Paper detail

The Karoubi envelope of the mirage of a subshift

We study a correspondence associating to each subshift $\mathcal X$ of $A^{\mathbb Z}$ a subcategory of the Karoubi envelope of the free profinite semigroup generated by $A$. The objects of this category are the idempotents in the mirage of $\mathcal X$, that is, in the set of pseudowords whose finite factors are blocks of $\mathcal X$. The natural equivalence class of the category is shown to be invariant under flow equivalence. As a corollary of our proof, we deduce the flow invariance of the profinite group that Almeida associated to each irreducible subshift. We also show, in a functorial manner, that the isomorphism class of the category is invariant under conjugacy. Finally, we see that the zeta function of $\mathcal X$ is naturally encoded in the category. These results hold, with obvious translations, for relatively free profinite semigroups over many pseudovarieties, including all of the form $\overline{\mathsf H}$, with $\mathsf H$ a pseudovariety of groups.