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Pengcheng Wu

Pengcheng Wu contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

4 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Federated Nested Learning: Collaborative Training of Self-Referential Memories for Test-Time Adaptation

We rethink Federated Learning (FL) from a nested learning perspective, framing the core challenge as how to collaboratively learn optimization rules, not just static models, to tackle Non-IID client data. To address this, we propose Federated Nested Learning (FedNL), a novel framework that reformulates FL as a three-level nested optimization system. FedNL embeds Titans-based linear attention into FL, enabling clients to perform lightweight, zero-shot test-time adaptation by treating a delta rule as an online gradient step. Experiments on Non-IID MMLU and long-context benchmarks show that FedNL achieves competitive performance in short-context reasoning, enhances the performance of long-context retrieval and streaming Cross-Entropy, and maintains constant inference memory.

preprint2026arXiv

SDFlow: Similarity-Driven Flow Matching for Time Series Generation

Vector quantization (VQ) with autoregressive (AR) token modeling is a widely adopted and highly competitive paradigm for time-series generation. However, such models are fundamentally limited by exposure bias: during inference, errors can accumulate across sequential predictions, leading to pronounced quality degradation in long-horizon generation. To address this, we propose SDFlow ($\textbf{S}$imilarity-$\textbf{D}$riven $\textbf{Flow}$ Matching), a non-autoregressive framework that operates entirely in the frozen VQ latent space and enables parallel sequence generation via flow matching. We tackle three key challenges in making this transition: (1) eliminating exposure bias by replacing step-wise token prediction with a global transport map; (2) mitigating the high-dimensionality of VQ token spaces via a low-rank manifold decomposition with a learned anchor prior over the latent manifold; and (3) incorporating discrete supervision into continuous transport dynamics by introducing a categorical posterior over codebook indices within a variational flow-matching formulation. Extensive experiments show that SDFlow achieves state-of-the-art performance, improving Discriminative Score and substantially reducing Context-FID, particularly for challenging long-sequence generation. Moreover, SDFlow provides significant inference speedups over autoregressive baselines, offering both high fidelity and computational efficiency. Code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SDFlow-D6F3/

preprint2022arXiv

Probabilistic Guaranteed Path Planning for Safe Urban Air Mobility Using Chance Constrained RRT

Safety is a critical concern for the success of urban air mobility, especially in dynamic and uncertain environments. This paper proposes a path planning algorithm based on RRT in conjunction with chance constraints in the presence of uncertain obstacles. The chance-constrained formulation for Gaussian distributed obstacles is developed by converting the probabilistic constraints to deterministic constraints in terms of distribution parameters. The probabilistic feasible region at every time step can be established through the simulation of the system state and the evaluation of convex constraints. Through establishing chance-constrained RRT, the algorithm not only enjoys the benefits of sampling-based algorithms but also incorporates uncertainty into the formulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the planning for a trajectory connecting the starting and goal point in accordance with the requirement of probabilistic obstacle avoidance can be achieved by the utilization of this algorithm.

preprint2012arXiv

Fast Bounded Online Gradient Descent Algorithms for Scalable Kernel-Based Online Learning

Kernel-based online learning has often shown state-of-the-art performance for many online learning tasks. It, however, suffers from a major shortcoming, that is, the unbounded number of support vectors, making it non-scalable and unsuitable for applications with large-scale datasets. In this work, we study the problem of bounded kernel-based online learning that aims to constrain the number of support vectors by a predefined budget. Although several algorithms have been proposed in literature, they are neither computationally efficient due to their intensive budget maintenance strategy nor effective due to the use of simple Perceptron algorithm. To overcome these limitations, we propose a framework for bounded kernel-based online learning based on an online gradient descent approach. We propose two efficient algorithms of bounded online gradient descent (BOGD) for scalable kernel-based online learning: (i) BOGD by maintaining support vectors using uniform sampling, and (ii) BOGD++ by maintaining support vectors using non-uniform sampling. We present theoretical analysis of regret bound for both algorithms, and found promising empirical performance in terms of both efficacy and efficiency by comparing them to several well-known algorithms for bounded kernel-based online learning on large-scale datasets.