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Tao Yu

Tao Yu contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

6 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

A relation between the Baseilhac-Benedetti and the Bonahon-Liu-Wong-Yang invariants

Baseilhac-Benedetti, following ideas of Kashaev, introduced invariants of pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms of punctured hyperbolic surfaces that depend on a complex root of unity of odd order. Around the same time, Bonahon-Liu introduced another set of invariants of pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms at roots of unity. A little later, Dimofte and the first author introduced invariants of cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds at roots of unity using their geometric representation. In another effort, Bonahon-Wong-Yang introduced another set of invariants of pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms at roots of unity. All these invariants are conjecturally closely related, and our aim is to prove a precise relation between the Baseilhac-Benedetti invariants, the Bonahon-Liu-Wong-Yang and the lesser-known abelian $\mathfrak{gl}_1$-invariants.

preprint2026arXiv

BioHuman: Learning Biomechanical Human Representations from Video

Understanding human motion beyond surface kinematics is crucial for motion analysis, rehabilitation, and injury risk assessment. However, progress in this domain is limited by the lack of large-scale datasets with biomechanical annotations, and by existing approaches that cannot directly infer internal biomechanical states from visual observations. In this paper, we introduce a simulation-based framework for estimating muscle activations from existing motion capture datasets, resulting in BioHuman10M, a large-scale dataset with synchronized video, motion, and activations. Building on BioHuman10M, we propose BioHuman, an end-to-end model that takes monocular video as input and jointly predicts human motion and muscle activations, effectively bridging visual observations and internal biomechanical states. Extensive experiments demonstrate that BioHuman enables accurate reconstruction of both kinematic motion and muscle activity, and generalizes across diverse subjects and motions. We believe our approach establishes a new benchmark for video-based biomechanical understanding and opens up new possibilities for physically grounded human modeling.

preprint2026arXiv

FastStair: Learning to Run Up Stairs with Humanoid Robots

Running up stairs is effortless for humans but remains extremely challenging for humanoid robots due to the simultaneous requirements of high agility and strict stability. Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) can generate dynamic locomotion, yet implicit stability rewards and heavy reliance on task-specific reward shaping tend to result in unsafe behaviors, especially on stairs; conversely, model-based foothold planners encode contact feasibility and stability structure, but enforcing their hard constraints often induces conservative motion that limits speed. We present FastStair, a planner-guided, multi-stage learning framework that reconciles these complementary strengths to achieve fast and stable stair ascent. FastStair integrates a parallel model-based foothold planner into the RL training loop to bias exploration toward dynamically feasible contacts and to pretrain a safety-focused base policy. To mitigate planner-induced conservatism and the discrepancy between low- and high-speed action distributions, the base policy was fine-tuned into speed-specialized experts and then integrated via Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) to enable smooth operation across the full commanded-speed range. We deploy the resulting controller on the Oli humanoid robot, achieving stable stair ascent at commanded speeds up to 1.65 m/s and traversing a 33-step spiral staircase (17 cm rise per step) in 12 s, demonstrating robust high-speed performance on long staircases. Notably, the proposed approach served as the champion solution in the Canton Tower Robot Run Up Competition.

preprint2026arXiv

Maximum smoothed likelihood method for the combination of multiple diagnostic tests, with application to the ROC estimation

In medical diagnostics, leveraging multiple biomarkers can significantly improve classification accuracy compared to using a single biomarker. While existing methods based on exponential tilting or density ratio models have shown promise, their assumptions may be overly restrictive in practice. In this paper, we adopt a flexible semiparametric model that relates the density ratio of diseased to healthy subjects through an unknown monotone transformation of a linear combination of biomarkers. To enhance estimation efficiency, we propose a smoothed likelihood framework that exploits the smoothness in the underlying densities and transformation function. Building on the maximum smoothed likelihood methodology, we construct estimators for the model parameters and the associated probability density functions. We develop an effective computational algorithm for implementation, derive asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators, and establish procedures for estimating the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). Through simulation studies and a real-data application, we demonstrate that the proposed method yields more accurate and efficient estimates than existing approaches.

preprint2026arXiv

Semiparametric inference for inequality measures under nonignorable nonresponse using callback data

This paper develops semiparametric methods for estimation and inference of widely used inequality measures when survey data are subject to nonignorable nonresponse, a challenging setting in which response probabilities depend on the unobserved outcomes. Such nonresponse mechanisms are common in household surveys and invalidate standard inference procedures due to selection bias and lack of population representativeness. We address this problem by exploiting callback data from repeated contact attempts and adopting a semiparametric model that leaves the outcome distribution unspecified. We construct semiparametric full-likelihood estimators for the underlying distribution and the associated inequality measures, and establish their large-sample properties for a broad class of functionals, including quantiles, the Theil index, and the Gini index. Explicit asymptotic variance expressions are derived, enabling valid Wald-type inference under nonignorable nonresponse. To facilitate implementation, we propose a stable and computationally convenient expectation-maximization algorithm, whose steps either admit closed-form expressions or reduce to fitting a standard logistic regression model. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed procedures effectively correct nonresponse bias and achieve near-benchmark efficiency. An application to Consumer Expenditure Survey data illustrates the practical gains from incorporating callback information when making inference on inequality measures.

preprint2026arXiv

Transverse and Unidirectional Spin Pumping

Conventional spin pumping, driven by magnetization dynamics, is longitudinal since the pumped spin current flows normal to the interface between the ferromagnet and the conductor. We predict \textit{Hall-type/transverse} and \textit{unidirectional} spin pumping into conductors by near-field electromagnetic radiation emitted by, \textit{e.g.}, magnetization dynamics. The joint effect of the electric and magnetic fields results in a pure spin current flowing parallel to the interface, i.e., a Hall-type spin pumping, which is highly efficient due to the strong coupling to the electric field. Such a transverse spin current is unidirectional, with the spatial distribution controlled by the magnetization direction. Our finding reveals a robust approach for generating and manipulating spin currents in future low-dimensional spintronic and orbitronic devices.