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Dynamical dipole $γ$ radiation in heavy-ion collisions on the basis of the quantum molecular dynamics model

Dynamical dipole $γ$-ray emission in heavy-ion collisions is explored in the framework of the quantum molecular dynamics model. The studies are focused on systems of $^{40}$Ca bombarding $^{48}$Ca and its isotopes at different incident energies and impact parameters. Yields of $γ$ rays are calculated and the centroid energy and dynamical dipole emission width of the $γ$ spectra are extracted to investigate the properties of $γ$ emission. In addition, sensitivities of dynamical dipole $γ$-ray emission to the isospin and the symmetry energy coefficient of the equation of state are studied. The results show that detailed study of dynamical dipole $γ$ radiation can provide information on the equation of state and the symmetry energy around the normal nuclear density.