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Researcher profile

Xiaohong Liu

Xiaohong Liu contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Computer Visioneess.IVMachine LearningArtificial Intelligenceeess.ASRoboticsSound

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Published work

16 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

MoGen: A Unified Collaborative Framework for Controllable Multi-Object Image Generation

Existing multi-object image generation methods face difficulties in achieving precise alignment between localized image generation regions and their corresponding semantics based on language descriptions, frequently resulting in inconsistent object quantities and attribute aliasing. To mitigate this limitation, mainstream approaches typically rely on external control signals to explicitly constrain the spatial layout, local semantic and visual attributes of images. However, this strong dependency makes the input format rigid, rendering it incompatible with the heterogeneous resource conditions of users and diverse constraint requirements. To address these challenges, we propose MoGen, a user-friendly multi-object image generation method. First, we design a Regional Semantic Anchor (RSA) module that precisely anchors phrase units in language descriptions to their corresponding image regions during the generation process, enabling text-to-image generation that follows quantity specifications for multiple objects. Building upon this foundation, we further introduce an Adaptive Multi-modal Guidance (AMG) module, which adaptively parses and integrates various combinations of multi-source control signals to formulate corresponding structured intent. This intent subsequently guides selective constraints on scene layouts and object attributes, achieving dynamic fine-grained control. Experimental results demonstrate that MoGen significantly outperforms existing methods in generation quality, quantity consistency, and fine-grained control, while exhibiting superior accessibility and control flexibility. Code is available at: https://github.com/Tear-kitty/MoGen/tree/master.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

PVRF: All-in-one Adverse Weather Removal via Prior-modulated and Velocity-constrained Rectified Flow

Adverse weather removal (AWR) in real-world images remains challenging due to heterogeneous and unseen degradations, while distortion-driven training often yields overly smooth results. We propose PVRF, a unified framework that integrates zero-shot soft weather perceptions with velocity-constrained rectified-flow refinement. PVRF introduces an AWR-specific question answering module (AWR-QA) that uses frozen vision--language models (VLMs) to estimate soft probabilities of weather types and low-level attribute scores. These perceptions condition restoration networks via attribute-modulated normalization (AMN) and weather-weighted adapters (WWA), producing an anchor estimate for refinement. We then learn a terminal-consistent residual rectified flow with perception-adaptive source perturbation and a terminal-consistent velocity parameterization to stabilize learning near the terminal regime. Extensive experiments show that PVRF improves both fidelity and perceptual quality over state-of-the-art baselines, with strong cross-dataset generalization on single and combined degradations. Code will be released at https://github.com/dongw22/PVRF.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

REF-VLM: Triplet-Based Referring Paradigm for Unified Visual Decoding

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate robust zero-shot capabilities across diverse vision-language tasks after training on mega-scale datasets. However, dense prediction tasks, such as semantic segmentation and keypoint detection, pose significant challenges for MLLMs when represented solely as text outputs. Simultaneously, current MLLMs utilizing latent embeddings for visual task decoding generally demonstrate limited adaptability to both multi-task learning and multi-granularity scenarios. In this work, we present \textbf{REF-VLM}, an end-to-end framework for unified training of various visual decoding tasks. To address complex visual decoding scenarios, we introduce the \textbf{Triplet-Based Referring Paradigm (TRP)}, which explicitly decouples three critical dimensions in visual decoding tasks through a triplet structure: concepts, decoding types, and targets. TRP employs symbolic delimiters to enforce structured representation learning, enhancing the parsability and interpretability of model outputs. Additionally, we construct \textbf{Visual-Task Instruction Following Dataset (VT-Instruct)}, a large-scale multi-task dataset containing over 100 million multimodal dialogue samples across 25 task types. Beyond text inputs and outputs, VT-Instruct incorporates various visual prompts such as point, box, scribble, and mask, and generates outputs composed of text and visual units like box, keypoint, depth and mask. The combination of different visual prompts and visual units generates a wide variety of task types, expanding the applicability of REF-VLM significantly. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that our REF-VLM outperforms other MLLMs across a variety of standard benchmarks. The code, dataset, and demo will be publicly available.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

Sketch Then Paint: Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Multi-Modal Large Language Models

