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Jun Li

Jun Li contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

13 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

A relativistic quantum Euler-Poisson system derived from the Klein-Gordon-Poisson equation: hyperbolic-elliptic structure

In the Klein-Gordon equation, quantum and relativistic parameters are strongly coupled, which poses significant analytical challenges in the derivation and analysis of related classical fluid models. In this paper, starting from the Klein-Gordon-Poisson system, we formally derive a relativistic quantum hydrodynamic (RQHD) system via the Madelung transformation, in which the relativistic and quantum correction terms in the Euler-Poisson framework are clearly exhibited. In particular, at a formal level, the RQHD system reduces to the relativistic hydrodynamics system in the semiclassical regime and to the quantum hydrodynamics system in the non-relativistic regime. These limiting procedures highlight the unified structure of the proposed model and clarify the role played by the coupled relativistic and quantum effects. From an analytical point of view, by reformulating the RQHD system as a coupled hyperbolic-elliptic system with a nonlocal Poisson interaction, we establish the local-in-time existence and uniqueness of classical solutions to the associated Cauchy problem. The initial density is assumed to be a small perturbation of a positive constant state, while the remaining initial data are taken to be general smooth functions. The analysis relies on energy estimates and suitable estimates for the nonlocal terms, and provides a rigorous well-posedness result in the natural energy space.

preprint2026arXiv

AdaMorph: Unified Motion Retargeting via Embodiment-Aware Adaptive Transformers

Retargeting human motion to heterogeneous robots is a fundamental challenge in robotics, primarily due to the severe kinematic and dynamic discrepancies between varying embodiments. Existing solutions typically resort to training embodiment-specific models, which scales poorly and fails to exploit shared motion semantics. To address this, we present AdaMorph, a unified neural retargeting framework that enables a single model to adapt human motion to diverse robot morphologies. Our approach treats retargeting as a conditional generation task. We map human motion into a morphology-agnostic latent intent space and utilize a dual-purpose prompting mechanism to condition the generation. Instead of simple input concatenation, we leverage Adaptive Layer Normalization (AdaLN) to dynamically modulate the decoder's feature space based on embodiment constraints. Furthermore, we enforce physical plausibility through a curriculum-based training objective that ensures orientation and trajectory consistency via integration. Experimental results on 12 distinct humanoid robots demonstrate that AdaMorph effectively unifies control across heterogeneous topologies, exhibiting strong zero-shot generalization to unseen complex motions while preserving the dynamic essence of the source behaviors.

preprint2026arXiv

AnyECG: Evolved ECG Foundation Model for Holistic Health Profiling

Background: Artificial intelligence enabled electrocardiography (AI-ECG) has demonstrated the ability to detect diverse pathologies, but most existing models focus on single disease identification, neglecting comorbidities and future risk prediction. Although ECGFounder expanded cardiac disease coverage, a holistic health profiling model remains needed. Methods: We constructed a large multicenter dataset comprising 13.3 million ECGs from 2.98 million patients. Using transfer learning, ECGFounder was fine-tuned to develop AnyECG, a foundation model for holistic health profiling. Performance was evaluated using external validation cohorts and a 10-year longitudinal cohort for current diagnosis, future risk prediction, and comorbidity identification. Results: AnyECG demonstrated systemic predictive capability across 1172 conditions, achieving an AUROC greater than 0.7 for 306 diseases. The model revealed novel disease associations, robust comorbidity patterns, and future disease risks. Representative examples included high diagnostic performance for hyperparathyroidism (AUROC 0.941), type 2 diabetes (0.803), Crohn disease (0.817), lymphoid leukemia (0.856), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.773). Conclusion: The AnyECG foundation model provides substantial evidence that AI-ECG can serve as a systemic tool for concurrent disease detection and long-term risk prediction.

