Multi-phonon $γ$-vibrational bands in odd-mass nuclei studied by triaxial projected shell model approach

Inspired by the recent experimental data (Phys. Lett. B {\bf 675} (2009) 420), we extend the triaxial projected shell model approach to study the $γ$-band structure in odd-mass nuclei. As a first application of the new development, the $γ$-vibrational structure of $^{103}$Nb is investigated. It is demonstrated that the model describes the ground-state band and multi-phonon $γ$-vibrations quite satisfactorily, supporting the interpretation of the data as one of the few experimentally-known examples of simultaneous occurrence of one- and two-$γ$-phonon vibrational bands. This generalizes the well-known concept of the surface $γ$-oscillation in deformed nuclei built on the ground-state in even-even systems to $γ$-bands based on quasiparticle configurations in odd-mass systems.

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