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preprint2014arXiv

Double Chooz: Latest results

The latest results from the Double Chooz experiment on the neutrino mixing angle $θ_{13}$ are presented. A detector located at an average distance of 1050 m from the two reactor cores of the Chooz nuclear power plant has accumulated a live time of 467.90 days, corresponding to an exposure of 66.5 GW-ton-year (reactor power $\times$ detector mass $\times$ live time). A revised analysis has boosted the signal efficiency and reduced the backgrounds and systematic uncertainties compared to previous publications, paving the way for the two detector phase. The measured $\sin^2 2θ_{13} = 0.090^{+0.032}_{-0.029}$ is extracted from a fit to the energy spectrum. A deviation from the prediction above a visible energy of 4 MeV is found, being consistent with an unaccounted reactor flux effect, which does not affect the $θ_{13}$ result. A consistent value of $θ_{13}$ is measured in a rate-only fit to the number of observed candidates as a function of the reactor power, confirming the robustness of the result.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2011arXiv

The True-Twin microcalorimeter: a proof-of-concept experiment

We present a proof-of-concept experiment to realize microwave primary power standard with a true-twin microcalorimeter. Double feeding line microcalorimeters are widely used by National Metrology Institutes. A drawback concerns the system calibration: traditional processes changes measurement conditions between system characterization and the measurement stage. Nevertheless, if the feeding lines are made twin, a measurement scheme that avoids separate characterization can be applied, equations simplify and time consumption is halved. Here we demonstrates the feasibility of the idea. The result of an effective efficiency spectroscopy of a thermoelectric power sensor is compared with figures obtained with well established methods.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2010arXiv

Realization and preliminary measurements on a 94 GHz SIS mixer

In this paper we present the realization and a preliminary characterization of a SIS based receiver. It has been developed for the MASTER experiment that consists in a three-band SIS receiver (94, 225 and 345 GHz) for astrophysical observations through the atmospheric windows available at high altitude dry sites. The measurements performed establish an upper limit to the overall receiver noise temperature. A comparison has been tried with the MASTER requirements and with state of the art results. A noise figure of 110 K has been obtained at 94 GHz, about 22 times the quantum limit.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2016arXiv

Monolayer MoS2/GaAs heterostructure self-driven photodetector with extremely high detectivity

Two dimensional material/semiconductor heterostructures offer alternative platforms for optoelectronic devices other than conventional Schottky and p-n junction devices. Herein, we use MoS2/GaAs heterojunction as a self-driven photodetector with wide response band width from ultraviolet to visible light, which exhibits high sensitivity to the incident light of 635 nm with responsivity as 446 mA/W and detectivity as 5.9*10^13 Jones (Jones = cm Hz1/2 W-1), respectively. Employing interface design by inserting h-BN and photo-induced doping by covering Si quantum dots on the device, the responsivity is increased to 419 mA/W for incident light of 635 nm. Distinctly, attributing to the low dark current of the MoS2/h-BN/GaAs sandwich structure based on the self-driven operation condition, the detectivity shows extremely high value of 1.9*10^14 Jones for incident light of 635 nm, which is higher than all the reported values of the MoS2 based photodetectors. Further investigations reveal that the MoS2/GaAs based photodetectors have response speed with the typical rise/fall time as 17/31 μs. The photodetectors are stable while sealed with polymethyl methacrylate after storage in air for one month. These results imply that monolayer MoS2/GaAs heterojunction may have great potential for practical applications as high performance self-driven photodetectors.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2018arXiv

Optimization based evaluation of grating interferometric phase stepping series and analysis of mechanical setup instabilities