preprint2026arXiv

Bézier Degradation Modeling for LiDAR-based Human Motion Capture

LiDAR-based 3D human motion capture has broad applications in fields such as autonomous driving and robotics, where accurate motion reconstruction is crucial. However, existing methods often struggle with unstable inputs and severe occlusions, leading to jittery or even failed pose predictions. To address these challenges, we propose BMLiCap, a coarse-to-fine framework that models motion using temporally compressible Bézier curves. By reducing control points through a trajectory-preserving strategy, we obtain a coherent and learning-friendly motion representation. To reconstruct human actions from LiDAR point-cloud cues, we design a progressive motion-reconstruction module. Specifically, a Time-scale Motion Transformer (TMT) is introduced to predict motion curves at multiple temporal scales, and a Multi-level Motion Aggregator (MMA) is utilized to adaptively fuse the multi-scale curves to recover detailed, temporally coherent poses, effectively bridging observation gaps caused by occlusions and noise. Across four mainstream benchmarks LiDARHuman26M, FreeMotion, NoiseMotion, and SLOPER4D, BMLiCap achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and temporal continuity in complex scenes, demonstrating its ability to compensate for severe occlusions and reduce prediction jitter.

preprint2026arXiv

CAR-SAM: Cross-Attention Reconstruction for Post-Training Quantization of the Segment Anything Model

Segment Anything Models (SAMs) are extensively used in computer vision for universal image segmentation, but deploying them on resource-constrained devices is challenging due to their high computational and memory demands. Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is a widely used technique for model compression and acceleration. However, existing PTQ methods fail to consider the cross-attention architecture in the SAM decoder. This degradation primarily stems from the unique challenges posed by SAMs: (1) Attention dissipation, where the attention information in the decoder, which is crucial for representing segmentation masks, collapses into a diffuse and non-semantic form under low-bit quantization; and (2) Reconstruction oscillation, where bidirectional coupling within the two-way transformer introduces cross-branch error interference and destabilizes convergence. To tackle these issues, we propose CAR-SAM, a unified quantization framework tailored for SAMs. Firstly, to mitigate attention dissipation, we introduce MatMul-Aware Compensation (MAC) mechanism that transfers activation-induced quantization errors from MatMul to preceding linear weights. Secondly, to mitigate oscillation in decoder optimization, we develop a Joint Cross-Attention Reconstruction (JCAR) strategy that jointly reconstructs coupled attention branches, suppressing oscillatory behavior and promoting stable convergence. Extensive experiments show that CAR-SAM robustly quantizes SAM models down to 4-bit precision, surpassing existing methods by 14.6% and 6.6% mAP on SAM-B and SAM-L respectively.

preprint2026arXiv

Continuous Unitary Designs for Universally Robust Quantum Control

Unitary designs are unitary ensembles that emulate Haar-random unitary statistics. They provide a vital tool for studying quantum randomness and have found broad applications in quantum technologies. However, existing research has focused on discrete ensembles, despite that many physical processes, such as in quantum chaos, thermalization, and control, naturally involve continuous ensembles generated from continuous time-evolution. Here we initial the study of continuous unitary designs, addressing fundamental questions about their construction and practical utility. For single-qubit system, we construct explicit unitary 1-design paths from spherical 2-design curves and Hopf fibration theory. For arbitrary dimensions, we develop two systematic construction frameworks, one based on topological bundle theory of the unitary group and the other based on the Heisenberg-Weyl group. On the practical front, our unitary design paths provide analytical solutions to universally robust quantum control. Simulations show they outperform conventional pulse techniques in mitigating arbitrary unknown static noises, demonstrating immediate utility for quantum engineering. Extending unitary designs to the continuous domain not only introduces powerful geometric and topological tools that complement conventional combinatorial and group-theoretic methods, but also enhances experimental feasibility over discrete counterparts which usually involve instantaneous pulses. As an outlook, we anticipate that this work will pave the way for using continuous unitary designs to explore complex quantum dynamics and devise quantum information protocols.

preprint2026arXiv

Does DINOv3 Set a New Medical Vision Standard? Benchmarking 2D and 3D Classification, Segmentation, and Registration

