Paper detail

Strong approximation of fractional Sobolev maps

Brezis and Mironescu have announced several years ago that for a compact manifold $N^n \subset \mathbb{R}^ν$ and for real numbers $0 < s < 1$ and $1 \le p < \infty$ the class $C^\infty(\overline{Q}^m; N^n)$ of smooth maps on the cube with values into $N^n$ is dense with respect to the strong topology in the Sobolev space $W^{s, p}(Q^m; N^n)$ when the homotopy group $π_{\lfloor sp \rfloor}(N^n)$ of order $\lfloor sp \rfloor$ is trivial. The proof of this beautiful result is long and rather involved. Under the additional assumption that $N^n$ is $\lfloor sp \rfloor$ simply connected, we give a shorter proof of their result. Our proof for $sp \ge 1$ is based on the existence of a retraction of $\mathbb{R}^ν$ onto $N^n$ except for a small subset in the complement of $N^n$ and on the Gagliardo-Nirenberg interpolation inequality for maps in $W^{1, q} \cap L^\infty$. In contrast, the case $sp < 1$ relies on the density of step functions on cubes in $W^{s, p}$.