Abstract
We show that Friedel charge oscillation near an interface opens a gap at the Fermi energy for electrons with wave vectors perpendicular to the interface. If the Friedel gaps on two sides of the interface are different, a nonequlibrium effect - shifting of these gaps under bias - leads to asymmetric transport upon reversing the bias polarity. The predicted transport asymmetry is revealed by scanning tunneling potentiometry at monolayer-bilayer interfaces in epitaxial graphene on SiC (0001). This intriguing interfacial transport behavior opens a new avenue towards novel quantum functions such as quantum switching.
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