Paper detail

On quasi norm attaining operators between Banach spaces

We introduce a weakened notion of norm attainment for bounded linear operators between Banach spaces which we call \emph{quasi norm attaining operators}. An operator $T\colon X \longrightarrow Y$ between the Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ is quasi norm attaining if there is a sequence $(x_n)$ of norm one elements in $X$ such that $(Tx_n)$ converges to some $u\in Y$ with $\|u\|=\|T\|$. Norm attaining operators in the usual sense (i.e.\ operators for which there is a point in the unit ball where the norm of its image equals the norm of the operator) and compact operators satisfy this definition. The main result of the paper is that strong Radon-Nikodým operators such as weakly compact operators can be approximated by quasi norm attaining operators (even by a stronger version of the definition), which does not hold for norm attaining operators. This allows us to give characterizations of the Radon-Nikodým property in term of the denseness of quasi norm attaining operators for both domain spaces and range spaces, extending previous results by Bourgain and Huff. We also present positive and negative results on the denseness of quasi norm attaining operators, characterize both finite dimensionality and reflexivity in terms of quasi norm attaining operators, discuss conditions to obtain that quasi norm attaining operators are actually norm attaining, study the relationship with the norm attainment of the adjoint operator, and present some stability properties. We finish the paper with some open questions.