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Hassan Shapourian

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Published work

12 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Benchmarking Quantum Data Center Architectures: A Performance and Scalability Perspective

Scalable distributed quantum computing (DQC) has motivated the design of multiple quantum data-center (QDC) architectures that overcome the limitations of single quantum processors through modular interconnection. While these architectures adopt fundamentally different design philosophies, their relative performance under realistic quantum hardware constraints remains poorly understood. In this paper, we present a systematic benchmarking study of four representative QDC architectures-QFly, BCube, Clos, and Fat-Tree-quantifying their impact on distributed quantum circuit execution latency, resource contention, and scalability. Focusing on quantum-specific effects absent from classical data-center evaluations, we analyze how optical-loss-induced Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair generation delays, coherence-limited entanglement retry windows, and contention from teleportation-based non-local gates shape end-to-end execution performance. Across diverse circuit workloads, we evaluate how architectural properties such as path diversity and path length, and shared BSM (Bell State Measurement) resources interact with optical-switch insertion loss and reconfiguration delay. Our results show that distributed quantum performance is jointly shaped by topology, scheduling policies, and physical-layer parameters, and that these factors interact in nontrivial ways. Together, these insights provide quantitative guidance for the design of scalable and high-performance quantum data-center architectures for DQC.

preprint2026arXiv

ZAYA1-VL-8B Technical Report

We present ZAYA1-VL-8B, a compact mixture-of-experts vision-language model built upon our in-house language model, ZAYA1-8B. Despite its compact size, ZAYA1-VL achieves performance competitive with leading base models such as Molmo2-4B and InternVL3.5-4B, while surpassing models including Qwen2.5-VL-3B, PLM-3B, and MolmoE-1B across a range of image understanding, reasoning, and counting benchmarks. The architecture incorporates two key innovations: (1) vision-specific LoRA adapters integrated into the LLM to increase modality-specific capacity without increasing the number of experts, and (2) bidirectional attention over image tokens within the LLM to enhance visual understanding. We detail the full training pipeline including data composition at each stage, sequence packing, and the attention masking scheme. The model comprises 9.2B total parameters, with 1.4B active parameters including the vision encoder, and is publicly available at https://huggingface.co/Zyphra/ZAYA1-VL.

preprint2021arXiv

Andreev reflection in the fractional quantum Hall state

We construct high-quality graphene-based van der Waals devices with narrow superconducting niobium nitride (NbN) electrodes, in which superconductivity and robust fqH coexist. We find crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) across the superconductor separating two fqH edges. Our observed CAR probabilities in the particle-like fractional fillings are markedly higher than those in the integer and hole-conjugate fractional fillings and depend strongly on temperature and magnetic field unlike the other fillings. Further, we find a filling-independent CAR probability in integer fillings, which we attribute to spin-orbit coupling in NbN allowing for Andreev reflection between spin-polarized edges. These results provide a route to realize novel topological superconducting phases in fqH-superconductor hybrid devices based on graphene and NbN.

preprint2021arXiv

Bound entanglement in thermalized states and black hole radiation

We study the mixed-state entanglement structure of chaotic quantum many-body systems at late times using the recently developed $\textit{equilibrium approximation}$. A rich entanglement phase diagram emerges when we generalize this technique to evaluate the logarithmic negativity for various universality classes of macroscopically thermalized states. Unlike in the infinite temperature case, when we impose energy constraints at finite temperature, the phase diagrams for the logarithmic negativity and the mutual information become distinct. In particular, we identify a regime where the negativity is extensive but the mutual information is sub-extensive, indicating a large amount of $\textit{bound entanglement}$. When applied to evaporating black holes, these results imply that there is quantum entanglement within the Hawking radiation long before the Page time, although this entanglement may not be distillable into EPR pairs.

preprint2021arXiv

Mixed-state entanglement and information recovery in thermalized states and evaporating black holes