The diffraction contrast modalities accessible by X-ray grating interferometers are not imaged directly but have to be inferred from sine like signal variations occurring in a series of images acquired at varying relative positions of the interferometer's gratings. The absolute spatial translations involved in the acquisition of these phase stepping series usually lie in the range of only a few hundred nanometers, wherefore positioning errors as small as 10nm will already translate into signal uncertainties of one to ten percent in the final images if not accounted for. Classically, the relative grating positions in the phase stepping series are considered input parameters to the analysis and are, for the Fast Fourier Transform that is typically employed, required to be equidistantly distributed over multiples of the gratings' period. More general optimization based approaches with relaxed requirements on the sampling positions are often deemed too time consuming in contrast. In the following, a fast converging optimization scheme is presented simultaneously determining the phase stepping curves' parameters as well as the actually performed motions of the stepped grating, including also erroneous rotational motions which are commonly neglected. While the correction of solely the translational errors along the stepping direction is found to be sufficient with regard to the reduction of image artifacts, the possibility to also detect minute rotations about all axes proves to be a valuable tool for system calibration and monitoring. The simplicity of the provided algorithm, in particular when only considering translational errors, makes it well suitable as a standard evaluation procedure also for large image series.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2018arXiv

XCALIB: a focal spot calibrator for intense X-ray free-electron laser pulses based on the charge state distributions of light atoms

We develop the XCALIB toolkit to calibrate the beam profile of an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) at the focal spot based on the experimental charge state distributions (CSDs) of light atoms. Accurate characterization of the fluence distribution at the focal spot is essential to perform the volume integrations of physical quantities for a quantitative comparison between theoretical and experimental results, especially for fluence dependent quantities. The use of the CSDs of light atoms is advantageous because CSDs directly reflect experimental conditions at the focal spot, and the properties of light atoms have been well established in both theory and experiment. To obtain theoretical CSDs, we use XATOM, a toolkit to calculate atomic electronic structure and to simulate ionization dynamics of atoms exposed to intense XFEL pulses, which involves highly excited multiple core hole states. Employing a simple function with a few parameters, the spatial profile of an XFEL beam is determined by minimizing the difference between theoretical and experimental results. We have implemented an optimization procedure employing the reinforcement learning technique. The technique can automatize and organize calibration procedures which, before, had been performed manually. XCALIB has high flexibility, simultaneously combining different optimization methods, sets of charge states, and a wide range of parameter space. Hence, in combination with XATOM, XCALIB serves as a comprehensive tool to calibrate the fluence profile of a tightly focused XFEL beam in the interaction region.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Phase-Noise and Amplitude-Noise Measurement of DACs and DDSs

This article proposes a method for the measurement of Phase Noise (PN, or PM noise) and Amplitude Noise (AN, or AM noise) of Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC) and Direct Digital Synthesizers (DDS) based on modulation-index amplification. The carrier is first reduced by a controlled amount (30-40 dB) by adding a reference signal of nearly equal amplitude and opposite in phase. Then, residual carrier and noise sidebands are amplified and sent to a conventional PN analyzer. The main virtues of our method are: (i) the noise specs of the PN analyzer are relaxed by a factor equal to the carrier suppression ratio; and, (ii) the capability to measure the AN using a PN analyzer, with no need for the analyzer to feature AN measurement. An obvious variant enables AN and PN measurements using an AN analyzer with no PN measurement capability. Such instrument is extremely simple and easy to implement with a power-detector diode followed by a FFT analyzer. Unlike the classical bridge (interferometric) method, there is no need for external line stretcher and variable attenuators because phase and amplitude control is implemented in the device under test. In one case (AD9144), we could measure the noise over 10 decades of frequency. The flicker noise matches the exact $1/f$ law with a maximum discrepancy of $\pm1$ dB over 7.5 decades. Thanks to simplicity, reliability, and low background noise, this method has the potential to become the standard method for the AN and PN measurement of DACs and DDSs.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Analysis of Testbeam Data of the Highly Granular RPC-Steel CALICE Digital Hadron Calorimeter and Validation of Geant4 Monte Carlo Models

We present a study of the response of the highly granular Digital Hadronic Calorimeter with steel absorbers, the Fe-DHCAL, to positrons, muons, and pions with momenta ranging from 2 to 60 GeV/c. Developed in the context of the CALICE collaboration, this hadron calorimeter utilises Resistive Plate Chambers as active media, interspersed with steel absorber plates. With a transverse granularity of $1\,\times\,1\,$cm$^{2}$ and a longitudinal segmentation of 38 layers, the calorimeter counted 350,208 readout channels, each read out with single-bit resolution (digital readout). The data were recorded in the Fermilab test beam in 2010-11. The analysis includes measurements of the calorimeter response and the energy resolution to positrons and muons, as well as detailed studies of various shower shape quantities. The results are compared to simulations based on Geant4, which utilise different electromagnetic and hadronic physics lists.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

