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Hisao Ishibuchi

Hisao Ishibuchi contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

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Published work

13 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

An Efficient Evolutionary Algorithm for Few-for-Many Optimization

Few-for-many (F4M) optimization, recently introduced as a novel paradigm in multi-objective optimization, aims to find a small set of solutions that effectively handle a large number of conflicting objectives. Unlike traditional many-objective optimization methods, which typically attempt comprehensive coverage of the Pareto front, F4M optimization emphasizes finding a small representative solution set to efficiently address high-dimensional objective spaces. Motivated by the computational complexity and practical relevance of F4M optimization, this paper proposes a new evolutionary algorithm explicitly tailored for efficiently solving F4M optimization problems. Inspired by SMS-EMOA, our proposed approach employs a $(μ+1)$-evolution strategy guided by the objective of F4M optimization. Furthermore, to facilitate rigorous performance assessment, we propose a novel benchmark test suite specifically designed for F4M optimization by leveraging the similarity between the R2 indicator and F4M formulations. Our test suite is highly flexible, allowing any existing multi-objective optimization problem to be transformed into a corresponding F4M instance via scalarization using the weighted Tchebycheff function. Comprehensive experimental evaluations on benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance of our algorithm compared to existing state-of-the-art algorithms, especially on instances involving a large number of objectives. The source code of the proposed algorithm will be released publicly. Source code is available at https://github.com/MOL-SZU/SoM-EMOA.

preprint2026arXiv

PHIDA: Persistence-Guided Node-to-Cluster Mapping for Online Clustering

Online clustering methods that adaptively create and update nodes as data arrive often make node learning explicit, whereas the mapping from the learned node state to output clusters often remains implicit or simplified. Implicit mappings make output clusters sensitive to weak graph bridges or local relations based on distance in the graph over learned nodes, leaving no explicit constraint on which node groups remain intact during mapping. This paper addresses this gap by proposing PHIDA, a persistence-guided node-to-cluster mapping method for online clustering with learned nodes. PHIDA implements this mapping within Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART)-based online clustering by combining Inverse-Distance ART (IDA) node learning with node-to-cluster mapping constrained by Persistent Homology (PH). Experiments on 24 benchmark datasets show that PHIDA achieves the best average ranks in stationary comparisons that include the recent stationary-only clustering methods, while also improving aggregate performance in the nonstationary setting over the evaluated online methods that adaptively create and update nodes. Ablations and comparisons with conventional node-to-cluster mappings indicate that the observed gains are associated with PH-constrained mapping that preserves raw PH components, together with the use of the PH component view during node learning. Source code is available at https://github.com/Masuyama-lab/PHIDA

preprint2022arXiv

Adaptive Resonance Theory-based Topological Clustering with a Divisive Hierarchical Structure Capable of Continual Learning

Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) is considered as an effective approach for realizing continual learning thanks to its ability to handle the plasticity-stability dilemma. In general, however, the clustering performance of ART-based algorithms strongly depends on the specification of a similarity threshold, i.e., a vigilance parameter, which is data-dependent and specified by hand. This paper proposes an ART-based topological clustering algorithm with a mechanism that automatically estimates a similarity threshold from the distribution of data points. In addition, for improving information extraction performance, a divisive hierarchical clustering algorithm capable of continual learning is proposed by introducing a hierarchical structure to the proposed algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has high clustering performance comparable with recently-proposed state-of-the-art hierarchical clustering algorithms.

preprint2022arXiv

HV-Net: Hypervolume Approximation based on DeepSets

In this letter, we propose HV-Net, a new method for hypervolume approximation in evolutionary multi-objective optimization. The basic idea of HV-Net is to use DeepSets, a deep neural network with permutation invariant property, to approximate the hypervolume of a non-dominated solution set. The input of HV-Net is a non-dominated solution set in the objective space, and the output is an approximated hypervolume value of this solution set. The performance of HV-Net is evaluated through computational experiments by comparing it with two commonly-used hypervolume approximation methods (i.e., point-based method and line-based method). Our experimental results show that HV-Net outperforms the other two methods in terms of both the approximation error and the runtime, which shows the potential of using deep learning technique for hypervolume approximation.

preprint2022arXiv

Hybridization of evolutionary algorithm and deep reinforcement learning for multi-objective orienteering optimization

