Octupole deformation for Ba isotopes in a reflection-asymmetric relativistic mean-field approach

The potential energy surfaces of even-even $^{142-156}$Ba are investigated in the constrained reflection-asymmetric relativistic mean-field approach with parameter set PK1. It is shown that for the ground states, $^{142}$Ba is near spherical,$^{156}$Ba well quadrupole-deformed, and in between $^{144-154}$Ba octupole deformed. In particular, the nuclei $^{148,150}$Ba with $N=92,94$ have the largest octupole deformations. By including the octupole degree of freedom, energy gaps $N=88$, $N=94$ and $Z=56$ near Fermi surfaces for the single-particle levels in $^{148}$Ba with $β_2\sim 0.26$ and $β_3\sim 0.17$ are found. Furthermore, the performance of the octupole deformation driving pairs ($ν2f_{7/2}$, $ν1i_{13/2}$) and ($π2d_{5/2}$, $π1h_{11/2}$) is demonstrated by analyzing the single-particle levels near Fermi surfaces in $^{148}$Ba.

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