Weighted $L^2$-contractivity of Langevin dynamics with singular potentials

Convergence to equilibrium of underdamped Langevin dynamics is studied under general assumptions on the potential $U$ allowing for singularities. By modifying the direct approach to convergence in $L^2$ pioneered by F. Hérau and developped by Dolbeault, Mouhot and Schmeiser, we show that the dynamics converges exponentially fast to equilibrium in the topologies $L^2(dμ)$ and $L^2(W^* dμ)$, where $μ$ denotes the invariant probability measure and $W^*$ is a suitable Lyapunov weight. In both norms, we make precise how the exponential convergence rate depends on the friction parameter $γ$ in Langevin dynamics, by providing a lower bound scaling as $\min(γ, γ^{-1})$. The results hold for usual polynomial-type potentials as well as potentials with singularities such as those arising from pairwise Lennard-Jones interactions between particles.

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