements and will improve in the future. We also report differential branching fractions in five bins of the hadronic recoil parameter $w$ for $\bar{B}^0 \to D^{*+} \ell^{-} \barν_l$, unfolded to account for resolution and efficiency effects.

preprint2020arXiv

Study of $Υ$ production in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV

The production of $Υ(nS)$ mesons ($n=1,2,3$) in $p$Pb and Pb$p$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 31.8 nb$^{-1}$. The $Υ(nS)$ mesons are reconstructed through their decays into two opposite-sign muons. The measurements comprise the differential production cross-sections of the $Υ(1S)$ and $Υ(2S)$ states, their forward-to-backward ratios and nuclear modification factors, performed as a function of the transverse momentum \pt and rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass frame $y^*$ of the $Υ(nS)$ states, in the kinematic range $p_{\rm{T}}<25$ GeV/$c$ and $1.5<y^*<4.0$ ($-5.0<y^*<-2.5$) for $p$Pb (Pb$p$) collisions. In addition, production cross-sections for $Υ(3S)$ are measured integrated over phase space and the production ratios between all three $Υ(nS)$ states are determined. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions and suppressions for quarkonium in $p$Pb collisions are observed.

preprint2020arXiv

Test of lepton universality with $Λ^{0}_{b} \to p K^- \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays

The ratio of branching fractions of the decays $Λ^{0}_{b}\to pK^{-}e^{+}e^{-}$ and $Λ^{0}_{b}\to pK^{-}μ^{+}μ^{-}$, $R^{-1}_{pK}$, is measured for the first time using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 $fb^{-1}$ recorded with the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. In the dilepton mass-squared range $0.1 < q^{2} < 6.0$ $GeV^{2}/c^{4}$ and the $pK^{-}$ mass range $m(pK^{-}) < 2600$ $MeV/c^{2}$, the ratio of branching fractions is measured to be $R^{-1}_{pK} = 1.17 ^{+0.18}_{-0.16} \pm 0.07$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This is the first test of lepton universality with b baryons and the first observation of the decay $Λ^{0}_{b}\to pK^{-}e^{+}e^{-}$.

preprint2020arXiv

Updated measurement of decay-time-dependent CP asymmetries in $D^0 \to K^+K^-$ and $D^0 \to π^+π^-$ decays

A search for decay-time-dependent charge-parity ($CP$) asymmetry in $D^0 \to K^+K^-$ and $D^0 \to π^+π^-$ decays is performed at the LHCb experiment using proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4fb$^{-1}$. The $D^0$ mesons are required to originate from semileptonic decays of $b$ hadrons, such that the charge of the muon identifies the flavor of the neutral $D$ meson at production. The asymmetries in the effective decay widths of $D^0$ and $\overline{D}^0$ mesons are determined to be $A_Γ(K^+K^-) = ( -4.3 \pm 3.6 \pm 0.5 )\times 10^{-4}$ and $A_Γ(π^+π^-) = ( 2.2 \pm 7.0 \pm 0.8)\times 10^{-4}$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The results are consistent with $CP$ symmetry and, when combined with previous LHCb results, yield $A_Γ(K^+K^-) = ( -4.4 \pm 2.3 \pm 0.6 )\times 10^{-4}$ and $A_Γ(π^+π^-) = ( 2.5 \pm 4.3 \pm 0.7)\times 10^{-4}$.

preprint2020arXiv

Updated measurement of time-dependent $CP$-violating observables in $B^{0}_{s}\to J/ψK^+ K^-$ decays

