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Supersymmetric gauge theories on the lattice: Pfaffian phases and the Neuberger 0/0 problem

Recently a class of supersymmetric gauge theories have been successfully implemented on the lattice. However, there has been an ongoing debate on whether lattice versions of some of these theories suffer from a sign problem, with independent simulations for the ${\cal N} = (2, 2)$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories in two dimensions yielding seemingly contradictory results. Here, we address this issue from an interesting theoretical point of view. We conjecture that the sign problem observed in some of the simulations is related to the so called Neuberger 0/0 problem, which arises in ordinary non-supersymmetric lattice gauge theories, and prevents the realization of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin symmetry on the lattice. After discussing why we expect a sign problem in certain classes of supersymmetric lattice gauge theories far from the continuum limit, we argue that these problems can be evaded by use of a non-compact parametrization of the gauge link fields.