Paper detail

Variance of the volume of random real algebraic submanifolds II

Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a complex projective manifold of dimension $n$ defined over the reals and let $M$ be its real locus. We study the vanishing locus $Z\_{s\_d}$ in $M$ of a random real holomorphic section $s\_d$ of $\mathcal{E} \otimes \mathcal{L}^d$, where $\mathcal{L} \to \mathcal{X}$ is an ample line bundle and $\mathcal{E} \to \mathcal{X}$ is a rank $r$ Hermitian bundle, $r \in \{1,\dots, n\}$. We establish the asymptotic of the variance of the linear statistics associated with $Z\_{s\_d}$, as $d$ goes to infinity. This asymptotic is of order $d^{r-\frac{n}{2}}$. As a special case, we get the asymptotic variance of the volume of $Z\_{s\_d}$. The present paper extends the results of [20], by the first-named author, in essentially two ways. First, our main theorem covers the case of maximal codimension ($r = n$), which was left out in [20]. And second, we show that the leading constant in our asymptotic is positive. This last result is proved by studying the Wiener--It{ō} expansion of the linear statistics associated with the common zero set in $\mathbb{RP}^n$ of $r$ independent Kostlan--Shub--Smale polynomials.