A New Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Plastic Packaging Against Radon Penetration

Deposition of $^{222}Rn$ daughters onto detector materials pose a risk to ultra-low background experiments. To mitigate this risk, a common approach is to enclose detector components in sealed plastic bags made of films known to be effective barriers against radon. We describe a new method to evaluate radon barriers which is unique in that (a) it gauges not only the intrinsic resistance to radon penetration of a plastic film but also the integrity of bags fabricated from the film and sealed following some protocol, and (b) it employs gamma spectroscopy rather than alpha spectroscopy. We report the results of applying this method to sealed bags fabricated from polypropylene, Nylon, Mylar, metallized Mylar, FEP, and PFA. Evaluation of the fluoropolymers FEP and PFA as radon barriers are the first such measurements.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2018arXiv

Definition of design guidelines, construction and performance of an ultra-stable scanning tunneling microscope for spectroscopic imaging

Spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful technique to study quantum materials, with the ability to provide information about the local electronic structure with subatomic resolution. However, as most spectroscopic measurements are conducted without feedback to the tip, it is extremely sensitive to vibrations coming from the environment. This requires the use of laboratories with low-vibration facilities combined with a very rigid microscope construction. In this article, we report on the design and fabrication of an ultra-stable STM for spectroscopic-imaging measurements that operates in ultra high vacuum and at low temperatures (4 K). We perform finite element analysis calculations for the main components of the microscope in order to guide design choices towards higher stiffness and we choose sapphire as the main material of the STM head. By combining these two strategies, we construct a STM head with measured lowest resonant frequencies above f0=13 kHz for the coarse approach mechanism, a value three times higher than previously reported, and in good agreement with the calculations. With this, we achieve an average vibration level of $\sim$ 6 fm/sqrt(Hz), without a dedicated low-vibration lab. We demonstrate the microscope's performance with topographic and spectroscopic measurements on the correlated metal Sr2RhO4, showing the quasiparticle interference pattern in real and reciprocal space with high signal-to-noise ratio.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Three-dimensional charge transport mapping by two-photon absorption edge transient-current technique in synthetic single-crystalline diamond

We demonstrate the application of two-photon absorption transient current technique to wide bandgap semiconductors. We utilize it to probe charge transport properties of single-crystal Chemical Vapor Deposition (scCVD) diamond. The charge carriers, inside the scCVD diamond sample, are excited by a femtosecond laser through simultaneous absorption of two photons. Due to the nature of two-photon absorption, the generation of charge carriers is confined in space (3-D) around the focal point of the laser. Such localized charge injection allows to probe the charge transport properties of the semiconductor bulk with a fine-grained 3-D resolution. Exploiting spatial confinement of the generated charge, the electrical field of the diamond bulk was mapped at different depths and compared to an X-ray diffraction topograph of the sample. Measurements utilizing this method provide a unique way of exploring spatial variations of charge transport properties in transparent wide-bandgap semiconductors.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Efficient wide-field FLIM

Nanosecond temporal resolution enables new methods for wide-field imaging like time-of-flight, gated detection, and fluorescence lifetime. The optical efficiency of existing approaches, however, presents challenges for low-light applications common to fluorescence microscopy and single-molecule imaging. We demonstrate the use of Pockels cells for wide-field image gating with nanosecond temporal resolution and high photon collection efficiency. Two temporal frames are obtained by combining a Pockels cell with a pair of polarizing beam-splitters. We show multi-label fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), single-molecule lifetime spectroscopy, and fast single-frame FLIM at the camera frame rate with $10^3 - 10^5$ times higher throughput than single photon counting. Finally, we demonstrate a space-to-time image multiplexer using a re-imaging optical cavity with a tilted mirror to extend the Pockels cell technique to multiple temporal frames. These methods enable nanosecond imaging with standard optical systems and sensors, opening a new temporal dimension for low-light microscopy.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Continuous data acquisition for liquid argon time projection chamber neutrino detectors using FPGA-based real-time compression algorithms

Liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) have been proposed as neutrino detectors that combine both large sizes to maximize the number of neutrino interactions and detailed recording of the interaction. The readout of thousands of channels at MHz sampling rates produce images of the neutrino-nucleus interaction with millimeter-scale resolution, enabling the identification of the resulting particles and offering multiple handles to measure their energies at the expense of large data rates. Continuous acquisition of the LArTPC data is required to enable the use of high-latency triggers for capturing non-accelerator-beam events. We describe the case of the continuous readout of the MicroBooNE LArTPC, that grants the possibility of acquiring the neutrino burst from a supernova using the SNEWS (Supernova Early Warning System) alert as delayed trigger. The continuous data acquisition is accomplished by using real-time compression algorithms (zero suppression and Huffman compression) implemented in an FPGA in the readout electronics.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Thallium Strontium Iodide: A High Efficiency Scintillator for Gamma-ray Detection

Europium-doped TlSr2I5 (TSI), a new high light yield scintillator for gamma-ray detection, has been grown by the vertical Bridgman method. A 12mm and 16mm diameter boules of TSI is grown in a two-zone vertical furnaces. Samples extracted from the grown boule have been characterized for their scintillation properties. Energy resolution of < 3% (FWHM) at 662 keV and a gamma-ray light yield of approximately 54,000 Ph/MeV have been obtained. Decay times of 395 ns (89%) and 2.0 microseconds (11%) have been measured.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Identification and correction of Sagnac frequency variations: an implementation for the GINGERINO data analysis

Ring laser gyroscopes are top sensitivity inertial sensors used in the measurement of angular rotation rates. It is well known that the response of such remarkable instruments can in principle access the very low frequency band, but the occurrence of nonlinear effects in the laser dynamics imposes severe limitations in terms of sensitivity and stability. We report here general relationships aimed at evaluating corrections able to effectively account for nonlinear laser dynamics. The so-derived corrections are applied to analyse thirty days of continuous operation of the large area ring laser gyroscope GINGERINO leading to duly reconstruct the Sagnac frequency $ω_S$. The analysis shows that, on the average, the evaluated corrections affect the measurement of the Earth rotation rate $Ω_E$ at the level of 1 part in $1.5\times10^{3}$. Among the identified corrections, the null shift term $ω_{NS}$ is the dominant one. It turns out proportional to the optical losses $μ$ of the ring cavity, which are changing in time at the level of $10\%$ within the considered period of thirty days. The time behaviour is reconstructed based on available signals (interferogram and mono-beam intensities), and the Allan deviation of the estimated $Ω_E$ shows a remarkable long term stability, leading to a sensitivity better than $10^{-10}$rad/s with more than $10$s of integration time, and approaching $(8.5\pm 0.5)\times 10^{-12}$rad/s with $4.5\times10^{5}$s of integration time.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Band structure tuning of Heusler compounds revisited: Spin- and momentum-resolved electronic structure analysis of compounds with different band filling

Spin-filtered time-of-flight photoelectron momentum microscopy reveals a systematic variation of the band structure within a series of highly spin-polarized ferromagnetic Heusler compounds with increasing number of valence electrons (Co2MnGa, Co2MnSi and Co2Fe0.4Mn0.6Si). The positions of the Fermi energy for minority and majority electrons deviate strongly from a simple band-filling model. Photoexcitation at h$ν$=6.05 eV (4th harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser) gives access to the spin-polarization texture P(EB,kx,ky) of the bulk bands in a (kx,ky)-range with diameter 1.4Å$^{-1}$ and energies from the Fermi energy EF to a binding energy of EB=2 eV. The minority bands of Co2MnGa cross the Fermi level, inhibiting half-metallicity; the crossing points allow a precise adjustment of experimental and theoretical majority and minority bands, requiring shifts in opposite directions. The top of the minority band lies only 0.15 eV above EF, i.e. Co2MnGa is much closer to being half-metallic than predicted by calculations. For half-metallic Co2MnSi and Co2Fe0.4Mn0.6Si clear minority band gaps are visible, the topmost occupied minority bands lie 0.5 and 0.35 eV below EF, in reasonable agreement with theory; the exchange splitting is significantly smaller than in theory. The comparison of all three compounds uncovers the surprising fact that with increasing number of valence electrons the frontier majority bands (close to EF) exhibit an increasing deficiency in filling, in comparison with the prediction of a DFT calculation. The same trend is visible in comparison with a DMFT calculation. For s-polarized excitation both half-metallic compounds exhibit nearly complete positive spin polarization close to EF, consistent with previous work in literature.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Advanced High-Performance Large Diameter Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) and Mixed Halides Scintillator

