Transmission Phase in the Kondo Regime Revealed in a Two-Path Interferometer

We report on the direct observation of the transmission phase shift through a Kondo correlated quantum dot by employing a new type of two-path interferometer. We observed a clear $π/2$-phase shift, which persists up to the Kondo temperature $T_{\rm K}$. Above this temperature, the phase shifts by more than $π/2$ at each Coulomb peak, approaching the behavior observed for the standard Coulomb blockade regime. These observations are in remarkable agreement with 2-level numerical renormalization group calculations. The unique combination of experimental and theoretical results presented here fully elucidates the phase evolution in the Kondo regime.

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