The Shore Point Existence Problem is Equivalent to the Non-Block Point Existence Problem

preprint2020arXivOpen access

Abstract

We prove the three propositions are equivalent: (a)(a) Every Hausdorff continuum has two or more shore points. (b)(b) Every Hausdorff continuum has two or more non-block points. (c)(c) Every Hausdorff continuum is coastal at each point. Thus it is consistent that all three properties fail. We also give the following characterisation of shore points: The point pp of the continuum XX is a shore point if and only if there is a net of subcontinua in {K∈C(X):K⊂κ(p)−p}\{K \in C(X): K \subset κ(p) - p\} tending to XX in the Vietoris topology. This contrasts with the standard characterisation which only demands the net elements be contained in X−pX-p. In addition we prove every point of an indecomposable continuum is a shore point.

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