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Symmetrization for Linear and Nonlinear Fractional Parabolic Equations of Porous Medium Type

We establish symmetrization results for the solutions of the linear fractional diffusion equation $\partial_t u +(-Δ)^{σ/2}u=f$ and itselliptic counterpart $h v +(-Δ)^{σ/2}v=f$, $h>0$, using the concept of comparison of concentrations. The results extend to the nonlinear version, $\partial_t u+(-Δ)^{σ/2}A(u)=f$, but only when $A:\re_+\to\re_+$ is a concave function. In the elliptic case, complete symmetrization results are proved for $\,B(v)+(-Δ)^{σ/2}v=f$ \ when $B(v)$ is a convex nonnegative function for $v>0$ with $B(0)=0$, and partial results when $B$ is concave. Remarkable counterexamples are constructed for the parabolic equation when $A$ is convex, resp. for the elliptic equation when $B$ is concave. Such counterexamples do not exist in the standard diffusion case $σ=2$.