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Researcher profile

Geng Li

Geng Li contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

ResearcherAffiliation not importedOpen to collaborate
cond-mat.mtrl-scihep-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.supr-conArtificial IntelligenceBiological PhysicsComputer VisionMachine LearningNetworking and Internet Architecturephysics.comp-phphysics.ins-detquant-phQuantitative Methods

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Published work

14 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

FIKA-Bench: From Fine-grained Recognition to Fine-Grained Knowledge Acquisition

Fine-grained recognition in everyday life is often not a closed-book classification problem: when encountering unfamiliar objects, humans actively search, compare visual details, and verify evidence before deciding. Existing benchmarks primarily evaluate visually recognition, leaving this active external knowledge acquisition ability underexplored. We study fine-grained knowledge acquisition, where a system must seek, verify, and use external evidence to answer open-ended fine-grained recognition questions. We introduce FIKA-Bench, a leakage-aware and evidence-grounded collection of 311 public-source and real-life instances. To ensure high quality, every example is filtered against frontier closed-book models to remove memorized cases and audited to eliminate image-answer leakage, retaining only samples supported by verified evidence. Our evaluation of latest Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) and agents reveals that the task remains a formidable challenge: the best system reaches only 25.1% accuracy, with no model exceeding 30%. Crucially, we find that merely equipping models with tools is insufficient to bridge this gap; agent failures are predominantly driven by wrong entity retrieval and poor visual judgement. These results show that reliable knowledge acquisition needs better agent designs that focus on fine-grained recognition.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Carbide: Highly Reliable Networks Through Real-Time Multiple Control Plane Composition

Achieving highly reliable networks is essential for network operators to ensure proper packet delivery in the event of software errors or hardware failures. Networks must ensure reachability and routing correctness, such as subnet isolation and waypoint traversal. Existing work in network verification relies on centralized computation at the cost of fault tolerance, while other approaches either build an over-engineered, complex control plane, or compose multiple control planes without providing any guarantee on correctness. This paper presents Carbide, a novel system to achieve high reliability in networks through distributed verification and multiple control plane composition. The core of Carbide is a simple, generic, efficient distributed verification framework that transforms a generic network verification problem to a reachability verification problem on a directed acyclic graph (DAG), and solves the latter via an efficient distributed verification protocol (DV-protocol). Equipped with verification results, Carbide allows the systematic composition of multiple control planes and realization of operator-specified consistency. Carbide is fully implemented. Extensive experiments show that (1) Carbide reduces downtime by 43% over the most reliable individual underlying control plane, while enforcing correctness requirements on all traffic; and (2) by systematically decomposing computation to devices and pruning unnecessary messaging between devices during verification, Carbide scales to a production data center network.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

EEML: Ensemble Embedded Meta-learning

To accelerate learning process with few samples, meta-learning resorts to prior knowledge from previous tasks. However, the inconsistent task distribution and heterogeneity is hard to be handled through a global sharing model initialization. In this paper, based on gradient-based meta-learning, we propose an ensemble embedded meta-learning algorithm (EEML) that explicitly utilizes multi-model-ensemble to organize prior knowledge into diverse specific experts. We rely on a task embedding cluster mechanism to deliver diverse tasks to matching experts in training process and instruct how experts collaborate in test phase. As a result, the multi experts can focus on their own area of expertise and cooperate in upcoming task to solve the task heterogeneity. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms recent state-of-the-arts easily in few-shot learning problem, which validates the importance of differentiation and cooperation.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Geodesic path for the optimal nonequilibrium transition: Momentum-independent protocol

Accelerating controlled thermodynamic processes requires an auxiliary Hamiltonian to steer the system into instantaneous equilibrium states. An extra energy cost is inevitably needed in such finite-time operation. We recently develop a geodesic approach to minimize such energy cost for the shortcut to isothermal process. The auxiliary control typically contains momentum-dependent terms, which are hard to be experimentally implemented due to the requirement of constantly monitoring the speed. In this work, we employ a variational auxiliary control without the momentum-dependent force to approximate the exact control. Following the geometric approach, we obtain the optimal control protocol with variational minimum energy cost. We demonstrate the construction of such protocol via an example of Brownian motion with a controllable harmonic potential.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Ordered and tunable Majorana-zero-mode lattice in naturally strained LiFeAs

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) obey non-Abelian statistics and are considered building blocks for constructing topological qubits. Iron-based superconductors with topological band structures have emerged as promising hosting materials, since isolated candidate MZMs in the quantum limit have been observed inside the topological vortex cores. However, these materials suffer from issues related to alloying-induced disorder, uncontrolled vortex lattices and a low yield of topological vortices. Here, we report the formation of an ordered and tunable MZM lattice in naturally-strained stoichiometric LiFeAs by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S). We observe biaxial charge density wave (CDW) stripes along the Fe-Fe and As-As directions in the strained regions. The vortices are pinned on the CDW stripes in the As-As direction and form an ordered lattice. We detect more than 90 percent of the vortices to be topological and possess the characteristics of isolated MZMs at the vortex center, forming an ordered MZM lattice with the density and the geometry tunable by an external magnetic field. Remarkably, with decreasing the spacing of neighboring vortices, the MZMs start to couple with each other. Our findings provide a new pathway towards tunable and ordered MZM lattices as a platform for future topological quantum computation.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2021arXiv

