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Partial Antiferromagnetic Helical Order in Fe$_3$PO$_4$O$_3$

Magnetic frustration in Fe$_3$PO$_4$O$_3$ has been shown to produce to an unusual magnetic state below T$_N = 163$ K, where incommensurate antiferromagnetic order is restricted to nanosized needle-like domains, as inferred from neutron powder diffraction. Here we show using single-crystal neutron diffraction that Fe$_3$PO$_4$O$_3$ does not exhibit a preferred ordering wavevector direction in the $ab$ plane despite having a well-defined ordering wavevector length. This results in the observation of continuous rings of scattering rather than satellite Bragg peaks. The lack of a preferred incommensurate ordering wavevector direction can be understood in terms of an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with nearest-neighbor ($J_1$) and second-neighbor ($J_2$) interactions, which produces a quasi-degenerate manifold of ordering wavevectors. This state appears to be similar to the partially ordered phase of MnSi, but in Fe$_3$PO$_4$O$_3$ arises in a frustrated antiferromagnet rather than a chiral ferromagnet.