Visualizing electron pockets in cuprate superconductors

Fingerprint of the electron-pocket in cuprates has been obtained only in numerous magneto-transport measurements, but its absence in spectroscopic observations pose a long-standing mystery. We develop a theoretical tool to provide ways to detect electron-pockets via numerous spectroscopies including scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) spectra, inelastic neutron scattering (INS), and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). We show that the quasiparticle-interference (QPI) pattern, measured by STM, shows additional 7 ${\bm q}$ vectors associated with the scattering on the electron-pocket, than that on the hole-pocket. Furthermore, the Bogolyubov quasiparticle scatterings of the electron pocket may lead to a second magnetic resonance mode in the INS spectra at a higher resonance energy. Finally, we reanalyze some STM, INS, and ARPES experimental data of several cuprate compounds which dictates the direct fingerprints of electron pockets in these systems.

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