Skeleton Key: Subduction Classes in Finite Transformation Semigroups and Green's Relations

preprint2026arXivOpen access

Abstract

We establish key connections between Green's J\cal J- and L\cal L-relations on a finite semigroup and the subduction relation defined on the image sets of an action of the same semigroup when it acts faithfully on a finite set. The construction of the skeleton order, the partial order on equivalence classes of the subduction relation, is shown to depend in a functorial way on transformation semigroups and surjective morphisms, and to factor through the Green's ≤L\leq_{\cal L}-order and ≤J\leq_{\cal J}-order on the semigroup and through the inclusion order on image sets. For right regular representations, the correspondence between the J\cal J-class order and the skeleton order is one of isomorphism. Finally, we characterize the relationship between natural subsystems of a transformation semigroup, permutator groups and the H\cal H-relation.

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