The advent of large-scale vision foundation models, pre-trained on diverse natural images, has marked a paradigm shift in computer vision. However, how the frontier vision foundation models' efficacies transfer to specialised domains such as medical imaging remains an open question. This report investigates whether DINOv3, a state-of-the-art self-supervised vision transformer (ViT) pre-trained on natural images, can directly serve as a powerful, unified encoder for medical vision tasks without domain-specific fine-tuning. To answer this, we benchmark DINOv3 across common medical vision tasks, including 2D and 3D classification, segmentation, and registration on a wide range of medical imaging modalities. We systematically analyse its scalability by varying model sizes and input image resolutions. Our findings reveal that DINOv3 shows impressive performance and establishes a formidable new baseline. Remarkably, it can even outperform medical-specific foundation models like BiomedCLIP and CT-Net on several tasks, despite being trained solely on natural images. However, we identify clear limitations: The model's features degrade in scenarios requiring deep domain specialisation, such as in whole-slide images (WSIs), electron microscopy (EM), and positron emission tomography (PET). Furthermore, we observe that DINOv3 does not consistently follow the scaling law in the medical domain. Its performance does not reliably increase with larger models or finer feature resolutions, showing diverse scaling behaviours across tasks. Overall, our work establishes DINOv3 as a strong baseline, whose powerful visual features can serve as a robust prior for multiple medical tasks. This opens promising future directions, such as leveraging its features to enforce multiview consistency in 3D reconstruction.

preprint2026arXiv

Experimental realization of quantum Zeno dynamics for robust quantum metrology

Quantum Zeno dynamics (QZD), which restricts the system's evolution to a protected subspace, provides a promising approach for protecting quantum information from noise. Here, we explore a practical approach to harnessing QZD for robust quantum metrology. By introducing strong inter-particle interactions during the parameter encoding stage, we overcome the typical limitations of previous QZD studies, which have largely focused on single-particle systems and faced challenges where QZD could interfere with the encoding process. We experimentally validate the proposed scheme on a nuclear magnetic resonance platform, achieving near-optimal precision scaling under amplitude damping in both parallel and sequential settings. Numerical simulations further demonstrate the scalability of the approach and its compatibility with other control techniques for suppressing more general types of noise. These findings highlight QZD as a powerful strategy for noise-resilient quantum metrology.

preprint2026arXiv

Multi-Scale Dequant: Eliminating Dequantization Bottleneck via Activation Decomposition for Efficient LLM Inference

Quantization is essential for efficient large language model (LLM) inference, yet the dequantization step-converting low-bit weights back to high-precision for matrix multiplication has become a critical bottleneck on modern AI accelerators. On architectures with decoupled compute units (e.g., Ascend NPUs), dequantization operations can consume more cycles than the matrix multiplication itself, leaving the high-throughput tensor cores underutilized. This paper presents Multi-Scale Dequant (MSD), a quantization framework that removes weight/KV dequantization from the GEMM critical path. Instead of lifting low-bit weights to BF16 precision, MSD decomposes high-precision BF16 activations into multiple low-precision components, each of which can be multiplied directly with quantized weights via native hardware-accelerated GEMM. This approach shifts the computational paradigm from precision conversion to multi-scale approximation, avoiding INT8-to-BF16 weight conversion before GEMM. We instantiate MSD for two weight formats and derive tight error bounds for each. For INT8 weights (W4A16), two-pass INT8 decomposition achieves near 16 effective bits. For MXFP4 weights (W4A16), two-pass MXFP4 decomposition yields near 6.6 effective bits with error bound 1/64 per block surpassing single-pass MXFP8(5.24 bits) while maintaining the same effective GEMM compute time. We further derive closed-form latency and HBM traffic models showing that MSD avoids the Vector-Cube pipeline stall caused by dequantization and reduces KV cache HBM traffic by up to 2.5 times in attention. Numerical simulations on matrix multiplication and Flash Attention kernels confirm that MSD does not degrade accuracy compared to dequantization baselines, and in many settings achieves lower L2 error.

