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Superconducting Nanowire Fabrication on Niobium Nitride using Helium Ion Irradiation

Superconducting devices are prone to reduced performance caused by impurities and defects along the edges of their wires, which can lead to local current crowding. In this study, we explored the use of helium ion irradiation to modify the lattice structure of the superconducting material to change its intrinsic properties. The process will allow us to directly pattern devices and potentially improve the quality of the nanowires. To achieve this, we used the ion beam from a scanning helium ion microscope (HIM) to localize damage on a superconducting material to create a nanowire. Two experiments were performed in this study. First, a range of helium ion doses was exposed on a niobium nitride (NbN) microwire to determine the estimated dose density to suppress superconductivity. Using the results of this first experiment, nanowires were patterned onto a microwire, and the current-voltage characteristics were measured for each sample. Our results showed that helium ion irradiation is an effective resistless fabrication method for superconducting nanowires.