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Won-Gi Paeng

Won-Gi Paeng contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

3 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

An Axiomatic Approach to General Intelligence: SANC(E3) -- Self-organizing Active Network of Concepts with Energy E3

General intelligence must reorganize experience into internal structures that enable prediction and action under finite resources. Existing systems implicitly presuppose fixed primitive units -- tokens, subwords, pixels, or predefined sensor channels -- thereby bypassing the question of how representational units themselves emerge and stabilize. This paper proposes SANC(E3), an axiomatic framework in which representational units are not given a priori but instead arise as stable outcomes of competitive selection, reconstruction, and compression under finite activation capacity, governed by the explicit minimization of an energy functional E3. SANC(E3) draws a principled distinction between system tokens -- structural anchors such as {here, now, I} and sensory sources -- and tokens that emerge through self-organization during co-occurring events. Five core axioms formalize finite capacity, association from co-occurrence, similarity-based competition, confidence-based stabilization, and the reconstruction-compression-update trade-off. A key feature is a pseudo-memory-mapped I/O mechanism, through which internally replayed Gestalts are processed via the same axiomatic pathway as external sensory input. As a result, perception, imagination, prediction, planning, and action are unified within a single representational and energetic process. From the axioms, twelve propositions are derived, showing that category formation, hierarchical organization, unsupervised learning, and high-level cognitive activities can all be understood as instances of Gestalt completion under E3 minimization.

preprint2026arXiv

Why Geometric Continuity Emerges in Deep Neural Networks: Residual Connections and Rotational Symmetry Breaking

Weight matrices in deep networks exhibit geometric continuity -- principal singular vectors of adjacent layers point in similar directions. While this property has been widely observed, its origin remains unexplained. Through experiments on toy MLPs and small transformers, we identify two mechanisms: residual connections create cross-layer gradient coherence that aligns weight updates across layers, and symmetry-breaking nonlinearities constrain all layers to a shared coordinate frame, preventing the rotation drift that would otherwise destabilize weight structure. Crucially, a nonlinear but rotation-preserving activation fails to retain continuity, isolating symmetry breaking -- not nonlinearity itself -- as the active ingredient. Activation and normalization play distinct roles: activation concentrates continuity in the leading singular direction, while normalization distributes it across multiple directions. In transformers, continuity is projection-specific: Q, K, Gate, and Up (which read from the residual stream) develop input-space ($\mathbf{v}_1$) continuity; O and Down (which write to it) develop output-space ($\mathbf{u}_1$) continuity; V alone, lacking an adjacent nonlinearity, develops only low continuity.

preprint2022arXiv

Cusp in the Symmetry Energy, Speed of Sound in Neutron Stars and Emergent Pseudo-Conformal Symmetry

We review how the "cusp" predicted in the nuclear symmetry energy generated by a topology change at density $n_{1/2}\gsim 2 n_0$ can have a surprising consequence, so far unrecognized in nuclear physics and astrophysics communities, on the structure of dense compact-star matter. The topology change, when translated into nuclear EFT with "effective" QCD degrees of freedom in terms of hidden local and scale symmetries duly taken into account, predicts an EoS that is soft below and stiff above $n\gsim n_{1/2}$, involving no low-order phase transitions, and yields the macrophysical properties of neutron stars consistent -- so far with no tension -- with the astrophysical observations, including the maximum mass $ 2.0\lsim M/ M_\odot\lsim 2.2$ as well as the GW data. Furthermore it describes the interior core of the massive stars populated by baryon-charge-fractionalized quasi-fermions that are neither baryonic nor quarkonic. It is argued that the cusp "buried" in the symmetry energy resulting from strong correlations with hidden heavy degrees of freedom leads, at $n\gsim n_{1/2}$, to what we dubbed "pseudo-conformal" sound speed, $v^2_{pcs}/c^2\approx 1/3$, precociously converged from below at $n_{1/2}$. It is not strictly conformal since the trace of energy-momentum tensor is not zero even in the chiral limit. This observation with the topology change identified with the putative hadron-quark continuity, taking place at at density $\gsim 2 n_0$, implies that the quantities accurately measured at $\sim n_0$ cannot give a stringent constraint for what takes place at the core density of compact stars $\sim (3-7) n_0$. This is because the change of degrees of freedom in effective field theory is involved. We discuss the implication of this on the recent PREX-II "dilemma" in the measured skin thickness of $^{208}$Pb.