The decay-time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B^{0}_{s}\to J/ψK^{+} K^{-}$ decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.9\,\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$, collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of $13\,\mathrm{TeV}$ in 2015 and 2016. Using a sample of approximately 117\,000 signal decays with an invariant $K^{+} K^{-}$ mass in the vicinity of the $ϕ(1020)$ resonance, the $CP$-violating phase $ϕ_s$ is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the $B^{0}_{s}$-$\bar{B}^{0}_{s}$ system, $ΔΓ_s$. The difference of the average $B^{0}_{s}$ and $B^{0}$ meson decay widths, $Γ_s-Γ_d$, is determined using in addition a sample of $B^{0} \to J/ψK^{+} π^{-}$ decays. The values obtained are $ϕ_s = -0.083\pm0.041\pm0.006\,\mathrm{rad}$, $ΔΓ_s = 0.077 \pm 0.008 \pm 0.003\, \mathrm{ps^{-1}}$ and $Γ_s-Γ_d = -0.0041 \pm 0.0024 \pm 0.0015\,\mathrm{ps^{-1}}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements of these quantities to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with a previous LHCb analysis of this decay using data recorded at centre-of-mass energies 7 and 8 TeV. Finally, the results are combined with recent results from $B^{0}_{s}\to J/ψπ^{+} π^{-}$ decays obtained using the same dataset as this analysis, and with previous independent LHCb results.

preprint2020arXiv

Zero-crossing magnetic field modulation at high frequency for triaxial-vectorial SERF atomic magnetometer

The triaxial-vectorial magnetic field measurement method based on the quasi-steady-state solution of Bloch equation for SERF atomic magnetometry is firstly proposed by S. Seltzer and M. Romalis in 2004, which introduces dual-axis zero-crossing magnetic fields modulation. The modulation frequency must be slow enough that the quasi-steady-state solution is valid, otherwise the measurement accuracy will be seriously degraded. Thus the bandwidth of the system is greatly limited. In order to enhance the bandwidth constricted by the range of modulation frequency, we investigate the response of alkali-atomic spin to high-frequency modulation field by solving the Bloch equation in a time-dependence manner.

preprint2019arXiv

A Search for Neutrino Point-Source Populations in 7 Years of IceCube Data with Neutrino-count Statistics

The presence of a population of point sources in a dataset modifies the underlying neutrino-count statistics from the Poisson distribution. This deviation can be exactly quantified using the non-Poissonian template fitting technique, and in this work we present the first application this approach to the IceCube high-energy neutrino dataset. Using this method, we search in 7 years of IceCube data for point-source populations correlated with the disk of the Milky Way, the Fermi bubbles, the Schlegel, Finkbeiner, and Davis dust map, or with the isotropic extragalactic sky. No evidence for such a population is found in the data using this technique, and in the absence of a signal we establish constraints on population models with source count distribution functions that can be described by a power-law with a single break. The derived limits can be interpreted in the context of many possible source classes. In order to enhance the flexibility of the results, we publish the full posterior from our analysis, which can be used to establish limits on specific population models that would contribute to the observed IceCube neutrino flux.

preprint2019arXiv

An arm length stabilization system for KAGRA and future gravitational-wave detectors

Modern ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors require a complex interferometer configuration with multiple coupled optical cavities. Since achieving the resonances of the arm cavities is the most challenging among the lock acquisition processes, the scheme called arm length stabilization (ALS) had been employed for lock acquisition of the arm cavities. We designed a new type of the ALS, which is compatible with the interferometers having long arms like the next generation GW detectors. The features of the new ALS are that the control configuration is simpler than those of previous ones and that it is not necessary to lay optical fibers for the ALS along the kilometer-long arms of the detector. Along with simulations of its noise performance, an experimental test of the new ALS was performed utilizing a single arm cavity of KAGRA. This paper presents the first results of the test where we demonstrated that lock acquisition of the arm cavity was achieved using the new ALS and residual noise was measured to be $8.2\,\mathrm{Hz}$ in units of frequency, which is smaller than the linewidth of the arm cavity and thus low enough to lock the full interferometer of KAGRA in a repeatable and reliable manner.

preprint2019arXiv

Combined sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering with JUNO, the IceCube Upgrade, and PINGU

