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Liang Du

Liang Du contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

8 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Reducing Bias and Variance: Generative Semantic Guidance and Bi-Layer Ensemble for Image Clustering

Image clustering aims to partition unlabeled image datasets into distinct groups. A core aspect of this task is constructing and leveraging prior knowledge to guide the clustering process. Recent approaches introduce semantic descriptions as prior information, most of which typically relying on matching-based techniques with predefined vocabularies. However, the limited matching space restricts their adaptability to downstream clustering tasks. Moreover, these methods primarily focus on reducing bias to improve performance, frequently overlooking the importance of variance reduction. To address these limitations, we propose GSEC (Image Clustering based on Generative Semantic Guidance and Bi-Layer Ensemble), a framework designed to reduce bias through generative semantic guidance and mitigate variance via ensemble learning. Our method employs Multimodal Large Language Models to generate semantic descriptions and derive image embeddings via weighted averaging. Additionally, a bi-layer ensemble strategy integrates cross-modal information through BatchEnsemble in the inner layer and aligns outputs via an alignment mechanism in the outer layer. Comparative experiments demonstrate that GSEC outperforms 18 state-of-the-art methods across six benchmark datasets, while further analysis confirms its effectiveness in simultaneously reducing both bias and variance. The code is available at https://github.com/2017LI/GSEC.git.

preprint2023arXiv

Combining Bayesian reconstruction entropy with maximum entropy method for analytic continuations of matrix-valued Green's functions

The Bayesian reconstruction entropy is considered an alternative to the Shannon-Jaynes entropy, as it does not exhibit the asymptotic flatness characteristic of the Shannon-Jaynes entropy and obeys the scale invariance. It is commonly utilized in conjunction with the maximum entropy method to derive spectral functions from Euclidean time correlators produced by lattice QCD simulations. This study expands the application of the Bayesian reconstruction entropy to the reconstruction of spectral functions for Matsubara or imaginary-time Green's functions in quantum many-body physics. Furthermore, it extends the Bayesian reconstruction entropy to implement the positive-negative entropy algorithm, enabling the analytic continuations of matrix-valued Green's functions on an element-wise manner. Both the diagonal and off-diagonal components of the matrix-valued Green's functions are treated equally. Benchmark results for the analytic continuations of synthetic Green's functions indicate that the Bayesian reconstruction entropy, when combined with the preblur trick, demonstrates comparable performance to the Shannon-Jaynes entropy. Notably, it exhibits greater resilience to noises in the input data, particularly when the noise level is moderate.

preprint2022arXiv

AGO-Net: Association-Guided 3D Point Cloud Object Detection Network

The human brain can effortlessly recognize and localize objects, whereas current 3D object detection methods based on LiDAR point clouds still report inferior performance for detecting occluded and distant objects: the point cloud appearance varies greatly due to occlusion, and has inherent variance in point densities along the distance to sensors. Therefore, designing feature representations robust to such point clouds is critical. Inspired by human associative recognition, we propose a novel 3D detection framework that associates intact features for objects via domain adaptation. We bridge the gap between the perceptual domain, where features are derived from real scenes with sub-optimal representations, and the conceptual domain, where features are extracted from augmented scenes that consist of non-occlusion objects with rich detailed information. A feasible method is investigated to construct conceptual scenes without external datasets. We further introduce an attention-based re-weighting module that adaptively strengthens the feature adaptation of more informative regions. The network's feature enhancement ability is exploited without introducing extra cost during inference, which is plug-and-play in various 3D detection frameworks. We achieve new state-of-the-art performance on the KITTI 3D detection benchmark in both accuracy and speed. Experiments on nuScenes and Waymo datasets also validate the versatility of our method.

preprint2022arXiv

Multilingual Molecular Representation Learning via Contrastive Pre-training

Molecular representation learning plays an essential role in cheminformatics. Recently, language model-based approaches have gained popularity as an alternative to traditional expert-designed features to encode molecules. However, these approaches only utilize a single molecular language for representation learning. Motivated by the fact that a given molecule can be described using different languages such as Simplified Molecular Line Entry System (SMILES), The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), and The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI), we propose a multilingual molecular embedding generation approach called MM-Deacon (multilingual molecular domain embedding analysis via contrastive learning). MM-Deacon is pre-trained using SMILES and IUPAC as two different languages on large-scale molecules. We evaluated the robustness of our method on seven molecular property prediction tasks from MoleculeNet benchmark, zero-shot cross-lingual retrieval, and a drug-drug interaction prediction task.