We study the universal behavior of quantum information-theoretic quantities in thermalized isolated quantum many-body systems and evaporating black holes. In particular, we study a genuine mixed-state entanglement measure called the logarithmic negativity, other correlation measures including the Renyi negativities and the mutual information, and a signature of multipartite entanglement called the reflected entropy. We also probe the feasibility of recovering quantum information from subsystems of a thermalized quantum many-body system or from the radiation of an evaporating black hole, using quantities such as relative entropy and Petz map fidelity. A recently developed technique called the equilibrium approximation allows us to probe these quantities at finite temperature. We find striking qualitative differences from the infinite temperature case, which has been the topic of previous studies using Haar-random states. In particular, we find regimes where the logarithmic negativity is extensive but the mutual information is sub-extensive, indicating a large amount of undistillable, bound entanglement in thermalized states. For evaporating black holes at finite temperature, both the logarithmic negativity and the Petz map fidelity reveal an important new time scale $t_b$, which is earlier than the Page time $t_p$ by a finite fraction of the total evaporation time. We find that $t_b$, as opposed to $t_p$, is the time scale at which quantum entanglement between different parts of the radiation becomes extensive, and the fidelity of information recovery for a large diary thrown into the black hole starts to grow.

preprint2020arXiv

The negativity contour: a quasi-local measure of entanglement for mixed states

In this paper, we study the entanglement structure of mixed states in quantum many-body systems using the $\textit{negativity contour}$, a local measure of entanglement that determines which real-space degrees of freedom in a subregion are contributing to the logarithmic negativity and with what magnitude. We construct an explicit contour function for Gaussian states using the fermionic partial-transpose. We generalize this contour function to generic many-body systems using a natural combination of derivatives of the logarithmic negativity. Though the latter negativity contour function is not strictly positive for all quantum systems, it is simple to compute and produces reasonable and interesting results. In particular, it rigorously satisfies the positivity condition for all holographic states and those obeying the quasi-particle picture. We apply this formalism to quantum field theories with a Fermi surface, contrasting the entanglement structure of Fermi liquids and holographic (hyperscale violating) non-Fermi liquids. The analysis of non-Fermi liquids show anomalous temperature dependence of the negativity depending on the dynamical critical exponent. We further compute the negativity contour following a quantum quench and discuss how this may clarify certain aspects of thermalization.

preprint2016arXiv

Dynamical renormalization group approach to the spin-boson model

We develop a semi-analytical approach beyond the Born-Markov approximation to study the quench dynamics of the spin-boson model in the strong-coupling regime ($α\leq1/2$) for the Ohmic bath. The basic idea in our approach is to write an effective time-dependent model for the dynamics of the system coupled to the bosonic bath after integrating out high-frequency bath modes. By applying this procedure to the Heisenberg equations of motion, we derive a set of flow equations for the system parameters as a function of time. The final flow equations look similar to those of the equilibrium renormalization-group theory; however, in our derivation the scaling parameter is set by the real time. We solve the equations of motion with time-dependent renormalized parameters and show that the resulting dynamics is in decent agreement with the exact NRG calculations as well as the non-interacting blip approximation that is a well-known good solution in this limit.

preprint2016arXiv

Finite-size and composition-driven topological phase transition in (Bi$_{1-x}$In$_x$)$_2$Se$_3$ thin films

In a topological insulator (TI), if its spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strength is gradually reduced, the TI eventually transforms into a trivial insulator beyond a critical point of SOC, at which point the bulk gap closes: this is the standard description of the topological phase transition (TPT). However, this description of TPT, driven solely by the SOC (or something equivalent) and followed by closing and reopening of the bulk band gap, is valid only for infinite-size samples, and little is known how TPT occurs for finite-size samples. Here, using both systematic transport measurements on interface-engineered(Bi$_{1-x}$In$_x$)$_2$Se$_3$ thin films and theoretical simulations (with animations in Supporting Information) we show that description of TPT in finite-size samples needs to be substantially modified from the conventional picture of TPT due to surface-state hybridization and bulk confinement effects. We also show that the finite-size TPT is composed of two separate transitions, topological-normal transition (TNT) and metal-insulator transition (MIT) by providing a detailed phase diagram in the two-dimensional phase space of sample size and SOC strength.

preprint2016arXiv

Fock space localization of polaritons in the Jaynes-Cummings dimer model

We present a new method to study the semiclassical dynamics of the Jaynes-Cummings dimer model, describing two coupled cavities each containing a two-level system (qubit). We develop a Fock space WKB approach in the polariton basis where each site is treated exactly while the intersite polariton hopping is treated semiclassically. We show that the self-trapped states can be viewed as Fock space localized states. We find that this picture yields the correct critical value of interaction strength at which the delocalization-localization transition occurs. Moreover, the validity of our WKB approach is supported by showing that the quantum spectrum can be derived from a set of Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization conditions and by confirming that the quantum eigenstates are consistent with the classical orbital motion in the polariton band picture. The underlying idea of our method is quite general and can be applied to other interacting spin-boson models.

preprint2016arXiv

Phase diagrams of disordered Weyl semimetals

Weyl semimetals are gapless quasi-topological materials with a set of isolated nodal points forming their Fermi surface. They manifest their quasi-topological character in a series of topological electromagnetic responses including the anomalous Hall effect. Here we study the effect of disorder on Weyl semimetals while monitoring both their nodal/semi-metallic and topological properties through computations of the localization length and the Hall conductivity. We examine three different lattice tight-binding models which realize the Weyl semimetal in part of their phase diagram and look for universal features that are common to all of the models, and interesting distinguishing features of each model. We present detailed phase diagrams of these models for large system sizes and we find that weak disorder preserves the nodal points up to the diffusive limit, but does affect the Hall conductivity. We show that the trend of the Hall conductivity is consistent with an effective picture in which disorder causes the Weyl nodes move within the Brillouin zone along a specific direction that depends deterministically on the properties of the model and the neighboring phases to the Weyl semimetal phase. We also uncover an unusual (non-quantized) anomalous Hall insulator phase which can only exist in the presence of disorder.

preprint2016arXiv

Variational identification of a fractional Chern insulator in an extended Bose-Hubbard model

We study the extended Bose-Hubbard model on the square lattice at half filling as a function of next-nearest neighbor hopping amplitude and interaction strength. To variationally map out the phase diagram of this model, we develop a two-parameter family of wave-functions based on the parton construction which can describe both topological and broken symmetry phases on equal footing. In addition, our wave-functions resolve long standing issues with more conventional short-range Jastrow wave-functions. Using this variational ansatz, we show that a spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking fractional Chern insulator is energetically favored over a critical region between two superfluid phases. In verifying the properties of these parton wave-functions we exemplify a more robust way to identify topology through the Hall conductance.

preprint2015arXiv

Viscoelastic response of topological tight-binding models in two and three dimensions

The topological response to external perturbations is an effective probe to characterize different topological phases of matter. Besides the Hall conductance, the Hall viscosity is another example of such a response that measures how electronic wave functions respond to changes in the underlying geometry. Topological (Chern) insulators are known to have a quantized Hall conductance. A natural question is how the Hall viscosity behaves for these materials. So far, most of studies on the Hall viscosity of Chern insulators have focused on the continuum limit. The presence of lattice breaks the continuous translational symmetry to a discrete group and this causes two complications: it introduces a new length scale associated with the lattice constant, and makes the momentum periodic. We develop two different methods of how to implement a lattice deformation: (1) a lattice distortion is encoded as a shift in the lattice momentum, and (2) a lattice deformation is treated microscopically in the gradient expansion of the hopping matrix elements. After establishing the method of deformation we can compute the Hall viscosity through a linear response (Kubo) formula. We examine these methods for three models: the Hofstadter model, the Chern insulator, and the surface of a 3D topological insulator. Our results in certain regimes of parameters, where the continuum limit is relevant, are in agreement with previous calculations. We also provide possible experimental signatures of the Hall viscosity by studying the phononic properties of a single crystal 3D topological insulator.