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Toward a Classification of the Supercharacter Theories of $C_p\times C_p$

In this paper, we study the superscharacter theories of elementary abelian $p$-groups of order $p^2$. We show that the supercharacter theories that arise from the direct product construction and the $\ast$-product construction can be obtained from automorphisms. We also prove that any supercharacter theory of an elementary abelian $p$-group of order $p^2$ that has a nonidentity superclass of size $1$ or a nonprincipal linear supercharacter must come from either a $\ast$-product or a direct product. Although we are unable to prove results for general primes, we do compute all of the supercharacter theories when $p = 2, 3, 5$, and based on these computations along with particular computations for larger primes, we make several conjectures for a general prime $p$.