The ordering of the neutrino mass eigenstates is one of the fundamental open questions in neutrino physics. While current-generation neutrino oscillation experiments are able to produce moderate indications on this ordering, upcoming experiments of the next generation aim to provide conclusive evidence. In this paper we study the combined performance of the two future multi-purpose neutrino oscillation experiments JUNO and the IceCube Upgrade, which employ two very distinct and complementary routes towards the neutrino mass ordering. The approach pursued by the $20\,\mathrm{kt}$ medium-baseline reactor neutrino experiment JUNO consists of a careful investigation of the energy spectrum of oscillated $\barν_e$ produced by ten nuclear reactor cores. The IceCube Upgrade, on the other hand, which consists of seven additional densely instrumented strings deployed in the center of IceCube DeepCore, will observe large numbers of atmospheric neutrinos that have undergone oscillations affected by Earth matter. In a joint fit with both approaches, tension occurs between their preferred mass-squared differences $ Δm_{31}^{2}=m_{3}^{2}-m_{1}^{2} $ within the wrong mass ordering. In the case of JUNO and the IceCube Upgrade, this allows to exclude the wrong ordering at $>5σ$ on a timescale of 3--7 years --- even under circumstances that are unfavorable to the experiments' individual sensitivities. For PINGU, a 26-string detector array designed as a potential low-energy extension to IceCube, the inverted ordering could be excluded within 1.5 years (3 years for the normal ordering) in a joint analysis.

preprint2019arXiv

Design and Performance of the first IceAct Demonstrator at the South Pole

In this paper we describe the first results of a compact imaging air-Cherenkov telescope, IceAct, operating in coincidence with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory (IceCube) at the geographic South Pole. An array of IceAct telescopes (referred to as the IceAct project) is under consideration as part of the IceCube-Gen2 extension to IceCube. Surface detectors in general will be a powerful tool in IceCube-Gen2 for distinguishing astrophysical neutrinos from the dominant backgrounds of cosmic-ray induced atmospheric muons and neutrinos: the IceTop array is already in place as part of IceCube, but has a high energy threshold. Although the duty cycle will be lower for the IceAct telescopes than the present IceTop tanks, the IceAct telescopes may prove to be more effective at lowering the detection threshold for air showers. Additionally, small imaging air-Cherenkov telescopes in combination with IceTop, the deep IceCube detector or other future detector systems might improve measurements of the composition of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. In this paper we present measurements of a first 7-pixel imaging air Cherenkov telescope demonstrator, proving the capability of this technology to measure air showers at the South Pole in coincidence with IceTop and the deep IceCube detector.

preprint2019arXiv

Efficient propagation of systematic uncertainties from calibration to analysis with the SnowStorm method in IceCube

Efficient treatment of systematic uncertainties that depend on a large number of nuisance parameters is a persistent difficulty in particle physics experiments. Where low-level effects are not amenable to simple parameterization or re-weighting, analyses often rely on discrete simulation sets to quantify the effects of nuisance parameters on key analysis observables. Such methods may become computationally untenable for analyses requiring high statistics Monte Carlo with a large number of nuisance degrees of freedom, especially in cases where these degrees of freedom parameterize the shape of a continuous distribution. In this paper we present a method for treating systematic uncertainties in a computationally efficient and comprehensive manner using a single simulation set with multiple and continuously varied nuisance parameters. This method is demonstrated for the case of the depth-dependent effective dust distribution within the IceCube Neutrino Telescope.

preprint2019arXiv

Green's function method for the single-particle resonances in a deformed Dirac equation

Single-particle resonances are crucial for exotic nuclei near and beyond the drip lines. Since the majority of nuclei are deformed, the interplay between deformation and orbital structure near threshold becomes very important and can lead to an improved description of exotic nuclei. In this work, the Green's function (GF) method is applied to solve the coupled-channel Dirac equation with quadrupole-deformed Woods-Saxon potentials for the first time. The detailed formalism for the partial-wave expansion of the Green's function is presented. A new approach getting exact values for energies and widths of resonant states by the GF method is proposed. Numerical checks are carried out by comparing with our previous implementation of the spherical GF method and the results from the deformed complex momentum representation~(CMR), the analytical continuation of the coupling constant (ACCC), and the scattering phase shift (SPS) methods, and it is proved that the GF method is very effective and reliably for describing resonance states, no matter they are narrow or broad, spherical or deformed. Finally, Nilsson levels for bound and resonant orbitals in the halo candidate nucleus $^{37}$Mg are calculated from the deformed GF method over a wide range of deformations and some decisive hints of $p$-wave halo formation are shown in this nucleus, namely, the crossing between the configurations $1/2[321]$ and $5/2[312]$ at deformation parameter $β>0.5$ may enhance the probability to occupy the $1/2[321]$ orbital that is originated from the $2p_{3/2}$ shell.

