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Researcher profile

Abdulmotaleb El Saddik

Abdulmotaleb El Saddik contributes to research discovery and scholarly infrastructure.

ResearcherAffiliation not importedOpen to collaborate
MultimediaComputer VisionMachine LearningRoboticsArtificial Intelligenceeess.IVeess.SYHuman-Computer InteractionNetworking and Internet ArchitectureSystems and Control

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Published work

9 published item(s)

preprint2026arXiv

Introducing WARM-VR: Benchmark Dataset for Multimodal Wearable Affect Recognition in Virtual Reality

With the growing integration of human-computer interaction into everyday life, advances in machine learning have enabled systems to better perceive and respond to users' emotional states. Most existing affect recognition datasets focus on static environments, limiting their applicability to immersive multimedia contexts such as Virtual Reality (VR). In this paper, we introduce WARM-VR, a novel publicly available multimodal dataset designed to support affect recognition in immersive, multisensory environments using wearable sensing instrumentation. Data were collected from 31 participants aged 19-37 using wearable sensors: a wristband measuring Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), EDA, skin Temperature, three-axis Acceleration, and a chest strap recording ECG signals. Participants engaged in immersive VR experiences designed to elicit relaxation through a calming beach environment following stress induction via an arithmetic task. These sessions incorporated synchronized multimedia stimuli: visual, auditory, and olfactory. Affective states were assessed subjectively through validated self-report questionnaires and objectively through the analysis of physiological measurements. Statistical analysis of the questionnaires confirmed that VR relaxation significantly reduced negative affect, particularly with olfactory enhancement. Furthermore, we established a benchmark on the dataset using widely recognized machine learning algorithms. The best performance for binary classification from BVP data of valence, was obtained with a CNN and a CNN-Bi-GRU model, both achieving an average F1-score of 0.63 and an AUC of 0.69. For arousal, a lightweight Transformer architecture provided the most balanced results (F1-0 0.54 and F1-1 0.63), outperforming recurrent hybrids. In the relaxation task, a CNN-Bi-GRU model reached the highest overall performance (average F1-score 0.64, AUC 0.69).

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2026arXiv

PPG-Based Affect Recognition with Long-Range Deep Models: A Measurement-Driven Comparison of CNN, Transformer, and Mamba Architectures

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is increasingly used in wearable affective computing due to its low cost and ease of integration into consumer devices. Recent advances in deep learning have introduced long-range sequence models, such as Transformers, and state-space models, like Mamba, which have demonstrated strong performance on natural language and general time-series tasks. However, it remains unclear whether these architectures offer tangible benefits over widely used Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTMs) for PPG-based affect recognition, given that datasets are typically small and noisy. This work presents a measurement-driven comparison of four deep learning architectures, CNN, CNN-LSTM hybrid, Transformers, and Mamba, for classifying arousal, valence, and relaxation states from wrist-based PPG signals. All models are evaluated under a subject-independent 5-fold cross-validation protocol using identical preprocessing, segmentation, and training pipelines. Our results show that the Transformer and Mamba models achieve performance comparable to that of a CNN baseline, but do not consistently outperform it across all tasks. CNNs remain the most effective overall, providing the highest accuracy with the smallest model size, whereas Transformers have a better balance of F1 scores for Arousal and Relaxation. The study provides the first evaluation of Transformer and Mamba models for PPG-based affect recognition, offering practical guidance on model selection for wearable affective monitoring systems.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2023arXiv

Generative Model-Driven Synthetic Training Image Generation: An Approach to Cognition in Rail Defect Detection

Recent advancements in cognitive computing, with the integration of deep learning techniques, have facilitated the development of intelligent cognitive systems (ICS). This is particularly beneficial in the context of rail defect detection, where the ICS would emulate human-like analysis of image data for defect patterns. Despite the success of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in visual defect classification, the scarcity of large datasets for rail defect detection remains a challenge due to infrequent accident events that would result in defective parts and images. Contemporary researchers have addressed this data scarcity challenge by exploring rule-based and generative data augmentation models. Among these, Variational Autoencoder (VAE) models can generate realistic data without extensive baseline datasets for noise modeling. This study proposes a VAE-based synthetic image generation technique for rail defects, incorporating weight decay regularization and image reconstruction loss to prevent overfitting. The proposed method is applied to create a synthetic dataset for the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) with just 50 real samples across five classes. Remarkably, 500 synthetic samples are generated with a minimal reconstruction loss of 0.021. A Visual Transformer (ViT) model underwent fine-tuning using this synthetic CPR dataset, achieving high accuracy rates (98%-99%) in classifying the five defect classes. This research offers a promising solution to the data scarcity challenge in rail defect detection, showcasing the potential for robust ICS development in this domain.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

3-D Markerless Tracking of Human Gait by Geometric Trilateration of Multiple Kinects

In this paper, we develop an integrated markerless gait tracking system with three Kinect v2 sensors. A geometric principle-based trilateration method is proposed for optimizing the accuracy of the measured gait data. To tackle the data synchronization problem among the Kinect clients and the server, a synchronization mechanism based on NTP (Network Time Protocol) is designed for synchronizing the server and Kinect clients' clocks. Furthermore, a time schedule is designed for timing each Kinect client's data transmission. In the experiment, participants are asked to perform a 60 s walk while the proposed tracking system obtains the participant's gait data. Six joints (including left hip, right hip, left knee, right knee, left ankle and right ankle) of the participants are tracked where the obtained gait data are described as 6000 {movements} of joint positions (1000 {movements} for each joint). The results show that the trilateration tracking result by the three Kinect sensors has a much higher accuracy compared with the accuracy measured by a single Kinect sensor. Within a randomly sampled time period (67.726 s in the experiment), 98.37% of the frames generated by the gait tracking system have timing errors less than 1 ms, which is much better than the default NTP service embedded in the Windows 8.1 operating system. The accuracy of the proposed system is quantitatively evaluated and verified by a comparison with a commercial medical system (Delsys Trigno Smart Sensor System).