Diffusion Multi-Modal Large Language Models (dMLLMs) are powerful for image generation, but optimizing them through reinforcement learning (RL) remains a major challenge. One primary difficulty is that a single image can be generated through many different unmasking sequences, which makes calculating importance ratios often intractable. Additionally, existing methods tend to ignore the hierarchical generation process of dMLLMs, where early tokens define the global layout and later tokens focus on local details. By assigning uniform rewards to all tokens, these current methods fail to reflect the actual contribution of each token to the final image. To address these issues, we propose Hierarchical Token GRPO (HT-GRPO), which integrates this hierarchy directly into the policy optimization process. Our approach features a Sketch-Then-Paint training scheme that organizes updates into three distinct stages: global, structure, and refinement. We also use a prompt-conditioned estimator to calculate importance ratios starting from a fully masked state. Furthermore, we introduce a Hierarchical Credit Assignment mechanism that prioritizes key structural tokens to ensure accurate reward propagation. Experiments using two popular dMLLM backbones, MMaDA and Lumina-DiMOO, demonstrate that HT-GRPO achieves substantial gains on the GenEval and DPG benchmarks. Evaluations across six additional metrics confirm significant improvements in image quality, aesthetics, and human preference.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2024arXiv

AttentionLut: Attention Fusion-based Canonical Polyadic LUT for Real-time Image Enhancement

Recently, many algorithms have employed image-adaptive lookup tables (LUTs) to achieve real-time image enhancement. Nonetheless, a prevailing trend among existing methods has been the employment of linear combinations of basic LUTs to formulate image-adaptive LUTs, which limits the generalization ability of these methods. To address this limitation, we propose a novel framework named AttentionLut for real-time image enhancement, which utilizes the attention mechanism to generate image-adaptive LUTs. Our proposed framework consists of three lightweight modules. We begin by employing the global image context feature module to extract image-adaptive features. Subsequently, the attention fusion module integrates the image feature with the priori attention feature obtained during training to generate image-adaptive canonical polyadic tensors. Finally, the canonical polyadic reconstruction module is deployed to reconstruct image-adaptive residual 3DLUT, which is subsequently utilized for enhancing input images. Experiments on the benchmark MIT-Adobe FiveK dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better enhancement performance quantitatively and qualitatively than the state-of-the-art methods.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2024arXiv

Q-Refine: A Perceptual Quality Refiner for AI-Generated Image

With the rapid evolution of the Text-to-Image (T2I) model in recent years, their unsatisfactory generation result has become a challenge. However, uniformly refining AI-Generated Images (AIGIs) of different qualities not only limited optimization capabilities for low-quality AIGIs but also brought negative optimization to high-quality AIGIs. To address this issue, a quality-award refiner named Q-Refine is proposed. Based on the preference of the Human Visual System (HVS), Q-Refine uses the Image Quality Assessment (IQA) metric to guide the refining process for the first time, and modify images of different qualities through three adaptive pipelines. Experimental shows that for mainstream T2I models, Q-Refine can perform effective optimization to AIGIs of different qualities. It can be a general refiner to optimize AIGIs from both fidelity and aesthetic quality levels, thus expanding the application of the T2I generation models.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2023arXiv

Distance Guided Generative Adversarial Network for Explainable Binary Classifications

Despite the potential benefits of data augmentation for mitigating the data insufficiency, traditional augmentation methods primarily rely on the prior intra-domain knowledge. On the other hand, advanced generative adversarial networks (GANs) generate inter-domain samples with limited variety. These previous methods make limited contributions to describing the decision boundaries for binary classification. In this paper, we propose a distance guided GAN (DisGAN) which controls the variation degrees of generated samples in the hyperplane space. Specifically, we instantiate the idea of DisGAN by combining two ways. The first way is vertical distance GAN (VerDisGAN) where the inter-domain generation is conditioned on the vertical distances. The second way is horizontal distance GAN (HorDisGAN) where the intra-domain generation is conditioned on the horizontal distances. Furthermore, VerDisGAN can produce the class-specific regions by mapping the source images to the hyperplane. Experimental results show that DisGAN consistently outperforms the GAN-based augmentation methods with explainable binary classification. The proposed method can apply to different classification architectures and has potential to extend to multi-class classification.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2023arXiv

SMPL: Simulated Industrial Manufacturing and Process Control Learning Environments