A low-temperature scanning probe microscopy system with molecular beam epitaxy and optical access

A low-temperature ultra-high vacuum scanning probe microscopy (SPM) system with molecular beam epitaxy capability and optical access was conceived, built, and tested in our lab. The design of the whole system is discussed here, with special emphasis on some critical parts. We made an SPM scanner head with a modified Pan-type design, enclosed by a double-layer cold room under a bath type cryostat. The scanner head is very rigid, compatible with optical access paths, and can accommodate both scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tips and atomic force sensors. Two piezo-actuated focus-lens stages are mounted on the two sides of the cold room to couple light in and out. To demonstrate the system performance, we performed STM and scanning tunneling spectroscopy studies. The herringbone reconstruction and atomic structure of Au(111) surface were clearly resolved. The dI/dV spectra of an Au(111) surface were obtained at 5 K. In addition, a periodic 2D tellurium (Te) structure was grown on Au(111) surface using MBE.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2021arXiv

Chirality locking charge density waves in a chiral crystal

In Weyl semimetals, charge density wave (CDW) order can spontaneously break the chiral symmetry, gap out the Weyl nodes, and drive the material into the axion insulating phase. Investigations have however been limited since CDWs are rarely seen in Weyl semimetals. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we report the discovery of a novel unidirectional CDW order on the (001) surface of chiral crystal CoSi - a unique Weyl semimetal with unconventional chiral fermions. The CDW is incommensurate with both lattice momentum and crystalline symmetry directions, and exhibits an intra unit cell π phase shift in the layer stacking direction. The tunneling spectrum shows a particle-hole asymmetric V-shaped energy gap around the Fermi level that modulates spatially with the CDW wave vector. Combined with first-principle calculations, we identify that the CDW is locked to the crystal chirality and is related by a mirror reflection between the two enantiomers of the chiral crystal. Our findings reveal a novel correlated topological quantum state in chiral CoSi crystals and raise the potential for realizing an axion insulator and exploring the unprecedented physical behaviors of unconventional chiral fermions.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2021arXiv

Electronic properties of silicene in BN/silicene van der Waals heterostructures

Silicene is a promising 2D Dirac material as a building block for van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). Here we investigate the electronic properties of hexagonal boron nitride/silicene (BN/Si) vdWHs using first-principles calculations. We calculate the energy band structures of BN/Si/BN heterostructures with different rotation angles and find that the electronic properties of silicene are retained and protected robustly by the BN layers. In BN/Si/BN/Si/BN heterostructure, we find that the band structure near the Fermi energy is sensitive to the stacking configurations of the silicene layers due to interlayer coupling. The coupling is reduced by increasing the number of BN layers between the silicene layers and becomes negligible in BN/Si/(BN)3/Si/BN. In (BN)n/Si superlattices, the band structure undergoes a conversion from Dirac lines to Dirac points by increasing the number of BN layers between the silicene layers. Calculations of silicene sandwiched by other 2D materials reveal that silicene sandwiched by low-carbon-doped boron nitride or HfO2 is semiconducting.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2021arXiv

Geodesic path for the minimal energy cost in shortcuts to isothermality

Shortcut to isothermality is a driving strategy to steer the system to its equilibrium states within finite time, and enables evaluating the impact of a control promptly. Finding optimal scheme to minimize the energy cost is of critical importance in applications of this strategy in pharmaceutical drug test, biological selection, and quantum computation. We prove the equivalence between designing the optimal scheme and finding the geodesic path in the space of control parameters. Such equivalence allows a systematic and universal approach to find the optimal control to reduce the energy cost. We demonstrate the current method with examples of a Brownian particle trapped in controllable harmonic potentials.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2021arXiv

Observation of magnetic adatom-induced Majorana vortex and its hybridization with field-induced Majorana vortex in an iron-based superconductor

Braiding Majorana zero modes is essential for fault-tolerant topological quantum computing. Iron-based superconductors with nontrivial band topology have recently emerged as a surprisingly promising platform for creating distinct Majorana zero modes in magnetic vortices in a single material and at relatively high temperatures. The magnetic field-induced Abrikosov vortex lattice makes it difficult to braid a set of Majorana zero modes or to study the coupling of a Majorana doublet due to overlapping wave functions. Here we report the observation of the proposed quantum anomalous vortex with integer quantized vortex core states and the Majorana zero mode induced by magnetic Fe adatoms deposited on the surface. We observe its hybridization with a nearby field-induced Majorana vortex in iron-based superconductor FeTe0.55Se0.45. We also observe vortex-free Yu-Shiba-Rusinov bound states at the Fe adatoms with a weaker coupling to the substrate, and discover a reversible transition between Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states and Majorana zero mode by manipulating the exchange coupling strength. The dual origin of the Majorana zero modes, from magnetic adatoms and external magnetic field, provides a new single-material platform for studying their interactions and braiding in superconductors bearing topological band structures.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

