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Universal exchange-driven phonon splitting in antiferromagnets

We report a linear dependence of the phonon splitting Δωon the non-dominant exchange coupling constant J_{nd} in the antiferromagnetic transition-metal monoxides MnO, FeO, CoO, NiO, and in the frustrated antiferromagnetic oxide spinels CdCr2O4, MgCr2O4, and ZnCr2O4. It directly confirms the theoretical prediction of an exchange induced splitting of the zone-centre optical phonon for the monoxides and explains the magnitude and the change of sign of the phonon splitting on changing the sign of the non-dominant exchange also in the frustrated oxide spinels. The experimentally found linear relation \hbarΔω= βJ_{nd} S^2 with slope β= 3.7 describes the splitting for both systems and agrees with the observations in the antiferromagnets KCoF3 and KNiF3 with perovskite structure and negligible next-nearest neighbour coupling. The common behavior found for very different classes of cubic antiferromagnets suggests a universal dependence of the exchange-induced phonon splitting at the antiferromagnetic transition on the non-dominant exchange coupling.