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Michael Smith

Michael Smith appears in the imported research catalog. Authorship, coauthor and topic links are available while profile ownership is still unclaimed.

ResearcherUnclaimed source record
astro-ph.IMastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SRComputer Visioncond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.supr-conCryptography and Securitycs.CYphysics.ins-detphysics.optics

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Published work

8 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Inconsistencies in Classification of Online News Articles: A Call for Common Standards in Brand Safety Services

This study examines inconsistencies in the brand safety classifications of online news articles by analyzing ratings from three leading brand safety providers, DoubleVerify, Integral Ad Science, and Oracle. We focus on news content because of its central role in public discourse and the significant financial consequences of unsafe classifications in a sector that is already underserved by digital ad spending. By collecting data from 4,352 news articles on 51 domains, our analysis shows that brand safety services often produce conflicting classifications, with significant discrepancies between providers. These inconsistencies can have harmful consequences for both advertisers and publishers, leading to misplaced advertising spending and revenue losses. This research provides critical insights into the shortcomings of the current brand safety landscape. We argue for a standardized and transparent brand safety system to mitigate the harmful effects of the current system on the digital advertising ecosystem.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

U-SEG: Uncertainty in SEGmentation -- A systematic multi-variable exploration

In this study, we explore in depth a few under-studied topics at the intersection of uncertainty estimation and segmentation. Prior work has shown that the quality of uncertainty estimates can be very sensitive to a range of variables. As one of the main uses of uncertainty estimation is to help identify and deal with prediction errors in practical scenarios, any factors that affect this must be clearly identified. For example, do more challenging domains or different datasets and architectures result in worse performance when using uncertainty estimates? Can prior frames in a video sequence in fact provide useful uncertainty estimates comparable to other approaches? Is it possible to combine uncertainty estimation approaches, taking advantage of sample diversity, to get better estimates? Finally, when might it make sense to use an ensemble-based uncertainty estimate over a deterministic network? We address these questions by creating a framework for and executing a large scale study across many variables such as datasets, backbones, and downstream tasks, for both semantic and panoptic segmentation. We find that a) the more challenging task of panoptic segmentation usually results in worse performance while high performance variance between datasets and backbones indicates that generalization is not guaranteed, b) time series samples can be useful for specific configurations, but in many cases are not worth the cost, c) sample diversity shows the most promise in the downstream task of calibration, but otherwise fails to beat simpler alternatives, d) a deterministic approach is adequate for some downstream tasks, but ensembles allow for significant improvements if the right conditions can be achieved in deployment.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Blocked or Broken? Automatically Detecting When Privacy Interventions Break Websites

A core problem in the development and maintenance of crowd-sourced filter lists is that their maintainers cannot confidently predict whether (and where) a new filter list rule will break websites. This is a result of enormity of the Web, which prevents filter list authors from broadly understanding the impact of a new blocking rule before they ship it to millions of users. The inability of filter list authors to evaluate the Web compatibility impact of a new rule before shipping it severely reduces the benefits of filter-list-based content blocking: filter lists are both overly-conservative (i.e. rules are tailored narrowly to reduce the risk of breaking things) and error-prone (i.e. blocking tools still break large numbers of sites). To scale to the size and scope of the Web, filter list authors need an automated system to detect when a new filter rule breaks websites, before that breakage has a chance to make it to end users. In this work, we design and implement the first automated system for predicting when a filter list rule breaks a website. We build a classifier, trained on a dataset generated by a combination of compatibility data from the EasyList project and novel browser instrumentation, and find it is accurate to practical levels (AUC 0.88). Our open source system requires no human interaction when assessing the compatibility risk of a proposed privacy intervention. We also present the 40 page behaviors that most predict breakage in observed websites.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2021arXiv

Observation of coexisting weak localization and superconducting fluctuations in strained Sn1-xInxTe thin films

