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Transient trapping into metastable states in systems with competing orders

The quench dynamics of a system involving two competing orders is investigated using a Ginzburg-Landau theory with relaxational dynamics. We consider the scenario where a pump rapidly heats the system to a high temperature, after which the system cools down to its equilibrium temperature. We study the evolution of the order parameter amplitude and fluctuations in the resulting time dependent free energy landscape. Exponentially growing thermal fluctuations dominate the dynamics. The system typically evolves into the phase associated with the faster-relaxing order parameter, even if it is not the global free energy minimum. This theory offers a natural explanation for the widespread experimental observation that metastable states may be induced by laser induced collapse of a dominant equilibrium order parameter.