Traditional biological and pharmaceutical manufacturing plants are controlled by human workers or pre-defined thresholds. Modernized factories have advanced process control algorithms such as model predictive control (MPC). However, there is little exploration of applying deep reinforcement learning to control manufacturing plants. One of the reasons is the lack of high fidelity simulations and standard APIs for benchmarking. To bridge this gap, we develop an easy-to-use library that includes five high-fidelity simulation environments: BeerFMTEnv, ReactorEnv, AtropineEnv, PenSimEnv and mAbEnv, which cover a wide range of manufacturing processes. We build these environments on published dynamics models. Furthermore, we benchmark online and offline, model-based and model-free reinforcement learning algorithms for comparisons of follow-up research.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

PSCC-Net: Progressive Spatio-Channel Correlation Network for Image Manipulation Detection and Localization

To defend against manipulation of image content, such as splicing, copy-move, and removal, we develop a Progressive Spatio-Channel Correlation Network (PSCC-Net) to detect and localize image manipulations. PSCC-Net processes the image in a two-path procedure: a top-down path that extracts local and global features and a bottom-up path that detects whether the input image is manipulated, and estimates its manipulation masks at multiple scales, where each mask is conditioned on the previous one. Different from the conventional encoder-decoder and no-pooling structures, PSCC-Net leverages features at different scales with dense cross-connections to produce manipulation masks in a coarse-to-fine fashion. Moreover, a Spatio-Channel Correlation Module (SCCM) captures both spatial and channel-wise correlations in the bottom-up path, which endows features with holistic cues, enabling the network to cope with a wide range of manipulation attacks. Thanks to the light-weight backbone and progressive mechanism, PSCC-Net can process 1,080P images at 50+ FPS. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of PSCC-Net over the state-of-the-art methods on both detection and localization.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Sound Adversarial Audio-Visual Navigation

Audio-visual navigation task requires an agent to find a sound source in a realistic, unmapped 3D environment by utilizing egocentric audio-visual observations. Existing audio-visual navigation works assume a clean environment that solely contains the target sound, which, however, would not be suitable in most real-world applications due to the unexpected sound noise or intentional interference. In this work, we design an acoustically complex environment in which, besides the target sound, there exists a sound attacker playing a zero-sum game with the agent. More specifically, the attacker can move and change the volume and category of the sound to make the agent suffer from finding the sounding object while the agent tries to dodge the attack and navigate to the goal under the intervention. Under certain constraints to the attacker, we can improve the robustness of the agent towards unexpected sound attacks in audio-visual navigation. For better convergence, we develop a joint training mechanism by employing the property of a centralized critic with decentralized actors. Experiments on two real-world 3D scan datasets, Replica, and Matterport3D, verify the effectiveness and the robustness of the agent trained under our designed environment when transferred to the clean environment or the one containing sound attackers with random policy. Project: \url{https://yyf17.github.io/SAAVN}.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Video Frame Interpolation Transformer

Existing methods for video interpolation heavily rely on deep convolution neural networks, and thus suffer from their intrinsic limitations, such as content-agnostic kernel weights and restricted receptive field. To address these issues, we propose a Transformer-based video interpolation framework that allows content-aware aggregation weights and considers long-range dependencies with the self-attention operations. To avoid the high computational cost of global self-attention, we introduce the concept of local attention into video interpolation and extend it to the spatial-temporal domain. Furthermore, we propose a space-time separation strategy to save memory usage, which also improves performance. In addition, we develop a multi-scale frame synthesis scheme to fully realize the potential of Transformers. Extensive experiments demonstrate the proposed model performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively on a variety of benchmark datasets.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2021arXiv

Exploit Camera Raw Data for Video Super-Resolution via Hidden Markov Model Inference

To the best of our knowledge, the existing deep-learning-based Video Super-Resolution (VSR) methods exclusively make use of videos produced by the Image Signal Processor (ISP) of the camera system as inputs. Such methods are 1) inherently suboptimal due to information loss incurred by non-invertible operations in ISP, and 2) inconsistent with the real imaging pipeline where VSR in fact serves as a pre-processing unit of ISP. To address this issue, we propose a new VSR method that can directly exploit camera sensor data, accompanied by a carefully built Raw Video Dataset (RawVD) for training, validation, and testing. This method consists of a Successive Deep Inference (SDI) module and a reconstruction module, among others. The SDI module is designed according to the architectural principle suggested by a canonical decomposition result for Hidden Markov Model (HMM) inference; it estimates the target high-resolution frame by repeatedly performing pairwise feature fusion using deformable convolutions. The reconstruction module, built with elaborately designed Attention-based Residual Dense Blocks (ARDBs), serves the purpose of 1) refining the fused feature and 2) learning the color information needed to generate a spatial-specific transformation for accurate color correction. Extensive experiments demonstrate that owing to the informativeness of the camera raw data, the effectiveness of the network architecture, and the separation of super-resolution and color correction processes, the proposed method achieves superior VSR results compared to the state-of-the-art and can be adapted to any specific camera-ISP. Code and dataset are available at https://github.com/proteus1991/RawVSR.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

