Lyapunov Exponent and the Solid-Fluid Phase Transition

We study changes in the chaotic properties of a many-body system undergoing a solid-fluid phase transition. To do this, we compute the temperature dependence of the largest Lyapunov exponents $λ_{max}$ for both two- and three-dimensional periodic systems of $N$-particles for various densities. The particles interact through a soft-core potential. The two-dimensional system exhibits an apparent second-order phase transition as indicated by a $λ$-shaped peak in the specific heat. The first derivative of $λ_{max}$ with respect to the temperature shows a peak at the same temperature. The three-dimensional system shows jumps, in both system energy and $λ_{max}$, at the same temperature, suggesting a first-order phase transition. Relaxation phenomena in the phase-transition region are analyzed by using the local time averages.

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