Twist-3 effect from the longitudinally polarized proton for $A_{LT}$ in hadron production from $pp$ collisions

We compute the contribution from the longitudinally polarized proton to the twist-3 double-spin asymmetry $A_{LT}$ in inclusive (light) hadron production from proton-proton collisions,i.e., $p^\uparrow \vec{p}\to h\,X$. We show that using the relevant QCD equation-of-motion relation and Lorentz invariance relation allows one to eliminate the twist-3 quark-gluon correlator (associated with the longitudinally polarized proton) in favor of one-variable twist-3 quark distributions and the (twist-2) transversity parton density. Including this result with the twist-3 pieces associated with the transversely polarized proton and unpolarized final-state hadron (which have already been calculated in the literature), we now have the complete leading-order cross section for this process.

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