preprint2019arXiv

Nucleon-to-Resonance Form Factors at Large Photon Virtualities

We present a unified description of elastic and transition form factors involving the nucleon and its resonances; in particular, the $N(1440)$, $Δ(1232)$ and $Δ(1600)$. We compare predictions made using a framework built upon a Faddeev equation kernel and interaction vertices that possess QCD-kindred momentum dependence with results obtained using a confining, symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector$\,\otimes\,$vector contact-interaction in a widely-used leading-order (rainbow-ladder) truncation of QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations. This comparison explains that the contact-interaction framework produces hard form factors, curtails some quark orbital angular momentum correlations within a baryon, and suppresses two-loop diagrams in the elastic and transition electromagnetic currents. Such defects are rectified in our QCD-kindred framework and, by contrasting the results obtained for the same observables in both theoretical schemes, shows those objects which are most sensitive to the momentum dependence of elementary quantities in QCD.

preprint2019arXiv

Search for Sources of Astrophysical Neutrinos Using Seven Years of IceCube Cascade Events

Low background searches for astrophysical neutrino sources anywhere in the sky can be performed using cascade events induced by neutrinos of all flavors interacting in IceCube with energies as low as ~1 TeV. Previously, we showed that even with just two years of data, the resulting sensitivity to sources in the southern sky is competitive with IceCube and ANTARES analyses using muon tracks induced by charge current muon neutrino interactions - especially if the neutrino emission follows a soft energy spectrum or originates from an extended angular region. Here, we extend that work by adding five more years of data, significantly improving the cascade angular resolution, and including tests for point-like or diffuse Galactic emission to which this dataset is particularly well-suited. For many of the signal candidates considered, this analysis is the most sensitive of any experiment. No significant clustering was observed, and thus many of the resulting constraints are the most stringent to date. In this paper we will describe the improvements introduced in this analysis and discuss our results in the context of other recent work in neutrino astronomy.

preprint2019arXiv

Search for transient optical counterparts to high-energy IceCube neutrinos with Pan-STARRS1

In order to identify the sources of the observed diffuse high-energy neutrino flux, it is crucial to discover their electromagnetic counterparts. IceCube began releasing alerts for single high-energy ($E > 60$ TeV) neutrino detections with sky localisation regions of order 1 deg radius in 2016. We used Pan-STARRS1 to follow-up five of these alerts during 2016-2017 to search for any optical transients that may be related to the neutrinos. Typically 10-20 faint ($m < 22.5$ mag) extragalactic transients are found within the Pan-STARRS1 footprints and are generally consistent with being unrelated field supernovae (SNe) and AGN. We looked for unusual properties of the detected transients, such as temporal coincidence of explosion epoch with the IceCube timestamp. We found only one transient that had properties worthy of a specific follow-up. In the Pan-STARRS1 imaging for IceCube-160427A (probability to be of astrophysical origin of $\sim$50 %), we found a SN PS16cgx, located at 10.0' from the nominal IceCube direction. Spectroscopic observations of PS16cgx showed that it was an H-poor SN at z = 0.2895. The spectra and light curve resemble some high-energy Type Ic SNe, raising the possibility of a jet driven SN with an explosion epoch temporally coincident with the neutrino detection. However, distinguishing Type Ia and Type Ic SNe at this redshift is notoriously difficult. Based on all available data we conclude that the transient is more likely to be a Type Ia with relatively weak SiII absorption and a fairly normal rest-frame r-band light curve. If, as predicted, there is no high-energy neutrino emission from Type Ia SNe, then PS16cgx must be a random coincidence, and unrelated to the IceCube-160427A. We find no other plausible optical transient for any of the five IceCube events observed down to a 5$σ$ limiting magnitude of $m \sim 22$ mag, between 1 day and 25 days after detection.

