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Quantum half-orphans in kagome antiferromagnets

We numerically study the effects of non-magnetic impurities (vacancies) in the spin-$S$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the kagomé lattice. For a range of low but nonzero temperatures, and spin values that extend down to $S=2$, we find that the magnetization response to an external magnetic field is consistent with the response of emergent "half-orphan" degrees of freedom that are expected to dominate the response of the corresponding classical magnet in a similar temperature range whenever there are two vacancies on the same triangle. Specifically, for all spin values we have considered (from $S=1/2$ to $S=4$), there is a large enhancement of the local susceptibility of the lone spin on such a triangle with two vacancies; in the presence of a uniform magnetic field $h$, this lone-spin behaves effectively as an almost free spin $S$ in an effective field $h/2$. Quite remarkably, in the zero temperature limit, the ground state in the presence of a half-orphan has a non-zero total spin value $S_{GS}$ that shows a trend similar to $S/2$ when $S\ge 2$. These qualitative aspects of the response differ strikingly from the more conventional response of diluted samples without such half-orphan degrees of freedom. We discuss how these findings could be checked experimentally.