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Tunable photo-galvanic effect on topological insulator surfaces via proximity interactions

An unusual photo-galvanic effect is predicted on the topological insulator surface when its semi-metallic electronic spectrum is modified by an adjacent ferromagnet. The effect is correlated with light absorption in a wide frequency range (from a few to hundreds of meV) and produces a pronounced response that is not only resonant to the photon energy but also tunable by an external electrical bias. The exceptionally strong peak photocurrent of the order of $μ$A/cm may be achieved at elevated temperatures with the illumination power of 1 W/cm$^2$ in the THz range on Bi$_2$Se$_3$. These advantages could enable room-temperature detection of far-infrared radiation.