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

A Combined Approach Toward Consistent Reconstructions of Indoor Spaces Based on 6D RGB-D Odometry and KinectFusion

We propose a 6D RGB-D odometry approach that finds the relative camera pose between consecutive RGB-D frames by keypoint extraction and feature matching both on the RGB and depth image planes. Furthermore, we feed the estimated pose to the highly accurate KinectFusion algorithm, which uses a fast ICP (Iterative Closest Point) to fine-tune the frame-to-frame relative pose and fuse the depth data into a global implicit surface. We evaluate our method on a publicly available RGB-D SLAM benchmark dataset by Sturm et al. The experimental results show that our proposed reconstruction method solely based on visual odometry and KinectFusion outperforms the state-of-the-art RGB-D SLAM system accuracy. Moreover, our algorithm outputs a ready-to-use polygon mesh (highly suitable for creating 3D virtual worlds) without any postprocessing steps.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

A Framework of Reconfigurable Transducer Nodes for Smart Home Environments

This letter presents a transducer network framework that supports the amalgamation of multiple transducers into single wireless nodes. This approach is aimed at decreasing energy consumption by reducing the number of wireless transceivers involved in such networks. To make wireless nodes easily reconfigurable, a plug and play mechanism is applied to enable the clustering of any number of transducers. Furthermore, an algorithm is proposed to dynamically detect added and removed transducers from a node. Lastly, an XML based protocol is devised to allow nodes to communicate a description of their layout, measured data and control information. To verify the proposed framework, multiple reconfigurable wireless nodes are used to monitor the dynamic condition of a multiple rooms during a period of 24 hours in order to emulate a smart home scenario.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Development of a Self-Calibrated Motion Capture System by Nonlinear Trilateration of Multiple Kinects v2

In this paper, a Kinect-based distributed and real-time motion capture system is developed. A trigonometric method is applied to calculate the relative position of Kinect v2 sensors with a calibration wand and register the sensors' positions automatically. By combining results from multiple sensors with a nonlinear least square method, the accuracy of the motion capture is optimized. Moreover, to exclude inaccurate results from sensors, a computational geometry is applied in the occlusion approach, which discovers occluded joint data. The synchronization approach is based on an NTP protocol that synchronizes the time between the clocks of a server and clients dynamically, ensuring that the proposed system is a real-time system. Experiments for validating the proposed system are conducted from the perspective of calibration, occlusion, accuracy, and efficiency. Furthermore, to demonstrate the practical performance of our system, a comparison of previously developed motion capture systems (the linear trilateration approach and the geometric trilateration approach) with the benchmark OptiTrack system is conducted, therein showing that the accuracy of our proposed system is $38.3\%$ and 24.1% better than the two aforementioned trilateration systems, respectively.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Development of an automatic 3D human head scanning-printing system

Three-dimensional (3D) technologies have been developing rapidly recent years, and have influenced industrial, medical, cultural, and many other fields. In this paper, we introduce an automatic 3D human head scanning-printing system, which provides a complete pipeline to scan, reconstruct, select, and finally print out physical 3D human heads. To enhance the accuracy of our system, we developed a consumer-grade composite sensor (including a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a digital compass, and a Kinect v2 depth sensor) as our sensing device. This sensing device is then mounted on a robot, which automatically rotates around the human subject with approximate 1-meter radius, to capture the full-view information. The data streams are further processed and fused into a 3D model of the subject using a tablet located on the robot. In addition, an automatic selection method, based on our specific system configurations, is proposed to select the head portion. We evaluated the accuracy of the proposed system by comparing our generated 3D head models, from both standard human head model and real human subjects, with the ones reconstructed from FastSCAN and Cyberware commercial laser scanning systems through computing and visualizing Hausdorff distances. Computational cost is also provided to further assess our proposed system.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access
preprint2022arXiv

Dual-branch Hybrid Learning Network for Unbiased Scene Graph Generation

The current studies of Scene Graph Generation (SGG) focus on solving the long-tailed problem for generating unbiased scene graphs. However, most de-biasing methods overemphasize the tail predicates and underestimate head ones throughout training, thereby wrecking the representation ability of head predicate features. Furthermore, these impaired features from head predicates harm the learning of tail predicates. In fact, the inference of tail predicates heavily depends on the general patterns learned from head ones, e.g., "standing on" depends on "on". Thus, these de-biasing SGG methods can neither achieve excellent performance on tail predicates nor satisfying behaviors on head ones. To address this issue, we propose a Dual-branch Hybrid Learning network (DHL) to take care of both head predicates and tail ones for SGG, including a Coarse-grained Learning Branch (CLB) and a Fine-grained Learning Branch (FLB). Specifically, the CLB is responsible for learning expertise and robust features of head predicates, while the FLB is expected to predict informative tail predicates. Furthermore, DHL is equipped with a Branch Curriculum Schedule (BCS) to make the two branches work well together. Experiments show that our approach achieves a new state-of-the-art performance on VG and GQA datasets and makes a trade-off between the performance of tail predicates and head ones. Moreover, extensive experiments on two downstream tasks (i.e., Image Captioning and Sentence-to-Graph Retrieval) further verify the generalization and practicability of our method.

0 citations0 reviewsNo code linkedOpen access