Spin-induced scalarization of Kerr-Newman black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory

In this paper, we consider the tachyonic instability of Kerr-Newman (KN) black holes in the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) theory with nonminimal negative scalar coupling to Maxwell term, and then obtain a bound $(\frac{a}{r_+}\geq0.4142)$ for spin parameter $a$ of KN black hole in the limit of coupling constant $α\rightarrow-\infty$ by using analytical method. In addition, we perform a $(2+1)$-dimensional time evolution of linearized scalar field perturbation on the KN black hole background by implementing the hyperboloidal foliation method numerically in the EMS theory. It recovers the \textit{spontaneous scalarization} phenomenon for KN black hole in some certain regions of the parameter spaces. We further plot corresponding threshold curves $α(a)$ which describe a boundary between bald KN black holes and scalarized spinning black holes in the EMS theory.

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