Multi-objective orienteering problems (MO-OPs) are classical multi-objective routing problems and have received a lot of attention in the past decades. This study seeks to solve MO-OPs through a problem-decomposition framework, that is, a MO-OP is decomposed into a multi-objective knapsack problem (MOKP) and a travelling salesman problem (TSP). The MOKP and TSP are then solved by a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) and a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method, respectively. While the MOEA module is for selecting cities, the DRL module is for planning a Hamiltonian path for these cities. An iterative use of these two modules drives the population towards the Pareto front of MO-OPs. The effectiveness of the proposed method is compared against NSGA-II and NSGA-III on various types of MO-OP instances. Experimental results show that our method exhibits the best performance on almost all the test instances, and has shown strong generalization ability.

preprint2022arXiv

Learning to Approximate: Auto Direction Vector Set Generation for Hypervolume Contribution Approximation

Hypervolume contribution is an important concept in evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO). It involves in hypervolume-based EMO algorithms and hypervolume subset selection algorithms. Its main drawback is that it is computationally expensive in high-dimensional spaces, which limits its applicability to many-objective optimization. Recently, an R2 indicator variant (i.e., $R_2^{\text{HVC}}$ indicator) is proposed to approximate the hypervolume contribution. The $R_2^{\text{HVC}}$ indicator uses line segments along a number of direction vectors for hypervolume contribution approximation. It has been shown that different direction vector sets lead to different approximation quality. In this paper, we propose \textit{Learning to Approximate (LtA)}, a direction vector set generation method for the $R_2^{\text{HVC}}$ indicator. The direction vector set is automatically learned from training data. The learned direction vector set can then be used in the $R_2^{\text{HVC}}$ indicator to improve its approximation quality. The usefulness of the proposed LtA method is examined by comparing it with other commonly-used direction vector set generation methods for the $R_2^{\text{HVC}}$ indicator. Experimental results suggest the superiority of LtA over the other methods for generating high quality direction vector sets.

preprint2021arXiv

Niching Diversity Estimation for Multi-modal Multi-objective Optimization

Niching is an important and widely used technique in evolutionary multi-objective optimization. Its applications mainly focus on maintaining diversity and avoiding early convergence to local optimum. Recently, a special class of multi-objective optimization problems, namely, multi-modal multi-objective optimization problems (MMOPs), started to receive increasing attention. In MMOPs, a solution in the objective space may have multiple inverse images in the decision space, which are termed as equivalent solutions. Since equivalent solutions are overlapping (i.e., occupying the same position) in the objective space, standard diversity estimators such as crowding distance are likely to select one of them and discard the others, which may cause diversity loss in the decision space. In this study, a general niching mechanism is proposed to make standard diversity estimators more efficient when handling MMOPs. In our experiments, we integrate our proposed niching diversity estimation method into SPEA2 and NSGA-II and evaluate their performance on several MMOPs. Experimental results show that the proposed niching mechanism notably enhances the performance of SPEA2 and NSGA-II on various MMOPs.

preprint2020arXiv

A Decomposition-based Large-scale Multi-modal Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm

A multi-modal multi-objective optimization problem is a special kind of multi-objective optimization problem with multiple Pareto subsets. In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-modal multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the widely used MOEA/D algorithm. In our proposed algorithm, each weight vector has its own sub-population. With a clearing mechanism and a greedy removal strategy, our proposed algorithm can effectively preserve equivalent Pareto optimal solutions (i.e., different Pareto optimal solutions with same objective values). Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can effectively preserve the diversity of solutions in the decision space when handling large-scale multi-modal multi-objective optimization problems.

preprint2020arXiv

Algorithm Configurations of MOEA/D with an Unbounded External Archive

In the evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) community, it is usually assumed that the final population is presented to the decision maker as the result of the execution of an EMO algorithm. Recently, an unbounded external archive was used to evaluate the performance of EMO algorithms in some studies where a pre-specified number of solutions are selected from all the examined non-dominated solutions. In this framework, which is referred to as the solution selection framework, the final population does not have to be a good solution set. Thus, the solution selection framework offers higher flexibility to the design of EMO algorithms than the final population framework. In this paper, we examine the design of MOEA/D under these two frameworks. First, we show that the performance of MOEA/D is improved by linearly changing the reference point specification during its execution through computational experiments with various combinations of initial and final specifications. Robust and high performance of the solution selection framework is observed. Then, we examine the use of a genetic algorithm-based offline hyper-heuristic method to find the best configuration of MOEA/D in each framework. Finally, we further discuss solution selection after the execution of an EMO algorithm in the solution selection framework.

