Paper detail

The Origin of Proton Mass from J/${\rm Ψ}$ Photo-production Data

The trace of the stress tensor characterizes the transformation of a theory under rescaling. In quantum chromodynamics (QCD), this trace contains contributions from the bare masses of the quarks and also from a purely quantum effect, called the QCD trace anomaly. It affects all masses in the theory. We present an estimation of the QCD trace anomaly from the near-threshold J/${\rm Ψ}$ photo-production data of the GlueX experiment, at JLab. We apply a vector meson dominance model to describe the photo-production of J/${\rm Ψ}$ and a running strong coupling which includes the nonperturbative effects in the low $μ^2$ region. Despite the large uncertainty, we find that the experimental data favors a small value of the trace anomaly parameter $b=0.07\pm 0.17$. We report the resulting proton mass decompositions at $μ^2=0.41$ GeV$^2$ and $μ^2=4$ GeV$^2$.