preprint2019arXiv

Time-integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 years of IceCube Data

This paper presents the results from point-like neutrino source searches using ten years of IceCube data collected between Apr.~6, 2008 and Jul.~10, 2018. We evaluate the significance of an astrophysical signal from a point-like source looking for an excess of clustered neutrino events with energies typically above $\sim1\,$TeV among the background of atmospheric muons and neutrinos. We perform a full-sky scan, a search within a selected source catalog, a catalog population study, and three stacked Galactic catalog searches. The most significant point in the Northern hemisphere from scanning the sky is coincident with the Seyfert II galaxy NGC 1068, which was included in the source catalog search. The excess at the coordinates of NGC 1068 is inconsistent with background expectations at the level of $2.9\,σ$ after accounting for statistical trials. The combination of this result along with excesses observed at the coordinates of three other sources, including TXS 0506+056, suggests that, collectively, correlations with sources in the Northern catalog are inconsistent with background at 3.3$\,σ$ significance. These results, all based on searches for a cumulative neutrino signal integrated over the ten years of available data, motivate further study of these and similar sources, including time-dependent analyses, multimessenger correlations, and the possibility of stronger evidence with coming upgrades to the detector.

preprint2018arXiv

Proton Form Factor Ratio, $μ_p G_E^p/G_M^p$ from Double Spin Asymmetry

The ratio of the electric and magnetic form factor of the proton, $μ_p G_E^p/G_M^p$, has been measured for elastic electron-proton scattering with polarized beam and target up to four-momentum transfer squared, $Q^2=5.66$ (GeV/c)$^2$ using the double spin asymmetry for target spin orientation aligned nearly perpendicular to the beam momentum direction. This measurement of $μ_p G_E^p/G_M^p$ agrees with the $Q^2$ dependence of previous recoil polarization data and reconfirms the discrepancy at high $Q^2$ between the Rosenbluth and the polarization-transfer method with a different measurement technique and systematic uncertainties uncorrelated to those of the recoil-polarization measurements. The form factor ratio at $Q^2$=2.06 (GeV/c)$^2$ has been measured as $μ_p G_E^p/G_M^p = 0.720 \pm 0.176_{stat} \pm 0.039_{sys}$, which is in agreement with an earlier measurement with the polarized target technique at similar kinematics. The form factor ratio at $Q^2$=5.66 (GeV/c)$^2$ has been determined as $μ_p G_E^p/G_M^p=0.244\pm0.353_{stat}\pm0.013_{sys}$, which represents the highest $Q^2$ reach with the double spin asymmetry with polarized target to date.

C. Chen

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190 published item(s)

A search for feebly-interacting particles in $B$ decays with missing energy at Belle

Enhancing Train-Free Infinite-Frame Generation for Consistent Long Videos

Evidence for the rare decay $B^{+} \to \bar Λp μ^{+} μ^{-}$

Measurement of transverse $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ hyperon polarization in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV

Search for lepton-number-violating $B^-\to D^{(*)+}μ^-μ^-$ decays

Study of charm mixing and CP violation with $D^0\to K^\pmπ^\mpπ^\pmπ^\mp$ decays

Coherent photoproduction of $ρ^0, ω$ and excited vector mesons in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions

Measurement of branching fractions of $Λ_{c}^{+}$ decays to $Σ^{+} η$ and $Σ^{+} η&#39;$

Investigation of the $ΔI = 1/2$ rule and test of CP violation through the measurement of decay asymmetry parameters in $Ξ^-$ decays

Measurement of branching fractions and direct $CP$ asymmetries for $B \to Kπ$ and $B\toππ$ decays at Belle II