preprint2026arXiv

Parallel Quantum Gates via Scalable Subsystem-Optimized Robust Control

Accurate and efficient implementation of parallel quantum gates is crucial for scalable quantum information processing. However, the unavoidable crosstalk between qubits in current noisy processors impedes the achievement of high gate fidelities and renders full Hilbert-space control optimization prohibitively difficult. Here, we overcome this challenge by reducing the full-system optimization to crosstalk-robust control over constant-sized subsystems, which dramatically reduces the computational cost. Our method effectively eliminates the leading-order gate operation deviations induced by crosstalk, thereby suppressing error rates. Within this framework, we construct analytical pulse solutions for parallel single-qubit gates and numerical pulses for parallel multi-qubit operations. We validate the proposed approach numerically across multiple platforms, including coupled nitrogen-vacancy centers, a nuclear-spin processor, and superconducting-qubit arrays with up to 200 qubits. As a result, the noise scaling is reduced from exponential to linear for parallel single-qubit gates, and an order-of-magnitude reduction is achieved for parallel multi-qubit gates. Moreover, our method does not require precise knowledge of crosstalk strengths and makes no assumption about the underlying qubit connectivity or lattice geometry, thereby establishing a scalable framework for parallel quantum control in large-scale quantum architectures.

preprint2026arXiv

V2X-Radar: A Multi-modal Dataset with 4D Radar for Cooperative Perception

Modern autonomous vehicle perception systems often struggle with occlusions and limited perception range. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of cooperative perception in extending the perception range and overcoming occlusions, thereby enhancing the safety of autonomous driving. In recent years, a series of cooperative perception datasets have emerged; however, these datasets primarily focus on cameras and LiDAR, neglecting 4D Radar, a sensor used in single-vehicle autonomous driving to provide robust perception in adverse weather conditions. In this paper, to bridge the gap created by the absence of 4D Radar datasets in cooperative perception, we present V2X-Radar, the first large-scale, real-world multi-modal dataset featuring 4D Radar. V2X-Radar dataset is collected using a connected vehicle platform and an intelligent roadside unit equipped with 4D Radar, LiDAR, and multi-view cameras. The collected data encompasses sunny and rainy weather conditions, spanning daytime, dusk, and nighttime, as well as various typical challenging scenarios. The dataset consists of 20K LiDAR frames, 40K camera images, and 20K 4D Radar data, including 350K annotated boxes across five categories. To support various research domains, we have established V2X-Radar-C for cooperative perception, V2X-Radar-I for roadside perception, and V2X-Radar-V for single-vehicle perception. Furthermore, we provide comprehensive benchmarks across these three sub-datasets. We will release all datasets and benchmark codebase at https://huggingface.co/datasets/yanglei18/V2X-Radar and https://github.com/yanglei18/V2X-Radar.

preprint2025arXiv

Decentralized No-Regret Frequency-Time Scheduling for FMCW Radar Interference Avoidance

Automotive FMCW radars are indispensable to modern ADAS and autonomous-driving systems, but their increasing density has intensified the risk of mutual interference. Existing mitigation techniques, including reactive receiver-side suppression, proactive waveform design, and cooperative scheduling, often face limitations in scalability, reliance on side-channel communication, or degradation of range-Doppler resolution. Building on our earlier work on decentralized Frequency-Domain No-Regret hopping, this paper introduces a unified time-frequency game-theoretic framework that enables radars to adapt across both spectral and temporal resources. We formulate the interference-avoidance problem as a repeated anti-coordination game, in which each radar autonomously updates a mixed strategy over frequency subbands and chirp-level time offsets using regret-minimization dynamics. We show that the proposed Time-Frequency No-Regret Hopping algorithm achieves vanishing external and swap regret, and that the induced empirical play converges to an $\varepsilon$-coarse correlated equilibrium or a correlated equilibrium. Theoretical analysis provides regret bounds in the joint domain, revealing how temporal adaptation implicitly regularizes frequency selection and enhances robustness against asynchronous interference. Numerical experiments with multi-radar scenarios demonstrate substantial improvements in SINR, collision rate, and range-Doppler quality compared with time-frequency random hopping and centralized Nash-based benchmarks.