The Eichler integral of E2E_2 and qq-brackets of tt-hook functions

preprint2020arXivOpen access

Abstract

For functions f:P→Cf: \mathcal{P}\rightarrow \mathbb{C} on partitions, Bloch and Okounkov defined a power series ⟨f⟩q\langle f\rangle_q that is the "weighted average" of ff. As Fourier series in q=e2πizq=e^{2πi z}, such qq-brackets generate the ring of quasimodular forms, and the modular forms that are powers of Dedekind's eta-function. Using work of Berndt and Han, we build modular objects from ft(λ):=t∑h∈Ht(λ)1h2, f_t(λ):= t\sum_{h\in \mathcal{H}_t(λ)}\frac{1}{h^2}, weighted sums over partition hook numbers that are multiples of tt. We find that ⟨ft⟩q\langle f_t \rangle_q is the Eichler integral of (1−E2(tz))/24,(1-E_2(tz))/24, which we modify to construct a function Mt(z)M_t(z) that enjoys weight 0 modularity properties. As a consequence, the non-modular Fourier series Ht∗(z):=∑λ∈Pft(λ)q∣λ∣−124H_t^*(z):=\sum_{λ\in \mathcal{P}} f_t(λ)q^{|λ|-\frac{1}{24}} inherits weight −1/2-1/2 modularity properties. These are sufficient to imply a Chowla-Selberg type result, generalizing the fact that weight kk algebraic modular forms evaluated at discriminant D<0D<0 points ττ are algebraic multiples of ΩDk,Ω_D^k, the kkth power of the canonical period. If we let Ψ(τ):=−πi(τ2−3τ+112τ)−log⁡(τ)2,Ψ(τ):=-πi \left(\frac{τ^2-3τ+1}{12τ}\right)-\frac{\log(τ)}{2}, then for t=1t=1 we prove that H1∗(−1/τ)−1−iτ⋅H1∗(τ)∈Q‾⋅Ψ(τ)ΩD. H_1^*(-1/τ)-\frac{1}{\sqrt{-iτ}}\cdot H_1^*(τ)\in \overline{\mathbb{Q}}\cdot \frac{Ψ(τ)}{\sqrt{Ω_D}}.

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