This paper reports on successful growth and performance evaluation of two large diameter Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) and Cs2HfCl4Br2 (CHCB), both recently developed scintillator crystals. The discovery of Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) as a scintillator has lately generated much interest in this material and its family, which belongs to the K2PtCl6 cubic crystal structure. CHC is an intrinsic scintillator that is non-hygroscopic, has no self-radioactivity, provides excellent energy resolution, and has excellent non-proportionality. CHC has a moderate density of 3.9 g/cm3 and an effective atomic number of 58. Reported in this paper are transparent crack-free single crystal CHC and CHCB boules of one inch in diameter, both grown using the vertical Bridgman method. Samples retrieved from the boules, sized 23mm dia. x 30mm and 23mm dia. x 26mm, respectively, are characterized for their optical and scintillation properties. Energy resolutions of 3.5% and 3.7% (FWHM) at 662 keV, respectively, are reported. Results comparable to previously reported results for smaller crystals have been obtained. Studies on light yield, decay time, non-proportionality, as well as detector characterization are also reported.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Experimental demonstration of an electrostatic orbital angular momentum sorter for electrons

We report the first experimental demonstration of an electrostatic electron orbital angular momentum (OAM) sorter, which can be used to analyze the OAM states of electrons in a transmission electron microscope. We verify the sorter functionality for several electron beams possessing different superpositions of OAM states, and use it to record the electron beams OAM spectra. Our current electrostatic OAM sorter has an OAM resolution of 2 in the units of h/bar - the reduced Planck constant. It is expected to increase the OAM resolution of the sorter to the optimal resolution of 1 in the future via fine control of the sorting phase elements.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Laser-assisted Cellular Electrophysiology Measurement System

Patch-clamp technique is the gold standard for cellular electrophysiological measurements, which is capable of measuring single ion transport events across the cell membrane. However, the measurement possesses significant complexity, and it requires a high level of expertise, while its experimental throughput is nevertheless considerably low. Here, we suggest and experimentally demonstrate a laser-assisted method for performing cellular electrophysiological measurements. Femtosecond laser pulses, coupled to an optical microscope, are used to form a sub-micrometer hole on a thin polymer membrane separating two electrodes, where a nearby cell is subsequently placed onto the hole by negative pressure. Afterwards, the cell is punctured using subsequent laser exposure, revealing the cell membrane over the hole for electrophysiological recording. This system could be used to increase the output amount of the electrophysiological measurements substantially.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Detecting and Studying High-Energy Collider Neutrinos with FASER at the LHC

Neutrinos are copiously produced at particle colliders, but no collider neutrino has ever been detected. Colliders, and particularly hadron colliders, produce both neutrinos and anti-neutrinos of all flavors at very high energies, and they are therefore highly complementary to those from other sources. FASER, the recently approved Forward Search Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, is ideally located to provide the first detection and study of collider neutrinos. We investigate the prospects for neutrino studies of a proposed component of FASER, FASER$ν$, a 25cm x 25cm x 1.35m emulsion detector to be placed directly in front of the FASER spectrometer in tunnel TI12. FASER$ν$ consists of 1000 layers of emulsion films interleaved with 1-mm-thick tungsten plates, with a total tungsten target mass of 1.2 tons. We estimate the neutrino fluxes and interaction rates at FASER$ν$, describe the FASER$ν$ detector, and analyze the characteristics of the signals and primary backgrounds. For an integrated luminosity of 150 fb$^{-1}$ to be collected during Run 3 of the 14 TeV Large Hadron Collider from 2021-23, and assuming standard model cross sections, approximately 1300 electron neutrinos, 20,000 muon neutrinos, and 20 tau neutrinos will interact in FASER$ν$, with mean energies of 600 GeV to 1 TeV, depending on the flavor. With such rates and energies, FASER will measure neutrino cross sections at energies where they are currently unconstrained, will bound models of forward particle production, and could open a new window on physics beyond the standard model.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Slow light-enhanced optical imaging of microfiber radius variations with sub-Angström precision

