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Researcher profile

Saber Fallah

Saber Fallah contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

ResearcherAffiliation not importedOpen to collaborate
eess.SYMachine LearningRoboticsSystems and ControlArtificial IntelligenceComputer VisionLogic in Computer Science

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Published work

6 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

ANDRE: An Attention-based Neuro-symbolic Differentiable Rule Extractor

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) aims to learn interpretable first-order rules from data, but existing symbolic and neuro-symbolic approaches struggle to scale to noisy and probabilistic settings. Classical ILP relies on discrete combinatorial rule search and is brittle under uncertainty, while differentiable ILP methods typically depend on predefined rule templates or inaccurate fuzzy operators that suffer from vanishing gradients or poor approximation of logical structure when reasoning over probabilistic predicate valuations. This paper proposes an Attention-based Neuro-symbolic Differentiable Rule Extractor (ANDRE), a novel ILP framework that learns first-order logic programs by optimizing over a continuous rule space with attention-based logical operators. ANDRE replaces both rule templates and logical operators with fully differentiable, attention-driven conjunction and disjunction operators that approximate logical min-max semantics, enabling accurate, stable, and interpretable reasoning over probabilistic data. By softly selecting, negating, or excluding predicates within each rule, ANDRE supports flexible rule induction while preserving symbolic structure. Extensive experiments on classical ILP benchmarks, large-scale knowledge bases, and synthetic datasets with probabilistic predicates and noisy supervision demonstrate that ANDRE achieves competitive or superior predictive performance while reliably recovering correct symbolic rules under uncertainty. In particular, ANDRE remains robust to moderate label noise, substantially outperforming existing differentiable ILP methods in both rule extraction quality and stability.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Early Lane Change Prediction for Automated Driving Systems Using Multi-Task Attention-based Convolutional Neural Networks

Lane change (LC) is one of the safety-critical manoeuvres in highway driving according to various road accident records. Thus, reliably predicting such manoeuvre in advance is critical for the safe and comfortable operation of automated driving systems. The majority of previous studies rely on detecting a manoeuvre that has been already started, rather than predicting the manoeuvre in advance. Furthermore, most of the previous works do not estimate the key timings of the manoeuvre (e.g., crossing time), which can actually yield more useful information for the decision making in the ego vehicle. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a novel multi-task model to simultaneously estimate the likelihood of LC manoeuvres and the time-to-lane-change (TTLC). In both tasks, an attention-based convolutional neural network (CNN) is used as a shared feature extractor from a bird's eye view representation of the driving environment. The spatial attention used in the CNN model improves the feature extraction process by focusing on the most relevant areas of the surrounding environment. In addition, two novel curriculum learning schemes are employed to train the proposed approach. The extensive evaluation and comparative analysis of the proposed method in existing benchmark datasets show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art LC prediction models, particularly considering long-term prediction performance.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Learning an Interpretable Model for Driver Behavior Prediction with Inductive Biases

To plan safe maneuvers and act with foresight, autonomous vehicles must be capable of accurately predicting the uncertain future. In the context of autonomous driving, deep neural networks have been successfully applied to learning predictive models of human driving behavior from data. However, the predictions suffer from cascading errors, resulting in large inaccuracies over long time horizons. Furthermore, the learned models are black boxes, and thus it is often unclear how they arrive at their predictions. In contrast, rule-based models, which are informed by human experts, maintain long-term coherence in their predictions and are human-interpretable. However, such models often lack the sufficient expressiveness needed to capture complex real-world dynamics. In this work, we begin to close this gap by embedding the Intelligent Driver Model, a popular hand-crafted driver model, into deep neural networks. Our model's transparency can offer considerable advantages, e.g., in debugging the model and more easily interpreting its predictions. We evaluate our approach on a simulated merging scenario, showing that it yields a robust model that is end-to-end trainable and provides greater transparency at no cost to the model's predictive accuracy.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Autonomous Emergency Collision Avoidance and Stabilisation in Structured Environments

In this paper, a novel closed-loop control framework for autonomous obstacle avoidance on a curve road is presented. The proposed framework provides two main functionalities; (i) collision free trajectory planning using MPC and (ii) a torque vectoring controller for lateral/yaw stability designed using optimal control concepts. This paper analyzes trajectory planning algorithm using nominal MPC, offset-free MPC and robust MPC, along with separate implementation of torque-vectoring control. Simulation results confirm the strengths of this hierarchical control algorithm which are: (i) free from non-convex collision avoidance constraints, (ii) to guarantee the convexity while driving on a curve road (iii) to guarantee feasibility of the trajectory when the vehicle accelerate or decelerate while performing lateral maneuver, and (iv) robust against low friction surface. Moreover, to assess the performance of the control structure under emergency and dynamic environment, the framework is tested under low friction surface and different curvature value. The simulation results show that the proposed collision avoidance system can significantly improve the safety of the vehicle during emergency driving scenarios. In order to stipulate the effectiveness of the proposed collision avoidance system, a high-fidelity IPG carmaker and Simulink co-simulation environment is used to validate the results.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Lane-Change Initiation and Planning Approach for Highly Automated Driving on Freeways

Quantifying and encoding occupants' preferences as an objective function for the tactical decision making of autonomous vehicles is a challenging task. This paper presents a low-complexity approach for lane-change initiation and planning to facilitate highly automated driving on freeways. Conditions under which human drivers find different manoeuvres desirable are learned from naturalistic driving data, eliminating the need for an engineered objective function and incorporation of expert knowledge in form of rules. Motion planning is formulated as a finite-horizon optimisation problem with safety constraints. It is shown that the decision model can replicate human drivers' discretionary lane-change decisions with up to 92% accuracy. Further proof of concept simulation of an overtaking manoeuvre is shown, whereby the actions of the simulated vehicle are logged while the dynamic environment evolves as per ground truth data recordings.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Training Adversarial Agents to Exploit Weaknesses in Deep Control Policies

Deep learning has become an increasingly common technique for various control problems, such as robotic arm manipulation, robot navigation, and autonomous vehicles. However, the downside of using deep neural networks to learn control policies is their opaque nature and the difficulties of validating their safety. As the networks used to obtain state-of-the-art results become increasingly deep and complex, the rules they have learned and how they operate become more challenging to understand. This presents an issue, since in safety-critical applications the safety of the control policy must be ensured to a high confidence level. In this paper, we propose an automated black box testing framework based on adversarial reinforcement learning. The technique uses an adversarial agent, whose goal is to degrade the performance of the target model under test. We test the approach on an autonomous vehicle problem, by training an adversarial reinforcement learning agent, which aims to cause a deep neural network-driven autonomous vehicle to collide. Two neural networks trained for autonomous driving are compared, and the results from the testing are used to compare the robustness of their learned control policies. We show that the proposed framework is able to find weaknesses in both control policies that were not evident during online testing and therefore, demonstrate a significant benefit over manual testing methods.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access