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Algorithms for Lipschitz Learning on Graphs

We develop fast algorithms for solving regression problems on graphs where one is given the value of a function at some vertices, and must find its smoothest possible extension to all vertices. The extension we compute is the absolutely minimal Lipschitz extension, and is the limit for large $p$ of $p$-Laplacian regularization. We present an algorithm that computes a minimal Lipschitz extension in expected linear time, and an algorithm that computes an absolutely minimal Lipschitz extension in expected time $\widetilde{O} (m n)$. The latter algorithm has variants that seem to run much faster in practice. These extensions are particularly amenable to regularization: we can perform $l_{0}$-regularization on the given values in polynomial time and $l_{1}$-regularization on the initial function values and on graph edge weights in time $\widetilde{O} (m^{3/2})$.