Topological superconductors have attracted tremendous excitement as they are predicted to host Majorana zero modes that can be utilized for topological quantum computing. Candidate topological superconductor Sn1-xInxTe thin films (0<x<0.3) grown by molecular beam epitaxy and strained in the (111) plane are shown to host three coexisting quantum effects: localization, antilocalization and superconducting fluctuations above the critical temperature Tc. An analysis of the normal state magnetoresistance reveals these effects. Weak localization is consistently observed in superconducting samples, indicating that superconductivity originates dominantly from trivial valence band states that may be strongly spin-orbit split. A large enhancement of the conductivity is observed above Tc, indicating that quantum coherent quasiparticle effects coexist with superconducting fluctuations. Our results motivate a re-examination of the debated pairing symmetry of this material when subjected to quantum confinement and lattice strain.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2016arXiv

Overview of Advanced LIGO Adaptive Optics

This is an overview of the adaptive optics used in Advanced LIGO (aLIGO), known as the thermal compensation system (TCS). The thermal compensation system was designed to minimize thermally-induced spatial distortions in the interferometer optical modes and to provide some correction for static curvature errors in the core optics of aLIGO. The TCS is comprised of ring heater actuators, spatially tunable CO$_{2}$ laser projectors and Hartmann wavefront sensors. The system meets the requirements of correcting for nominal distortion in Advanced LIGO to a maximum residual error of 5.4nm, weighted across the laser beam, for up to 125W of laser input power into the interferometer.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2016arXiv

Planet Formation Imager (PFI): science vision and key requirements

The Planet Formation Imager (PFI) project aims to provide a strong scientific vision for ground-based optical astronomy beyond the upcoming generation of Extremely Large Telescopes. We make the case that a breakthrough in angular resolution imaging capabilities is required in order to unravel the processes involved in planet formation. PFI will be optimised to provide a complete census of the protoplanet population at all stellocentric radii and over the age range from 0.1 to about 100 Myr. Within this age period, planetary systems undergo dramatic changes and the final architecture of planetary systems is determined. Our goal is to study the planetary birth on the natural spatial scale where the material is assembled, which is the "Hill Sphere" of the forming planet, and to characterise the protoplanetary cores by measuring their masses and physical properties. Our science working group has investigated the observational characteristics of these young protoplanets as well as the migration mechanisms that might alter the system architecture. We simulated the imprints that the planets leave in the disk and study how PFI could revolutionise areas ranging from exoplanet to extragalactic science. In this contribution we outline the key science drivers of PFI and discuss the requirements that will guide the technology choices, the site selection, and potential science/technology tradeoffs.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2016arXiv

The Shaping of the Multipolar Pre-Planetary Nebula CRL 618 by Multi-directional Bullets

In order to understand the formation of the multipolar structures of the pre-planetary nebula (PPN) CRL 618, we perform 3D simulations using a multi-directional bullet model. The optical lobes of CRL 618 and fast molecular outflows at the tips of the lobes have been found to have similar expansion ages of ~ 100 yr. Additional fast molecular outflows were found near the source along the outflow axes with ages of ~ 45 yr, suggesting a second episode of bullet ejections. Thus, in our simulations, two episodes of bullet ejections are assumed. The shaping process is simulated using the ZEUS-3D hydrodynamics code that includes molecular and atomic cooling. In addition, molecular chemistry is also included to calculate the CO intensity maps. Our results show the following: (1) Multi-epoch bullets interacting with the toroidal dense core can produce the collimated multiple lobes as seen in CRL 618. The total mass of the bullets is ~ 0.034 solar mass, consistent with the observed high-velocity CO emission in fast molecular outflows. (2) The simulated CO J=3-2 intensity maps show that the low-velocity cavity wall and the high-velocity outflows along the lobes are reasonably consistent with the observations. The position-velocity diagram of the outflows along the outflow axes shows a linear increase of velocity with distance, similar to the observations. The ejections of these bullets could be due to magneto-rotational explosions or nova-like explosions around a binary companion.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2014arXiv

VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV): Halfway Status and Results

The VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) survey is one of six public ESO surveys, and is now in its 4th year of observing. Although far from being complete, the VVV survey has already delivered many results, some directly connected to the intended science goals (detection of variables stars, microlensing events, new star clusters), others concerning more exotic objects, e.g. novae. Now, at the end of the fourth observing period, and comprising roughly 50% of the proposed observations, the actual status of the survey, as well some of the results based on the VVV data, are presented.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access