Optical fibers play a key role in many different fields of science and technology. In particular, fibers with a diameter of several micrometers are intensively used in photonics. For these applications, it is often important to precisely know and control the fiber radius. Here, we demonstrate a novel technique to determine the local radius variation of a 30-micrometer diameter silica fiber with sub-Ångström precision with axial resolution of several tens of micrometers over a fiber length of more than half a millimeter. Our method relies on taking an image of the fiber&#39;s whispering-gallery modes (WGMs). In these WGMs, the speed of light propagating along the fiber axis is strongly reduced. This enables us to determine the fiber radius with a significantly enhanced precision, far beyond the diffraction limit. By exciting different axial modes, we verify the precision and reproducibility of our method and demonstrate that we can achieve a precision better than 0.3 Å. The method can be generalized to other experimental situations where slow light occurs and, thus, has a large range of potential applications in the realm of precision metrology and optical sensing.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Silicon Vertex & Tracking Detectors for the Compact Linear Collider

CLIC is a proposed linear $e^+e^-$ collider with center-of-mass energies of up to 3 TeV. Its main objectives are precise top quark, Higgs boson and Beyond Standard Model physics. In addition to spatial resolutions of a few micrometers and a very low material budget, the vertex and tracking detectors also require timing capabilities with a precision of a few nanoseconds to allow suppression of beam-induced background particles. Different technologies using hybrid silicon detectors are explored for the vertex detectors, such as dedicated 65 nm readout ASICs, small-pitch sensors as well as bonding using anisotropic conductive films. Monolithic sensors are the current choice for the tracking detector, and a prototype using a 180 nm high-resistivity CMOS process has been designed and produced, and is currently under evaluation. Different designs using a silicon-on-insulator process are under investigation for both vertex and tracking detector. All prototypes are tested in laboratory and beam tests, and newly developed simulation tools combining Geant4 and TCAD are used to assess and optimize their performance. This contribution gives an overview of the R&D program for the CLIC vertex and tracking detectors, highlighting new results from the prototypes.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Applying Resonant Spin Flippers with Poleshoes and Longitudinal Radio Frequency Fields to Time of Flight MIEZE

A time of flight MIEZE spectrometer study is presented. The instrument uses solenoid radio frequency (RF) spin flippers with square pole shoes and a magnetic yoke. These flippers can achieve higher static fields than conventional resonant RF spin flippers, which employ an air core. High fields are crucial for the construction of a high resolution and compact MIEZE spectrometer. Using both types of flippers two MIEZE spectrometer configurations are constructed and compared on the same beam line. It was demonstrated that the pole shoe/solenoid coil RF flippers can achieve a MIEZE signal, which is similar in quality to the conventional reference setup. The highest obtained modulation frequency was 100 kHz.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Upgrading the Inner Tracking System and the Time Projection Chamber of ALICE

The ALICE experiment at CERN is undergoing a major upgrade during the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) of the LHC during 2019-2020. The key elements regarding the central barrel are the installation of a new Inner Tracking System (ITS) and the upgrade of the large Time Projection Chamber (TPC). The TPC is currently being upgraded with a new readout system, including new GEM-based Readout Chambers and new front-end electronics enabling us to operate it in continuous mode. The new ITS based on CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors will significantly improve the impact parameter resolution and the tracking efficiency, especially for particles with low transverse momenta, as well as the readout-rate capability. In the following, the upgrades and their assembly and commissioning status will be outlined. Furthermore, an outlook will be given on plans for the upgrade of the ITS foreseen for the third long shutdown of the LHC in 2025-2026. For this upgrade, the three innermost layers could be replaced by cylindrical detector layers, made of curved wafer-scale-sized CMOS sensors, to lower even further the material budget and to improve the pointing resolution.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access

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