How initial distribution affects symmetry breaking induced by panic in ants: experiment and flee-pheromone model

Collective escaping is a ubiquitous phenomenon in animal groups. Symmetry breaking caused by panic escape exhibits a shared feature across species that one exit is used more than the other when agents escaping from a closed space with two symmetrically located exists. Intuitively, one exit will be used more by more individuals close to it, namely there is an asymmetric distribution initially. We used ant groups to investigate how initial distribution of colonies would influence symmetry breaking in collective escaping. Surprisingly, there was no positive correlation between symmetry breaking and the asymmetrically initial distribution, which was quite counter-intuitive. In the experiments, a flee stage was observed and accordingly a flee-pheromone model was introduced to depict this special behavior in the early stage of escaping. Simulation results fitted well with the experiment. Furthermore, the flee stage duration was calibrated quantitatively and the model reproduced the observation demonstrated by our previous work. This paper explicitly distinguished two stages in ant panic escaping for the first time, thus enhancing the understanding in escaping behavior of ant colonies.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Relativistic calculations of $R(D^{(*)})$, $R(D^{(*)}_s)$, $R(η_c)$ and $R(J/ψ)$

Recently, the deviation of the ratios $R(D)$, $R(D^{*})$ and $R(J/ψ)$ have been found between experimental data and the Standard Model predictions, which may be the hint of New Physics. In this work, we calculate these ratios within the Standard Model by using the improved instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter method. The emphasis is pad to the relativistic correction of the form factors. The results are $R(D)=0.312 ^{+0.006}_{-0.007}$, $R(D^*)= 0.249^{+0.001}_{-0.002}$, $R(D_s)=0.320 ^{+0.009}_{-0.009}$, $R(D^*_s)=0.251 ^{+0.002}_{-0.003}$, $R(η_c)=0.384 ^{+0.032}_{-0.042}$, and $R(J/ψ)=0.267 ^{+0.009}_{-0.011}$, which are consistent with predictions of other models and the experimental data. The semileptonic decay rates and corresponding form factors at zero recoil are also given.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

The study of two quasi-degenerate heavy sterile neutrinos in rare meson decays

In this work, we study the lepton-number-violating processes of $K^\pm$ and $D^\pm$ mesons. Two quasi-degenerate sterile neutrinos are assumed to induce such processes. Different with the case where only one sterile neutrino involves, here, the CP phases of the mixing parameters could give sizable contribution. This, in turn, would affect the absolute values of the mixing parameters determined by the experimental upper limits of the branching fractions. A general function which express the difference of the mixing parameters for two-generation and one-generation is presented. Special cases with specific relations of the parameters are discussed. Besides, we also thoroughly investigate the CP violation effect of such processes. It is shown that generally $\mathcal A_{CP}$ is a function of the sterile neutrino mass.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2019arXiv

Study of the dilepton electromagnetic decays of $χ_{cJ}(1P)$

In this paper, the dilepton electromagnetic decays $χ_{cJ}(1P) \to J/ψe^+e^-$ and $χ_{cJ}(1P) \to Jψμ^+μ^-$, where $χ_{cJ}$ denotes $χ_{c0}$, $χ_{c1}$ and $χ_{c2}$, are calculated systematically in the improved Bethe-Salpeter method. The numerical results of decay widths and the invariant mass distributions of the final lepton pairs are given. The comparison is made with the recently measured experimental data of BESIII. It is shown that for the cases including $e^+e^-$, the gauge invariance is decisive and should be considered carefully. For the processes of $χ_{cJ}(1P) \to J/ψe^+e^-$, the branching fraction are: $\mathcal{B}[χ_{c0}(1P) \to J/ψe^+e^-]=1.06^{+0.16}_{-0.18} \times 10^{-4}$, $\mathcal{B}[χ_{c1}(1P) \to J/ψe^+e^-]=2.88^{+0.50}_{-0.53} \times 10^{-3}$, and $\mathcal{B}[χ_{c2}(1P) \to J/ψe^+e^-]=1.74^{+0.22}_{-0.21} \times 10^{-3}$. The calculated branching fractions of $χ_{cJ}(1P)\to J/ψμ^+μ^-$ channels are: $\mathcal{B}[χ_{c0}(1P) \to J/ψμ^+μ^-]=3.80^{+0.59}_{-0.64} \times 10^{-6}$, $\mathcal{B}[χ_{c1}(1P) \to J/ψμ^+μ^-]=2.04^{+0.36}_{-0.38} \times 10^{-4}$, and $\mathcal{B}[χ_{c2}(1P) \to J/ψμ^+μ^-]=1.66^{+0.19}_{-0.19} \times 10^{-4}$.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access