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Unified and consistent structure growth measurements from joint ACT, SPT and \textit{Planck} CMB lensing

We present the tightest cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing constraints to date on the growth of structure by combining CMB lensing measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and \textit{Planck}. Each of these surveys individually provides lensing measurements with similarly high statistical power, achieving signal-to-noise ratios of approximately 40. The combined lensing bandpowers represent the most precise CMB lensing power spectrum measurement to date with a signal-to-noise ratio of 61 and an amplitude of $A_\mathrm{lens}^\mathrm{recon} = 1.025 \pm 0.017$ with respect to the theory prediction from the best-fit CMB \textit{Planck}-ACT cosmology. The bandpowers from all three lensing datasets, analyzed jointly, yield a $1.6\%$ measurement of the parameter combination $S_8^\mathrm{CMBL} \equiv σ_8\,(Ω_m/0.3)^{0.25} = 0.825^{+0.015}_{-0.013}$. Including Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data improves the constraint on the amplitude of matter fluctuations to $σ_8 = 0.829 \pm 0.009$ (a $1.1\%$ determination). When combining with uncalibrated supernovae from \texttt{Pantheon+}, we present a $4\%$ sound-horizon-independent estimate of $H_0=66.4\pm2.5\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}} $. The joint lensing constraints on structure growth and present-day Hubble rate are fully consistent with a $Λ$CDM model fit to the primary CMB data from \textit{Planck} and ACT. While the precise upper limit is sensitive to the choice of data and underlying model assumptions, when varying the neutrino mass sum within the $Λ\mathrm{CDM}$ cosmological model, the combination of primary CMB, BAO and CMB lensing drives the probable upper limit for the mass sum towards lower values, comparable to the minimum mass prior required by neutrino oscillation experiments.

preprint2026arXivOpen access
Frank J. QuFei GeW. L. Kimmy WuIrene Abril-CabezasMathew S. MadhavacherilMarius MilleaZeeshan AhmedEthan AnderesAdam J. AndersonBehzad AnsarinejadMelanie ArchipleyZachary AtkinsLennart BalkenholNicholas BattagliaKarim BenabedAmy N. BenderBradford A. BensonFederico BianchiniLindsey. E. BleemBoris BollietJ Richard BondFrançois. R. BouchetLincoln BryantErminia CalabreseEtienne CamphuisJohn E. CarlstromJulien CarronAnthony ChallinorClarence L. ChangPrakrut ChaubalGeoff ChenPaul M. ChichuraSteve K. ChoiAman ChokshiTi-Lin ChouAnna CoerverWilliam CoultonThomas M. CrawfordCail DaleyOmar DarwishTijmen de HaanMark J. DevlinKaria R. DibertMatthew A. DobbsMichael DoohanAristide DoussotAdriaan J. DuivenvoordenJo DunkleyRolando DunnerDaniel DutcherCarmen Embil VillagraWendy EverettGerrit S. FarrenChang FengSimone FerraroKyle R. FergusonKyra FichmanEmily FinsonAllen FosterPatricio A. GallardoSilvia GalliAnne E. GambrelRob W. GardnerNeil Goeckner-WaldRiccardo GualtieriFederica GuidiSam GunsMark HalpernNils W. HalversonJ. Colin HillMatt HiltonEric HivonGilbert P. HolderWilliam L. HolzapfelJohn C. HoodDoug HoweAlec HryciukNicholas HuangJohannes HubmayrFlorian KéruzoréAli R. KhalifeJoshua KimLloyd KnoxMilo KormanKayla KornoeljeArthur KosowskyChao-Lin KuoHidde T. JenseAdrien La PostaKevin LevyAmy E. LowitzThibaut LouisChunyu LuGabriel P. LynchNiall MacCrannAbhishek ManiyarEmily S. MartsenJeff McMahonFelipe MenanteauJoshua MontgomeryYuka NakatoKavilan MoodleyToshiya NamikawaTyler NatoliMichael D. NiemackGavin I. NobleYuuki OmoriAaron OuelletteLyman A. PageZhaodi PanPascal PaschosKedar A. PhadkeAlexander W. PollakKarthik PrabhuWei QuanSrinivasan RaghunathanMahsa RahimiAlexandra RahlinChristian L. ReichardtDave RiebelMaclean RoubleJohn E. RuhlEmmanuel SchaanEduardo SchiappucciNeelima SehgalCarlos E. SierraAidan SimpsonBlake D. SherwinCristóbal SifónDavid N. SpergelSuzanne T. StaggsJoshua A. SobrinAntony A. StarkJudith StephenChris TandoiBen ThorneCynthia TrendafilovaCaterina UmiltaAlexander van EngelenJoaquin D. VieiraAline VitrierYujie WanNathan WhitehornEdward J. WollackMatthew R. YoungJessica A. Zebrowski

