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Controllable Kuznetsov Ma-like breather generation via dispersion modulation in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients has applications in numerous areas of physics,specifically in the context of nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensate. Apart from the usual bright and dark-soliton solutions, the so-called rational soliton solutions are perceived to have tremendous impact in futuristic applications and understanding many natural phenomena. In this work, we have studied various orders of rational solution of the variable coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It is possible to extract the first and the second-order controlled KM-like breather by periodic modulation of the dispersion along the propagation direction. The amplitude of the dispersion modulation controls the background as well as the breather peak power in the case of the first-order rational soliton solution, whereas the spatial frequency controls the breathing frequency of the KM-like breather. Our study reveals that it is possible to obtain various new features in the third order rational soliton by modulating the dispersion parameter.