Measurement of the $B^{0} \rightarrow D^{*-} \ell^{+} ν_{\ell}$ branching ratio and $|V_{cb}|$ with a fully reconstructed accompanying $B$ meson in 2019-2021 Belle II data

Model-based cross-correlation search for gravitational waves from the low-mass X-ray binary Scorpius X-1 in LIGO O3 data

Search for hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness in $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow K^+ D_{s}^{*-} D^{*0}+c.c.$

$B$-flavor tagging at Belle II

$J/ψ$ photo-production in Pb-Pb peripheral collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5 TeV

All-sky search for gravitational wave emission from scalar boson clouds around spinning black holes in LIGO O3 data

Amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of the decay $D_{s}^{+} \to K^+π^+π^-$

Amplitude analysis and branching-fraction measurement of $D_{s}^{+} \to π^{+}π^{0}η^{\prime}$

Analysis of neutral $B$-meson decays into two muons

Angular analysis of $D^0 \to π^+π^-μ^+μ^-$ and $D^0 \to K^+K^-μ^+μ^-$ decays and search for $CP$ violation

Belle II Executive Summary

Constraints from LIGO O3 data on gravitational-wave emission due to r-modes in the glitching pulsar PSR J0537-6910

Constraints on the CKM angle $γ$ from $B^\pm\to Dh^\pm$ decays using $D\rightarrow h^\pm h^{\prime\mp}π^0$ final states

Cross section measurements of the processes $e^+e^- \rightarrow ωπ^{0}$ and $ωη$ at center-of-mass energies between 3.773 and 4.701 GeV

Data efficient reinforcement learning and adaptive optimal perimeter control of network traffic dynamics

Deeply virtual Compton scattering cross section at high Bjorken $x_B$

Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop

DENT-DDSP: Data-efficient noisy speech generator using differentiable digital signal processors for explicit distortion modelling and noise-robust speech recognition

Evidence for a new structure in the $J/ψp$ and $J/ψ\bar{p}$ systems in $B_s^0 \to J/ψp \bar{p}$ decays

Experimental tests of sub-surface reflectors as an explanation for the ANITA anomalous events

First all-flavor search for transient neutrino emission using 3-years of IceCube DeepCore data

First decay-time-dependent analysis of $B^{0} \to K_{S}^{0} π^{0}$ at Belle II

First joint observation by the underground gravitational-wave detector, KAGRA, with GEO600

First measurement of the $Z\rightarrow μ^+ μ^-$ angular coefficients in the forward region of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

First Observation of the Semileptonic Decay $Λ_c^+\rightarrow pK^- e^+ν_e$

Hybridization and Correlation between f- and d-orbital electrons in a valence fluctuating compound EuNi2P2

Identification of charm jets at LHCb

Measurement of $e^{+}e^{-} \to K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}$ cross section and observation of a resonant structure

Measurement of $χ_{c1}(3872)$ production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ and $13$ TeV

Measurement of Branching Fraction and Longitudinal Polarization in $B^0 \to ρ^+ ρ^-$ Decays at Belle II

Measurement of prompt charged-particle production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV

Measurement of the $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-$ decay properties and search for the $B^0\toμ^+μ^-$ and $B^0_s\toμ^+μ^-γ$ decays

Measurement of the branching fraction and decay asymmetry of $Λ\to nγ$

Measurement of the branching fraction for $ψ(3686)\to ωK^0_SK^0_S$

Measurement of the branching fraction of the $B^0 \to K_S^0 π^0 γ$ decay using 190 fb$^{-1}$ of Belle II data

Measurement of the branching fraction of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay $D^0\to K^+π^-π^0$ and search for $D^0\to K^+π^-π^0π^0$

Measurement of the charm mixing parameter $y_{CP} - y_{CP}^{Kπ}$ using two-body $D^0$ meson decays

Measurement of the Cross Section for $e^{+}e^{-}\to$ hadrons at Energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV

Measurement of the cross section of $e^{+}e^{-}\toηπ^{+}π^{-}$ at center-of-mass energies from 3.872 GeV to 4.700 GeV

Measurement of the lifetimes of promptly produced $Ω^{0}_{c}$ and $Ξ^{0}_{c}$ baryons

Measurement of the nuclear modification factor and prompt charged particle production in $p\mathrm{Pb}$ and $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm{NN}}}=5\,\mathrm{TeV}$

Measurement of the photon polarization in $Λ_b \to Λγ$ decays

Measurement of the total and leptonic decay widths of the $J/ψ$ resonance with an energy scan method at BESIII

Measurement of the W boson mass

Narrowband searches for continuous and long-duration transient gravitational waves from known pulsars in the LIGO-Virgo third observing run

Observation of $a_0(1710)^+ \to K_S^0K^+$ in study of the $D_s^+\to K_S^0K^+π^0$ decay

Observation of $η_c(2S) \to 3(π^+π^-)$ and measurements of $χ_{cJ} \to 3(π^+π^-)$ in $ψ(3686)$ radiative transitions

Observation of $Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^+ p π^-π^-$ and $Λ_b^0\rightarrow D^{*+} p π^-π^-$ decays

Observation of an exotic narrow doubly charmed tetraquark

Observation of non-trivial topological electronic structure of orthorhombic SnSe

Observation of resonance structures in $e^+e^-\to π^+π^-ψ_2(3823)$ and mass measurement of $ψ_2(3823)$

Observation of the $B^0\rightarrow\overline{D}^{*0}K^{+}π^{-}$ and $B_s^0\rightarrow\overline{D}^{*0}K^{-}π^{+}$ decays

Observation of the double Dalitz decay $η&#39;\to e^+e^-e^+e^-$

Observation of the doubly charmed baryon decay $\it{Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_{c}^{&#39;+}π^{+}}$

Observation of the suppressed $Λ_b^0\to D p K^-$ decay with $D\to K^+ π^-$ and measurement of its $C\!P$ asymmetry

Observation of the toroidal rotation in a new designed compact torus system for EAST

Observation of two new excited ${\itΞ}_b^0$ states decaying to ${\itΛ}_b^0 K^-π^+$

Precise determination of the B0s-B0sbar oscillation frequency

Precision measurement of forward $Z$ boson production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

Probing for high momentum protons in $^4$He via the $^4He(e,e&#39;p)X$ reaction

Robust Kagome Electronic Structure in Topological Quantum Magnets XMn6Sn6 (X = Dy, Tb, Gd, Y)

Search for $X(3872)\toπ^0χ_{c0}$ and $X(3872)\toππχ_{c0}$ at BESIII

Measurement of branching fractions of $Λ_{c}^{+}$ decays to $Σ^{+} η$ and $Σ^{+} η'$

Search for hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness in $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow K^+ D_{s}^{-} D^{0}+c.c.$

Observation of the $B^0\rightarrow\overline{D}^{0}K^{+}π^{-}$ and $B_s^0\rightarrow\overline{D}^{0}K^{-}π^{+}$ decays

Observation of the double Dalitz decay $η'\to e^+e^-e^+e^-$

Observation of the doubly charmed baryon decay $\it{Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_{c}^{'+}π^{+}}$

Probing for high momentum protons in $^4$He via the $^4He(e,e'p)X$ reaction

Search for anisotropic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs

All-sky, all-frequency directional search for persistent gravitational-waves from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs

Cross section measurements of the $e^+e^-\to D^{+}D^{-}$ and $e^+e^-\to D^{*+}D^{-}$ processes at center-of-mass energies from 4.085 to 4.600 GeV

Measurement of branching fraction ratios for $B^+\to D^{+}D^-K^+$, $B^+\to D^{-}D^+K^+$, and $B^0\to D^{*-}D^0K^+$ decays

Search for subsolar-mass binaries in the first half of Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run

IceCube Search for Neutrinos Coincident with Compact Binary Mergers from LIGO-Virgo's First Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog