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Source author record

Claire Monteleoni

Claire Monteleoni appears in the imported research catalog. Authorship, coauthor and topic links are available while profile ownership is still unclaimed.

ResearcherUnclaimed source record
Machine Learningphysics.ao-phArtificial IntelligenceComputer VisionCryptography and SecurityDatabasesNeural and Evolutionary Computing

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Published work

9 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Emulating the Forced Response of Climate Models with Flow Matching

Global climate models are essential tools to simulate past and potential future pathways of climate change, as well as associated climate impacts. Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) describe a range of future scenarios of global economic and demographic development. These SSPs are intrinsically linked to changes in climate forcings, the external drivers, such as greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions, which in turn lead to the human impact on the energy balance of the Earth over time. These forcings are fundamental boundary conditions in climate models in order to gain insight into the potential climatic impacts of these changes described by each SSP. Running a climate model, however, is extremely computationally expensive, conflicting with the need for large ensembles of simulations for each model to give, e.g., more robust estimates in the presence of internal variability (the inherent, chaotic fluctuations within the climate system) and scenario uncertainty. Recent research has demonstrated the ability to capture climate model dynamics using machine learning when conditioned on forcings from different climatic scenarios. We here train a Deep Learning (DL) model on multiple SSPs and successfully generate scenarios unseen during training. Our emulator is validated against MESMER-M, a statistical emulator of land surface temperature. Our research demonstrates the capacity to generate such changing climate states in response to a variety of simultaneous climate forcings (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphate aerosols, and ozone). In particular, our ablation studies underline a need to include a range of different forcings to represent long-term atmospheric trends with a DL emulator.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

SerpentFlow: Generative Unpaired Domain Alignment via Shared-Structure Decomposition

Domain alignment refers broadly to learning correspondences between data distributions from distinct domains. In this work, we focus on a setting where domains share underlying structural patterns despite differences in their specific realizations. The task is particularly challenging in the absence of paired observations, which removes direct supervision across domains. We introduce a generative framework, called SerpentFlow (SharEd-structuRe decomPosition for gEnerative domaiN adapTation), for unpaired domain alignment. SerpentFlow decomposes data within a latent space into a shared component common to both domains and a domain-specific one. By isolating the shared structure and replacing the domain-specific component with stochastic noise, we construct synthetic training pairs between shared representations and target-domain samples, thereby enabling the use of conditional generative models that are traditionally restricted to paired settings. We apply this approach to super-resolution tasks, where the shared component naturally corresponds to low-frequency content while high-frequency details capture domain-specific variability. The cutoff frequency separating low- and high-frequency components is determined automatically using a classifier-based criterion, ensuring a data-driven and domain-adaptive decomposition. By generating pseudo-pairs that preserve low-frequency structures while injecting stochastic high-frequency realizations, we learn the conditional distribution of the target domain given the shared representation. We implement SerpentFlow using Flow Matching as the generative pipeline, although the framework is compatible with other conditional generative approaches. Experiments on synthetic images, physical process simulations, and a climate downscaling task demonstrate that the method effectively reconstructs high-frequency structures consistent with underlying low-frequency patterns, supporting shared-structure decomposition as an effective strategy for unpaired domain alignment.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

STIPP: Space-time in situ postprocessing over the French Alps using proper scoring rules

We propose Space-time in situ postprocessing (STIPP), a machine learning model that generates spatio-temporally consistent weather forecasts for a network of station locations. Gridded forecasts from classical numerical weather prediction or data-driven models often lack the necessary precision due to unresolved local effects. Typical statistical postprocessing methods correct these biases, but often degrade spatio-temporal correlation structures in doing so. Recent works based on generative modeling successfully improve spatial correlation structures but have to forecast every lead time independently. In contrast, STIPP makes joint spatio-temporal forecasts which have increased accuracy for surface temperature, wind, relative humidity and precipitation when compared to baseline methods. It makes hourly ensemble predictions given only a six-hourly deterministic forecast, blending the boundaries of postprocessing and temporal interpolation. By leveraging a multivariate proper scoring rule for training, STIPP contributes to ongoing work data-driven atmospheric models supervised only with distribution marginals.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

ClimAlign: Unsupervised statistical downscaling of climate variables via normalizing flows

Downscaling is a landmark task in climate science and meteorology in which the goal is to use coarse scale, spatio-temporal data to infer values at finer scales. Statistical downscaling aims to approximate this task using statistical patterns gleaned from an existing dataset of downscaled values, often obtained from observations or physical models. In this work, we investigate the application of deep latent variable learning to the task of statistical downscaling. We present ClimAlign, a novel method for unsupervised, generative downscaling using adaptations of recent work in normalizing flows for variational inference. We evaluate the viability of our method using several different metrics on two datasets consisting of daily temperature and precipitation values gridded at low (1 degree latitude/longitude) and high (1/4 and 1/8 degree) resolutions. We show that our method achieves comparable predictive performance to existing supervised statistical downscaling methods while simultaneously allowing for both conditional and unconditional sampling from the joint distribution over high and low resolution spatial fields. We provide publicly accessible implementations of our method, as well as the baselines used for comparison, on GitHub.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Cooperative Online Learning: Keeping your Neighbors Updated

We study an asynchronous online learning setting with a network of agents. At each time step, some of the agents are activated, requested to make a prediction, and pay the corresponding loss. The loss function is then revealed to these agents and also to their neighbors in the network. Our results characterize how much knowing the network structure affects the regret as a function of the model of agent activations. When activations are stochastic, the optimal regret (up to constant factors) is shown to be of order $\sqrt{αT}$, where $T$ is the horizon and $α$ is the independence number of the network. We prove that the upper bound is achieved even when agents have no information about the network structure. When activations are adversarial the situation changes dramatically: if agents ignore the network structure, a $Ω(T)$ lower bound on the regret can be proven, showing that learning is impossible. However, when agents can choose to ignore some of their neighbors based on the knowledge of the network structure, we prove a $O(\sqrt{\overlineχ T})$ sublinear regret bound, where $\overlineχ \ge α$ is the clique-covering number of the network.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2020arXiv

Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasting using Fused Deep Learning from Aligned Reanalysis Data

The forecast of tropical cyclone trajectories is crucial for the protection of people and property. Although forecast dynamical models can provide high-precision short-term forecasts, they are computationally demanding, and current statistical forecasting models have much room for improvement given that the database of past hurricanes is constantly growing. Machine learning methods, that can capture non-linearities and complex relations, have only been scarcely tested for this application. We propose a neural network model fusing past trajectory data and reanalysis atmospheric images (wind and pressure 3D fields). We use a moving frame of reference that follows the storm center for the 24h tracking forecast. The network is trained to estimate the longitude and latitude displacement of tropical cyclones and depressions from a large database from both hemispheres (more than 3000 storms since 1979, sampled at a 6 hour frequency). The advantage of the fused network is demonstrated and a comparison with current forecast models shows that deep learning methods could provide a valuable and complementary prediction. Moreover, our method can give a forecast for a new storm in a few seconds, which is an important asset for real-time forecasts compared to traditional forecasts.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2016arXiv

Convergence rate of stochastic k-means

We analyze online and mini-batch k-means variants. Both scale up the widely used Lloyd 's algorithm via stochastic approximation, and have become popular for large-scale clustering and unsupervised feature learning. We show, for the first time, that they have global convergence towards local optima at $O(\frac{1}{t})$ rate under general conditions. In addition, we show if the dataset is clusterable, with suitable initialization, mini-batch k-means converges to an optimal k-means solution with $O(\frac{1}{t})$ convergence rate with high probability. The k-means objective is non-convex and non-differentiable: we exploit ideas from non-convex gradient-based optimization by providing a novel characterization of the trajectory of k-means algorithm on its solution space, and circumvent its non-differentiability via geometric insights about k-means update.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2016arXiv

Convergence rate of stochastic k-means

We analyze online \cite{BottouBengio} and mini-batch \cite{Sculley} $k$-means variants. Both scale up the widely used $k$-means algorithm via stochastic approximation, and have become popular for large-scale clustering and unsupervised feature learning. We show, for the first time, that starting with any initial solution, they converge to a "local optimum" at rate $O(\frac{1}{t})$ (in terms of the $k$-means objective) under general conditions. In addition, we show if the dataset is clusterable, when initialized with a simple and scalable seeding algorithm, mini-batch $k$-means converges to an optimal $k$-means solution at rate $O(\frac{1}{t})$ with high probability. The $k$-means objective is non-convex and non-differentiable: we exploit ideas from recent work on stochastic gradient descent for non-convex problems \cite{ge:sgd_tensor, balsubramani13} by providing a novel characterization of the trajectory of $k$-means algorithm on its solution space, and circumvent the non-differentiability problem via geometric insights about $k$-means update.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2011arXiv

Differentially Private Empirical Risk Minimization

Privacy-preserving machine learning algorithms are crucial for the increasingly common setting in which personal data, such as medical or financial records, are analyzed. We provide general techniques to produce privacy-preserving approximations of classifiers learned via (regularized) empirical risk minimization (ERM). These algorithms are private under the $ε$-differential privacy definition due to Dwork et al. (2006). First we apply the output perturbation ideas of Dwork et al. (2006), to ERM classification. Then we propose a new method, objective perturbation, for privacy-preserving machine learning algorithm design. This method entails perturbing the objective function before optimizing over classifiers. If the loss and regularizer satisfy certain convexity and differentiability criteria, we prove theoretical results showing that our algorithms preserve privacy, and provide generalization bounds for linear and nonlinear kernels. We further present a privacy-preserving technique for tuning the parameters in general machine learning algorithms, thereby providing end-to-end privacy guarantees for the training process. We apply these results to produce privacy-preserving analogues of regularized logistic regression and support vector machines. We obtain encouraging results from evaluating their performance on real demographic and benchmark data sets. Our results show that both theoretically and empirically, objective perturbation is superior to the previous state-of-the-art, output perturbation, in managing the inherent tradeoff between privacy and learning performance.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access