preprint2021arXiv

Random vector functional link neural network based ensemble deep learning for short-term load forecasting

Electricity load forecasting is crucial for the power systems' planning and maintenance. However, its un-stationary and non-linear characteristics impose significant difficulties in anticipating future demand. This paper proposes a novel ensemble deep Random Vector Functional Link (edRVFL) network for electricity load forecasting. The weights of hidden layers are randomly initialized and kept fixed during the training process. The hidden layers are stacked to enforce deep representation learning. Then, the model generates the forecasts by ensembling the outputs of each layer. Moreover, we also propose to augment the random enhancement features by empirical wavelet transformation (EWT). The raw load data is decomposed by EWT in a walk-forward fashion, not introducing future data leakage problems in the decomposition process. Finally, all the sub-series generated by the EWT, including raw data, are fed into the edRVFL for forecasting purposes. The proposed model is evaluated on twenty publicly available time series from the Australian Energy Market Operator of the year 2020. The simulation results demonstrate the proposed model's superior performance over eleven forecasting methods in three error metrics and statistical tests on electricity load forecasting tasks.

preprint2020arXiv

3DCFS: Fast and Robust Joint 3D Semantic-Instance Segmentation via Coupled Feature Selection

We propose a novel fast and robust 3D point clouds segmentation framework via coupled feature selection, named 3DCFS, that jointly performs semantic and instance segmentation. Inspired by the human scene perception process, we design a novel coupled feature selection module, named CFSM, that adaptively selects and fuses the reciprocal semantic and instance features from two tasks in a coupled manner. To further boost the performance of the instance segmentation task in our 3DCFS, we investigate a loss function that helps the model learn to balance the magnitudes of the output embedding dimensions during training, which makes calculating the Euclidean distance more reliable and enhances the generalizability of the model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our 3DCFS outperforms state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets in terms of accuracy, speed and computational cost.

preprint2020arXiv

Associate-3Ddet: Perceptual-to-Conceptual Association for 3D Point Cloud Object Detection

Object detection from 3D point clouds remains a challenging task, though recent studies pushed the envelope with the deep learning techniques. Owing to the severe spatial occlusion and inherent variance of point density with the distance to sensors, appearance of a same object varies a lot in point cloud data. Designing robust feature representation against such appearance changes is hence the key issue in a 3D object detection method. In this paper, we innovatively propose a domain adaptation like approach to enhance the robustness of the feature representation. More specifically, we bridge the gap between the perceptual domain where the feature comes from a real scene and the conceptual domain where the feature is extracted from an augmented scene consisting of non-occlusion point cloud rich of detailed information. This domain adaptation approach mimics the functionality of the human brain when proceeding object perception. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our simple yet effective approach fundamentally boosts the performance of 3D point cloud object detection and achieves the state-of-the-art results.

preprint2020arXiv

Floquet engineering the Hofstadter butterfly in the square lattice and its effective Hamiltonian

In this paper, we use Floquet theory to theoretically study the effect of monochromatic circularly and linearly polarized light on the Hofstadter butterfly in the square lattice, which is induced by uniform perpendicular magnetic field. In the absence of laser, the butterfly has a fractal, self-similar structure particle-hole symmetry and reflection symmetry about magnetic flux $ϕ= 1/2$. These symmetries are preserved by the sub-lattice and the time-reversal symmetry, respectively. As the system is exposed to circularly polarized light, the original Hofsatdter butterfly in equilibrium is deformed by breaking both the particle-hole symmetry and the mirror symmetry, while the inversion symmetry about energy $E=0$ and magnetic flux $ϕ=1/2$ is preserved. Our study show that, the circularly polarized light break both the sub-lattice symmetry and the time-reversal symmetry. The inversion symmetry is preserved because the Hamiltonian at magnetic flux $ϕ$ and $1-ϕ$ is connected through the sub-lattice transformation. Focusing on the small flux region, we study the Landau level and the influence of circularly polarized light on the Landau level. On the contrary, the linearly polarized light deforms the original Hofstadter butterfly by breaking the rotational symmetry while preserving sub-lattice and the time-reversal symmetry. Further, we study the influence of the periodic drive on the Chern number of the lowest band in middle Floquet copy within the off-resonance regime. We found strong circularly polarized light will change the Chern number. For linearly polarized light, the Chern number will not change and the values stay independent of laser polarization direction. Our work highlights the generic features expected for the periodically driven Hofstadter problem on square lattice and provide the strategy to engineering the Hofstadter butterfly with laser.