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Jiajun Shen

Jiajun Shen contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

10 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Context Training with Active Information Seeking

Most existing large language models (LLMs) are expensive to adapt after deployment, especially when a task requires newly produced information or niche domain knowledge. Recent work has shown that, by manipulating and optimizing their context, LLMs can be tailored to downstream tasks without updating their weights. However, most existing methods remain closed-loop, relying solely on the model's intrinsic knowledge. In this paper, we equip these context optimizers with Wikipedia search and browser tools for active information seeking. We show that naively adding these tools to a standard sequential context optimization pipeline can actually degrade performance compared to baselines. However, when paired with a search-based training procedure that maintains and prunes multiple candidate contexts, active information seeking delivers consistent and substantial gains. We demonstrate these improvements across diverse domains, including low-resource translation (Flores+), health scenarios (HealthBench), and reasoning-heavy tasks (LiveCodeBench and Humanity's Last Exam). Furthermore, our method proves to be data-efficient, robust across different hyperparameters, and capable of generating effective textual contexts that generalize well across different models.

preprint2026arXiv

Latent Space Communication via K-V Cache Alignment

Solving increasingly complex problems with large language models (LLMs) necessitates a move beyond individual models and towards multi-model systems that can effectively collaborate. While text has traditionally served as the medium for inter-model communication, a richer and more efficient exchange is possible if models can access each other's internal states directly. In this paper, we propose learning a shared representation space that aligns the k-v caches of multiple models, creating a high-bandwidth channel for collaboration without altering the underlying pre-trained parameters. We do so by augmenting each model with adapters to translate its state into and out of this shared space. Via a suite of experiments with Gemma-2 models, we demonstrate that this approach not only enables seamless inter-model communication but also improves individual model performance. We also show that the shared space allows for the direct transfer of learned skills, such as soft prompts, between different models. Our work represents a significant step towards a future where models can fluidly share knowledge and capabilities.

preprint2026arXiv

MemReranker: Reasoning-Aware Reranking for Agent Memory Retrieval

In agent memory systems, the reranking model serves as the critical bridge connecting user queries with long-term memory. Most systems adopt the "retrieve-then-rerank" two-stage paradigm, but generic reranking models rely on semantic similarity matching and lack genuine reasoning capabilities, leading to a problem where recalled results are semantically highly relevant yet do not contain the key information needed to answer the question. This deficiency manifests in memory scenarios as three specific problems. First, relevance scores are miscalibrated, making threshold-based filtering difficult. Second, ranking degrades when facing temporal constraints, causal reasoning, and other complex queries. Third, the model cannot leverage dialogue context for semantic disambiguation. This report introduces MemReranker, a reranking model family (0.6B/4B) built on Qwen3-Reranker through multi-stage LLM knowledge distillation. Multi-teacher pairwise comparisons generate calibrated soft labels, BCE pointwise distillation establishes well-distributed scores, and InfoNCE contrastive learning enhances hard-sample discrimination. Training data combines general corpora with memory-specific multi-turn dialogue data covering temporal constraints, causal reasoning, and coreference resolution. On the memory retrieval benchmark, MemReranker-0.6B substantially outperforms BGE-Reranker and matches open-source 4B/8B models as well as GPT-4o-mini on key metrics. MemReranker-4B further achieves 0.737 MAP, with several metrics on par with Gemini-3-Flash, while maintaining inference latency at only 10--20% of large models. On finance and healthcare vertical-domain benchmarks, the models preserve generalization capabilities on par with mainstream large-parameter rerankers.

preprint2022arXiv

Abandoning the Bayer-Filter to See in the Dark

Low-light image enhancement - a pervasive but challenging problem, plays a central role in enhancing the visibility of an image captured in a poor illumination environment. Due to the fact that not all photons can pass the Bayer-Filter on the sensor of the color camera, in this work, we first present a De-Bayer-Filter simulator based on deep neural networks to generate a monochrome raw image from the colored raw image. Next, a fully convolutional network is proposed to achieve the low-light image enhancement by fusing colored raw data with synthesized monochrome raw data. Channel-wise attention is also introduced to the fusion process to establish a complementary interaction between features from colored and monochrome raw images. To train the convolutional networks, we propose a dataset with monochrome and color raw pairs named Mono-Colored Raw paired dataset (MCR) collected by using a monochrome camera without Bayer-Filter and a color camera with Bayer-Filter. The proposed pipeline take advantages of the fusion of the virtual monochrome and the color raw images and our extensive experiments indicate that significant improvement can be achieved by leveraging raw sensor data and data-driven learning.

preprint2022arXiv

Automatic Meta-Path Discovery for Effective Graph-Based Recommendation

Heterogeneous Information Networks (HINs) are labeled graphs that depict relationships among different types of entities (e.g., users, movies and directors). For HINs, meta-path-based recommenders (MPRs) utilize meta-paths (i.e., abstract paths consisting of node and link types) to predict user preference, and have attracted a lot of attention due to their explainability and performance. We observe that the performance of MPRs is highly sensitive to the meta-paths they use, but existing works manually select the meta-paths from many possible ones. Thus, to discover effective meta-paths automatically, we propose the Reinforcement learning-based Meta-path Selection (RMS) framework. Specifically, we define a vector encoding for meta-paths and design a policy network to extend meta-paths. The policy network is trained based on the results of downstream recommendation tasks and an early stopping approximation strategy is proposed to speed up training. RMS is a general model, and it can work with all existing MPRs. We also propose a new MPR called RMS-HRec, which uses an attention mechanism to aggregate information from the meta-paths. We conduct extensive experiments on real datasets. Compared with the manually selected meta-paths, the meta-paths identified by RMS consistently improve recommendation quality. Moreover, RMS-HRec outperforms state-of-the-art recommender systems by an average of 7% in hit ratio. The codes and datasets are available on https://github.com/Stevenn9981/RMS-HRec.