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Frank J. QuFei GeW. L. Kimmy WuIrene Abril-CabezasMathew S. MadhavacherilMarius MilleaZeeshan AhmedEthan AnderesAdam J. AndersonBehzad AnsarinejadMelanie ArchipleyZachary AtkinsLennart BalkenholNicholas BattagliaKarim BenabedAmy N. BenderBradford A. BensonFederico BianchiniLindsey. E. BleemBoris BollietJ Richard BondFrançois. R. BouchetLincoln BryantErminia CalabreseEtienne CamphuisJohn E. CarlstromJulien CarronAnthony ChallinorClarence L. ChangPrakrut ChaubalGeoff ChenPaul M. ChichuraSteve K. ChoiAman ChokshiTi-Lin ChouAnna CoerverWilliam CoultonThomas M. CrawfordCail DaleyOmar DarwishTijmen de HaanMark J. DevlinKaria R. DibertMatthew A. DobbsMichael DoohanAristide DoussotAdriaan J. DuivenvoordenJo DunkleyRolando DunnerDaniel DutcherCarmen Embil VillagraWendy EverettGerrit S. FarrenChang FengSimone FerraroKyle R. FergusonKyra FichmanEmily FinsonAllen FosterPatricio A. GallardoSilvia GalliAnne E. GambrelRob W. GardnerNeil Goeckner-WaldRiccardo GualtieriFederica GuidiSam GunsMark HalpernNils W. HalversonJ. Colin HillMatt HiltonEric HivonGilbert P. HolderWilliam L. HolzapfelJohn C. HoodDoug HoweAlec HryciukNicholas HuangJohannes HubmayrFlorian KéruzoréAli R. KhalifeJoshua KimLloyd KnoxMilo KormanKayla KornoeljeArthur KosowskyChao-Lin KuoHidde T. JenseAdrien La PostaKevin LevyAmy E. LowitzThibaut LouisChunyu LuGabriel P. LynchNiall MacCrannAbhishek ManiyarEmily S. MartsenJeff McMahonFelipe MenanteauJoshua MontgomeryYuka NakatoKavilan MoodleyToshiya NamikawaTyler NatoliMichael D. NiemackGavin I. NobleYuuki OmoriAaron OuelletteLyman A. PageZhaodi PanPascal PaschosKedar A. PhadkeAlexander W. PollakKarthik PrabhuWei QuanSrinivasan RaghunathanMahsa RahimiAlexandra RahlinChristian L. ReichardtDave RiebelMaclean RoubleJohn E. RuhlEmmanuel SchaanEduardo SchiappucciNeelima SehgalCarlos E. SierraAidan SimpsonBlake D. SherwinCristóbal SifónDavid N. SpergelSuzanne T. StaggsJoshua A. SobrinAntony A. StarkJudith StephenChris TandoiBen ThorneCynthia TrendafilovaCaterina UmiltaAlexander van EngelenJoaquin D. VieiraAline VitrierYujie WanNathan WhitehornEdward J. WollackMatthew R. YoungJessica A. Zebrowski

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