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Abstract Hardy-Littlewood Maximal Inequality

In this note besides two abstract versions of the Vitali Covering Lemma an abstract Hardy-Littlewood Maximal Inequality, generalizing weak type (1,1) maximal function inequality, associated to any outer measure and a family of subsets on a set is introduced. The inequality is (effectively) satisfied if and only if a special numerical constant called Hardy-Littelwood maximal constant is finite. Two general sufficient conditions for the finiteness of this constant are given and upper bounds for this constant associated to the family of (centered) balls in homogeneous spaces, family of dyadic cubes in Euclidean spaces, family of admissible trapezoids in homogeneous trees, and family of Calderón-Zygmund sets in (ax+b)-group, are considered. Also a very simple application to find some nontrivial estimates about mass density in Classical Mechanics is given.