Spectrality of random convolutions generated by finitely many Hadamard triples

preprint2024arXivOpen access

Abstract

Let {(Nj,Bj,Lj):1≤j≤m}\{(N_j, B_j, L_j): 1 \le j \le m\} be finitely many Hadamard triples in R\mathbb{R}. Given a sequence of positive integers {nk}k=1∞\{n_k\}_{k=1}^\infty and ω=(ωk)k=1∞∈{1,2,⋯ ,m}Nω=(ω_k)_{k=1}^\infty \in \{1,2,\cdots, m\}^\mathbb{N}, let μω,{nk}μ_{ω,\{n_k\}} be the infinite convolution given by μω,{nk}=δNω1−n1Bω1∗δNω1−n1Nω2−n2Bω2∗⋯∗δNω1−n1Nω2−n2⋯Nωk−nkBωk∗⋯ .μ_{ω,\{n_k\}} = δ_{N_{ω_1}^{-n_1} B_{ω_1}} * δ_{N_{ω_1}^{-n_1} N_{ω_2}^{-n_2} B_{ω_2}} * \cdots * δ_{N_{ω_1}^{-n_1} N_{ω_2}^{-n_2} \cdots N_{ω_k}^{-n_k} B_{ω_k} }* \cdots. In order to study the spectrality of μω,{nk}μ_{ω,\{ n_k\}}, we first show the spectrality of general infinite convolutions generated by Hadamard triples under the equi-positivity condition. Then by using the integral periodic zero set of Fourier transform we show that if gcd(Bj−Bj)=1\mathrm{gcd}(B_j - B_j)=1 for 1≤j≤m1 \le j \le m, then all infinite convolutions μω,{nk}μ_{ω,\{n_k\}} are spectral measures. This implies that we may find a subset Λω,{nk}⊆RΛ_{ω,\{n_k\}}\subseteq \mathbb{R} such that {eλ(x)=e2πiλx:λ∈Λω,{nk}}\big\{ e_λ(x) = e^{2πi λx}: λ\in Λ_{ω,\{n_k\}} \big\} forms an orthonormal basis for L2(μω,{nk})L^2(μ_{ω,\{ n_k\}}).

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