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Wei-Ping Huang

Wei-Ping Huang appears in the imported research catalog. Authorship, coauthor and topic links are available while profile ownership is still unclaimed.

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Published work

3 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Rethinking Entropy Minimization in Test-Time Adaptation for Autoregressive Models

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) via entropy minimization (EM) has proven effective for classification tasks, yet its application to generative autoregressive models remains theoretically fragmented. Existing approaches typically rely on distinct heuristics, such as teacher forcing with pseudo labels or policy-gradient-based reinforcement learning, without a unified mathematical foundation. In this work, we resolve this discrepancy by deriving a rigorous formulation of EM tailored to autoregressive models. We show that the exact objective naturally decomposes into a token-level policy gradient loss and a token-level entropy loss, and we reinterpret prior methods as partial realizations of this unified formulation. Using Whisper ASR as a testbed, we demonstrate that our approach consistently improves performance across more than 20 diverse domains, including acoustic noise, accents, and multilingual settings.

preprint2026arXiv

Walking Through Uncertainty: An Empirical Study of Uncertainty Estimation for Audio-Aware Large Language Models

Recent audio-aware large language models (ALLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities across diverse audio understanding and reasoning tasks, but they still frequently produce hallucinated or overly confident outputs. While uncertainty estimation has been extensively studied in text-only LLMs, it remains largely unexplored for ALLMs, where audio-conditioned generation introduces additional challenges such as perceptual ambiguity and cross-modal grounding. In this work, we present the first systematic empirical study of uncertainty estimation in ALLMs. We benchmark five representative methods, including predictive entropy, length-normalized entropy, semantic entropy, discrete semantic entropy, and P(True), across multiple models and diverse evaluation settings spanning general audio understanding, reasoning, hallucination detection, and unanswerable question answering. Our results reveal two key findings. First, semantic-level and verification-based methods consistently outperform token-level baselines on general audio reasoning benchmarks. Second, on trustworthiness-oriented benchmarks, the relative effectiveness of uncertainty methods becomes notably more model- and benchmark-dependent, indicating that conclusions drawn from general reasoning settings do not straightforwardly transfer to hallucination and unanswerable-question scenarios. We further explore uncertainty-based adaptive inference as a potential downstream application. We hope this study provides a foundation for future research on reliable, uncertainty-aware audio-language systems.

preprint2022arXiv

Few-Shot Cross-Lingual TTS Using Transferable Phoneme Embedding

This paper studies a transferable phoneme embedding framework that aims to deal with the cross-lingual text-to-speech (TTS) problem under the few-shot setting. Transfer learning is a common approach when it comes to few-shot learning since training from scratch on few-shot training data is bound to overfit. Still, we find that the naive transfer learning approach fails to adapt to unseen languages under extremely few-shot settings, where less than 8 minutes of data is provided. We deal with the problem by proposing a framework that consists of a phoneme-based TTS model and a codebook module to project phonemes from different languages into a learned latent space. Furthermore, by utilizing phoneme-level averaged self-supervised learned features, we effectively improve the quality of synthesized speeches. Experiments show that using 4 utterances, which is about 30 seconds of data, is enough to synthesize intelligible speech when adapting to an unseen language using our framework.