preprint2020arXiv

Decomposition-Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Design under Two Algorithm Frameworks

The development of efficient and effective evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithms has been an active research topic in the evolutionary computation community. Over the years, many EMO algorithms have been proposed. The existing EMO algorithms are mainly developed based on the final population framework. In the final population framework, the final population of an EMO algorithm is presented to the decision maker. Thus, it is required that the final population produced by an EMO algorithm is a good solution set. Recently, the use of solution selection framework was suggested for the design of EMO algorithms. This framework has an unbounded external archive to store all the examined solutions. A pre-specified number of solutions are selected from the archive as the final solutions presented to the decision maker. When the solution selection framework is used, EMO algorithms can be designed in a more flexible manner since the final population is not necessarily to be a good solution set. In this paper, we examine the design of MOEA/D under these two frameworks. We use an offline genetic algorithm-based hyper-heuristic method to find the optimal configuration of MOEA/D in each framework. The DTLZ and WFG test suites and their minus versions are used in our experiments. The experimental results suggest the possibility that a more flexible, robust and high-performance MOEA/D algorithm can be obtained when the solution selection framework is used.

preprint2020arXiv

Effects of Discretization of Decision and Objective Spaces on the Performance of Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization Algorithms

Recently, the discretization of decision and objective spaces has been discussed in the literature. In some studies, it is shown that the decision space discretization improves the performance of evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithms on continuous multi-objective test problems. In other studies, it is shown that the objective space discretization improves the performance on combinatorial multi-objective problems. However, the effect of the simultaneous discretization of both spaces has not been examined in the literature. In this paper, we examine the effects of the decision space discretization, objective space discretization and simultaneous discretization on the performance of NSGA-II through computational experiments on the DTLZ and WFG problems. Using various settings about the number of decision variables and the number of objectives, our experiments are performed on four types of problems: standard problems, large-scale problems, many-objective problems, and large-scale many-objective problems. We show that the decision space discretization has a positive effect for large-scale problems and the objective space discretization has a positive effect for many-objective problems. We also show the discretization of both spaces is useful for large-scale many-objective problems.

preprint2020arXiv

Soft Computing Techniques for Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) allow us to manipulate objects in the physical world by providing a communication bridge between computation and actuation elements. In the current scheme of things, this sought-after control is marred by limitations inherent in the underlying communication network(s) as well as by the uncertainty found in the physical world. These limitations hamper fine-grained control of elements that may be separated by large-scale distances. In this regard, soft computing is an emerging paradigm that can help to overcome the vulnerabilities, and unreliability of CPS by using techniques including fuzzy systems, neural network, evolutionary computation, probabilistic reasoning and rough sets. In this paper, we present a comprehensive contemporary review of soft computing techniques for CPS dependability modeling, analysis, and improvement. This paper provides an overview of CPS applications, explores the foundations of dependability engineering, and highlights the potential role of soft computing techniques for CPS dependability with various case studies, while identifying common pitfalls and future directions. In addition, this paper provides a comprehensive survey on the use of various soft computing techniques for making CPS dependable.

preprint2020arXiv

Solution Subset Selection for Final Decision Making in Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization

In general, a multi-objective optimization problem does not have a single optimal solution but a set of Pareto optimal solutions, which forms the Pareto front in the objective space. Various evolutionary algorithms have been proposed to approximate the Pareto front using a pre-specified number of solutions. Hundreds of solutions are obtained by their single run. The selection of a single final solution from the obtained solutions is assumed to be done by a human decision maker. However, in many cases, the decision maker does not want to examine hundreds of solutions. Thus, it is needed to select a small subset of the obtained solutions. In this paper, we discuss subset selection from a viewpoint of the final decision making. First we briefly explain existing subset selection studies. Next we formulate an expected loss function for subset selection. We also show that the formulated function is the same as the IGD plus indicator. Then we report experimental results where the proposed approach is compared with other indicator-based subset selection methods.