preprint2022arXiv

Federated Self-supervised Learning for Video Understanding

The ubiquity of camera-enabled mobile devices has lead to large amounts of unlabelled video data being produced at the edge. Although various self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have been proposed to harvest their latent spatio-temporal representations for task-specific training, practical challenges including privacy concerns and communication costs prevent SSL from being deployed at large scales. To mitigate these issues, we propose the use of Federated Learning (FL) to the task of video SSL. In this work, we evaluate the performance of current state-of-the-art (SOTA) video-SSL techniques and identify their shortcomings when integrated into the large-scale FL setting simulated with kinetics-400 dataset. We follow by proposing a novel federated SSL framework for video, dubbed FedVSSL, that integrates different aggregation strategies and partial weight updating. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and significance of FedVSSL as it outperforms the centralized SOTA for the downstream retrieval task by 6.66% on UCF-101 and 5.13% on HMDB-51.

preprint2022arXiv

Reconstruct Face from Features Using GAN Generator as a Distribution Constraint

Face recognition based on the deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) shows superior accuracy performance attributed to the high discriminative features extracted. Yet, the security and privacy of the extracted features from deep learning models (deep features) have been often overlooked. This paper proposes the reconstruction of face images from deep features without accessing the CNN network configurations as a constrained optimization problem. Such optimization minimizes the distance between the features extracted from the original face image and the reconstructed face image. Instead of directly solving the optimization problem in the image space, we innovatively reformulate the problem by looking for a latent vector of a GAN generator, then use it to generate the face image. The GAN generator serves as a dual role in this novel framework, i.e., face distribution constraint of the optimization goal and a face generator. On top of the novel optimization task, we also propose an attack pipeline to impersonate the target user based on the generated face image. Our results show that the generated face images can achieve a state-of-the-art successful attack rate of 98.0\% on LFW under type-I attack @ FAR of 0.1\%. Our work sheds light on the biometric deployment to meet the privacy-preserving and security policies.

preprint2022arXiv

Towards Efficient and Scale-Robust Ultra-High-Definition Image Demoireing

With the rapid development of mobile devices, modern widely-used mobile phones typically allow users to capture 4K resolution (i.e., ultra-high-definition) images. However, for image demoireing, a challenging task in low-level vision, existing works are generally carried out on low-resolution or synthetic images. Hence, the effectiveness of these methods on 4K resolution images is still unknown. In this paper, we explore moire pattern removal for ultra-high-definition images. To this end, we propose the first ultra-high-definition demoireing dataset (UHDM), which contains 5,000 real-world 4K resolution image pairs, and conduct a benchmark study on current state-of-the-art methods. Further, we present an efficient baseline model ESDNet for tackling 4K moire images, wherein we build a semantic-aligned scale-aware module to address the scale variation of moire patterns. Extensive experiments manifest the effectiveness of our approach, which outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a large margin while being much more lightweight. Code and dataset are available at https://xinyu-andy.github.io/uhdm-page.

preprint2022arXiv

Video Demoireing with Relation-Based Temporal Consistency

Moire patterns, appearing as color distortions, severely degrade image and video qualities when filming a screen with digital cameras. Considering the increasing demands for capturing videos, we study how to remove such undesirable moire patterns in videos, namely video demoireing. To this end, we introduce the first hand-held video demoireing dataset with a dedicated data collection pipeline to ensure spatial and temporal alignments of captured data. Further, a baseline video demoireing model with implicit feature space alignment and selective feature aggregation is developed to leverage complementary information from nearby frames to improve frame-level video demoireing. More importantly, we propose a relation-based temporal consistency loss to encourage the model to learn temporal consistency priors directly from ground-truth reference videos, which facilitates producing temporally consistent predictions and effectively maintains frame-level qualities. Extensive experiments manifest the superiority of our model. Code is available at \url{https://daipengwa.github.io/VDmoire_ProjectPage/}.

preprint2020arXiv

The Source-Target Domain Mismatch Problem in Machine Translation

While we live in an increasingly interconnected world, different places still exhibit strikingly different cultures and many events we experience in our every day life pertain only to the specific place we live in. As a result, people often talk about different things in different parts of the world. In this work we study the effect of local context in machine translation and postulate that particularly in low resource settings this causes the domains of the source and target language to greatly mismatch, as the two languages are often spoken in further apart regions of the world with more distinctive cultural traits and unrelated local events. We first formalize the concept of source-target domain mismatch, propose a metric to quantify it, and provide empirical evidence corroborating our intuition that organic text produced by people speaking very different languages exhibits the most dramatic differences. We conclude with an empirical study of how source-target domain mismatch affects training of machine translation systems for low resource language pairs. In particular, we find that it severely affects back-translation, but the degradation can be alleviated by combining back-translation with self-training and by increasing the relative amount of target side monolingual data.