AIM 2020 Challenge on Efficient Super-Resolution: Methods and Results

This paper reviews the AIM 2020 challenge on efficient single image super-resolution with focus on the proposed solutions and results. The challenge task was to super-resolve an input image with a magnification factor x4 based on a set of prior examples of low and corresponding high resolution images. The goal is to devise a network that reduces one or several aspects such as runtime, parameter count, FLOPs, activations, and memory consumption while at least maintaining PSNR of MSRResNet. The track had 150 registered participants, and 25 teams submitted the final results. They gauge the state-of-the-art in efficient single image super-resolution.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

AWNet: Attentive Wavelet Network for Image ISP

As the revolutionary improvement being made on the performance of smartphones over the last decade, mobile photography becomes one of the most common practices among the majority of smartphone users. However, due to the limited size of camera sensors on phone, the photographed image is still visually distinct to the one taken by the digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. To narrow this performance gap, one is to redesign the camera image signal processor (ISP) to improve the image quality. Owing to the rapid rise of deep learning, recent works resort to the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to develop a sophisticated data-driven ISP that directly maps the phone-captured image to the DSLR-captured one. In this paper, we introduce a novel network that utilizes the attention mechanism and wavelet transform, dubbed AWNet, to tackle this learnable image ISP problem. By adding the wavelet transform, our proposed method enables us to restore favorable image details from RAW information and achieve a larger receptive field while remaining high efficiency in terms of computational cost. The global context block is adopted in our method to learn the non-local color mapping for the generation of appealing RGB images. More importantly, this block alleviates the influence of image misalignment occurred on the provided dataset. Experimental results indicate the advances of our design in both qualitative and quantitative measurements. The code is available publically.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

End-To-End Trainable Video Super-Resolution Based on a New Mechanism for Implicit Motion Estimation and Compensation

Video super-resolution aims at generating a high-resolution video from its low-resolution counterpart. With the rapid rise of deep learning, many recently proposed video super-resolution methods use convolutional neural networks in conjunction with explicit motion compensation to capitalize on statistical dependencies within and across low-resolution frames. Two common issues of such methods are noteworthy. Firstly, the quality of the final reconstructed HR video is often very sensitive to the accuracy of motion estimation. Secondly, the warp grid needed for motion compensation, which is specified by the two flow maps delineating pixel displacements in horizontal and vertical directions, tends to introduce additional errors and jeopardize the temporal consistency across video frames. To address these issues, we propose a novel dynamic local filter network to perform implicit motion estimation and compensation by employing, via locally connected layers, sample-specific and position-specific dynamic local filters that are tailored to the target pixels. We also propose a global refinement network based on ResBlock and autoencoder structures to exploit non-local correlations and enhance the spatial consistency of super-resolved frames. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art, and validate its strength in terms of local transformation handling, temporal consistency as well as edge sharpness.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

NTIRE 2020 Challenge on Image Demoireing: Methods and Results

This paper reviews the Challenge on Image Demoireing that was part of the New Trends in Image Restoration and Enhancement (NTIRE) workshop, held in conjunction with CVPR 2020. Demoireing is a difficult task of removing moire patterns from an image to reveal an underlying clean image. The challenge was divided into two tracks. Track 1 targeted the single image demoireing problem, which seeks to remove moire patterns from a single image. Track 2 focused on the burst demoireing problem, where a set of degraded moire images of the same scene were provided as input, with the goal of producing a single demoired image as output. The methods were ranked in terms of their fidelity, measured using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) between the ground truth clean images and the restored images produced by the participants' methods. The tracks had 142 and 99 registered participants, respectively, with a total of 14 and 6 submissions in the final testing stage. The entries span the current state-of-the-art in image and burst image demoireing problems.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access