Structural Order and Melting of a Quasi-One-Dimensional Electron System

We investigate the influence of confinement on the positional order of a quasi-1D electron system trapped on the surface of liquid helium. We find evidence that the melting of the Wigner solid (WS) depends on the confinement strength, as well as electron density and temperature. A reentrant solid-liquid-solid transition is observed for increasing electron density under constant electrostatic confinement. As the electron row number $N_y$ changes, varying commensurability results in a modulation of the WS order, even when $N_y$ is large (several tens). This is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations.

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